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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation in selection of amputation level.

Various noninvasive techniques of hemodynamic evaluation have been used to determine the optimal level of amputation. Noninvasively obtained measurements of pressure and blood flow in the lower extremity have been found to be reliable in predicting the probable healing of an amputation. In patients with severely calcified noncompressible arteries, noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter measurements of peak pulsatile flow provide a more accurate indication of the vascular status of the patient than do blood pressure measurements which, in such patients, frequently exceed 300 millimeters of mercury. Skin thermistor thermometry does not appear to be applicable in patients with extensive severe ischemia of the leg. The need for a reliable method of determining the lowest possible level of amputation is well recognized. Such factors as wound edge bleeding and clinical judgment too often lead to above the knee amputation when, frequently, a more distal amputation could have been possible. Our experience has shown that noninvasive techniques for hemodynamic evaluation are a valuable aid to clinical judgment in determining accurately the lowest level for successful limb amputation.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Hyperthermia--the actual role in radiation oncology and future prospects. Part I.

After a short introduction the first part of the editorial describes biological and technical fundamentals of clinical hyperthermia. Results obtained in the field of thermobiology lead to conclusions for the clinical application of hyperthermia in combination with radiation therapy. These are concerned with the direct cytotoxic effect of heat, protection of normal tissues, impact of blood flow on the quality of a hyperthermic treatment, thermotolerance, the necessary number of heat treatments, and the radiosensitizing effect of heat. The technical paragraph outlines localized heating techniques, thermometry methods and important aspects of quality assurance, thermal dosimetry and treatment planning.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2005

[Administration of the immunomodulator gepon after tonsillectomy].

The study included 37 patients with chronic tonsillitis. Before and after tonsillectomy all the patients' humoral and cellular immunities were studied. Local thermometry and physiological test "pharynx" were made. For optimization of early postoperative period, all the tonsillectomized patients were given a domestic immunomodulator with local anti-inflammatory activity gepon. The results of gepon therapy allowed conclusion that local use of immunomodulator gepon early after bilateral tonsillectomy is justified and can be recommended for wide clinical practice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic value of some markers of infection in cardiosurgical patients in the early postoperative period].

The diagnostic value of traditional markers of infection and procalcitonin test (PCT) in the early postoperative period was compared in 60 cardiosurgical patients with acquired cardiac diseases and at risk for postoperative infectious complications. The mean age of the patients was 51 +/- 11 years. Preoperatively, all the patients had no signs of infections. The patients were examined before and on days 1, 2, 3, and 6 after surgery. Along with the routine studies (thermometry, general blood analysis), the plasma concentration of PCT was determined by immunoluminometric technique (LUMI-test PCT, Brahms Aktiengesellschaft, Germany). The preoperative level of PCT did not exceed the normal values ( < 0.5 ng/ml). On postoperative days 2 to 17, 14 (23.3%) patients developed infectious complications (Group 2); the other patients were included into a group of comparison (Group 1). Just within the first postoperative days, the levels of PCT were significantly higher in Group 2 patients than in Group 1 (7.58 +/- 2.34 and 3.51 +/- 0.71 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). A difference was found in the count of white blood cells between the groups only from day 3. There were no significant differences in body temperature between the groups. At the second stage of analysis of the data, in accordance with the level of PCT on the first day after surgery and its subsequent changes, all the patients were divided into 4 groups (A-D). The level of PCT on postoperative day was less than 0.5 ng/ml in Group A (n = 6), 0.5-2 ng/ml in Group B (n = 23) and more than 2 ng/ml in groups C (n = 26) and D (n = 5). Subsequently, it was in the normal range in Group A, decreased to the normal values in Groups B and C by day 6 following surgery. The persistence of the high level of PCT was observed in Group D where there were the bulk (60%) of infectious complications. As compared with the traditional clinical and laboratory criteria (fever, leukocytosis), PCT is the earliest and most specific marker of bacterial infection in cardiosurgical patients in the early postoperative period. The level of PCT > 3.5 ng/ml within the first 24 hours after surgery is shown to be a predictor of postoperative infectious complications.

APACHE↗
PubMed2005

[Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-directed focussed ultrasound. Methods and applications in oncological treatment].

Focussed ultrasound is the only known technology that allows non-invasive local hyperthermia. Since MRI may be employed to obtain real-time temperature maps non-invasively, the combination of these two technologies offers great advantages, specifically aimed towards oncological studies. Real-time identification of the target region and accurate control of the temperature evolution during the treatment are now possible. Thermal ablation of pathological tissue, local drug delivery using thermosensitive microcarriers and controlled transgene expression using thermosensitive promoters have recently been demonstrated with this unique technology, and based on these experiments the combination of focussed ultrasound and MRI thermometry holds promise for future oncological diagnostics and treatment. In this paper we review some of the recent methodological developments as well as experimental and first clinical studies using this approach.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Dynamics of the heat exchange in rats upon getting out of the state of artificial hypothermia].

With the help of thermometry and general calorimetry, changes in the heat exchange were determined in the non-hibernating mammals (rats) upon their getting out of artificial deep hypothermia (the temperature in the rectum was 22-24 degrees C) at the temperature in the calorimeter chamber 22 degrees C. An attempt was made to find out what part of the heal production during animal self-warming is used for increasing its body temperature and what part of the heat production is released to the environment by the animal. The experiments revealed a complex relationship between the body temperature, the heat loss, and the total heat production during the animal self-warming. The result was that the total heat production first increased and, after reaching the maximum, decreased gradually. The experiments showed that during two and more hours of observation the body temperature did not reach the starting level, the same was true for the total heat production, which was the sum of the heat loss and the heat production spent for warming the animal body.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From Fahrenheit to cytokines: fever, inflammation and the kidney.

People have used the words inflammation and fever for millennia, but the meaning of inflammation has gradually changed whereas that of fever has remained reasonably constant. Whereas inflammation originally referred to the combination of heat, redness, swelling and pain in a local area, it has gradually evolved to focus upon cellular and humoral processes that occur in tissues when external or internal agents cause damage to them. The classical manifestations are no longer obligatory. Diseases that affect internal organs such as the kidneys are nowadays commonly described as inflammatory despite entirely lacking those classical manifestations, but possessing evidence of cellular proliferation and/or involvement of factors such as cytokines. These conceptual changes have resulted from the application of progressively improved investigational techniques such as microscopy, thermometry, experimental pathology, and tissue culture. The consequence of them has been largely to extinguish the fire that previously epitomised inflammation.

Cytokines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of pacifier thermometers in young children.

Nurses and families are continually searching for less invasive yet accurate methods of measuring temperature in children. Although pacifier thermometers are readily accessible to consumers, few studies report the accuracy of such instruments. This study aimed to determine the validity/reliability of one type of pacifier thermometer in approximating core body temperature using a prospective, within-subjects design, comparing pacifier and rectal temperatures in children (n=25), ages 7 days to 24 months, in one pediatric hospital-based setting. The mean +/-SD difference between rectal and supralingual temperatures adjusted upward by 0.5 degrees F was 0.012 degrees F +/- 0.777 degrees F, which was not statistically significant. The 95% confidence interval (-0.309-0.333) fit within the manufacturer specifications. The correlations between the rectal and adjusted pacifier temperature was 0.772 and between 3-and 6-minute pacifier temperatures was 0.913. These data provide support to previous assertions that pacifier thermometry is an acceptable method of temperature approximation in young children.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2006

Body temperature variability (Part 1): a review of the history of body temperature and its variability due to site selection, biological rhythms, fitness, and aging.

Body temperature is a complex, non-linear data point, subject to many sources of internal and external variation. While these sources of variation significantly complicate interpretation of temperature data, disregarding knowledge in favor of oversimplifying complex issues would represent a significant departure from practicing evidence-based medicine. Part 1 of this review outlines the historical work of Wunderlich on temperature and the origins of the concept that a healthy normal temperature is 98.6 degrees F (37.0 degrees C). Wunderlich's findings and methodology are reviewed and his results are contrasted with findings from modern clinical thermometry. Endogenous sources of temperature variability, including variations caused by site of measurement, circadian, menstrual, and annual biological rhythms, fitness, and aging are discussed. Part 2 will review the effects of exogenous masking agents - external factors in the environment, diet, or lifestyle that can influence body temperature, as well as temperature findings in disease states.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical experience of local hyperthermia for benign prostatic hyperplasia].

A total of 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent transrectal local hyperthermia. For heating of the prostate gland, the PROSTATHERMER (Biodan-Medical System, Israel) was used. Patients were treated twice weekly, for 1 hour, with 6 sessions on an outpatient basis. Four of the 20 patients who had acute toxicity such as urethral irritability due to urethral thermoprobe could not tolerate the treatment. In the majority of the patients who were completely treated, a significant decrease in frequency of nocturia, decrease in post-void residual urine capacity and increase in urine flow rate were observed. No significant change in prostate volume was noted. With a mean follow-up of 6 months, only 1 patient required subsequent prostatic resection. These findings indicate that local hyperthermia applied by this method is effective in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and that improvement of the thermometry system is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The effect of smoking and menopause on the small blood vessels.

The small blood vessels were examined in 31 premenopausal and 31 postmenopausal women. In each group there were 14 non-smokers and 17 smokers of age groups 35-45 and 45-59. The women underwent full gynecological examination. Blood pressure was normal in each. The small blood vessels were examined by capillaroscopy of conjunctivae and nailfolds, by oscillometry of the radial artery, skin thermometry of the wrist and terminal phalanx, and by capillary fragility. When all abnormalities in non-smokers were compared with those in smokers in the menopausal groups, a significant difference was found, (Table 4), to the disadvantage of the smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A method for the combined treatment of cancer of the esophagus and cardia by using intensive preoperative gamma teletherapy and intracavity hyperthermia].

Local intracavitary hyperthermia and simultaneous intensive-concentrated irradiation were used in 23 patients with esophageal cancer and 64 cases of cardioesophageal malignancy prior to surgery. The procedure for thermometry is described. Hyperthermia was carried out after the second and fifth (out of six) radiation fractions, thermotolerability being taken into account. Complete and partial response rate was 72.7% in the study group compared to 56.5% in controls. The volume fraction of viable parenchyma dropped to 2.1 +/- 0.2% (16.6 +/- 1.5% in controls) whereas the injury index according to Lavnikova rose to 95.0% (58.7% in controls).

Cardia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of tympanic membrane thermometer for use with pediatric patients.

To determine if a tympanic membrane thermometer is of benefit on a pediatric unit. Temperature readings using a tympanic membrane thermometer and an electronic thermometer were compared for 295 paired observations. The electronic temperature readings were done by rectal (n = 32), oral (n = 65), and axillary (n = 198) routes. Differences in tympanic and electronic readings were compared by paired t-tests, and the readings were also correlated. The nursing time in seconds was also compared between electronic and tympanic measurements. Parents and nurses rated their opinion of each type of measurement on a 0-5 Likert scale. Nurses rated the patient's response using the same scale. Results indicate that temperature readings differ by an average of .2- .5 degree between tympanic and electronic thermometers. Correlations are statistically significant but of low-to-moderate strength. Parents and nurses did not rate the types of instruments differently. The nurses rated the electronic axillary method as being more acceptable to toddlers. The tympanic membrane measurement took an average of 30-38 seconds less time to take. Tympanic membrane thermometry saves nursing time. Although the correlations were not strong between electronic and tympanic membrane measurements, the tympanic reading was closer to the electronic rectal reading than to axillary or oral readings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis and treatment of congenital defects and abnormalities of the nasal cavity in children and adults].

In 300 patients with congenital defects and abnormalities of the nasal cavity development, physiological functions of the nose were investigated, using advanced methods, e. g. rhinofibroscopy, microrhinoscopy, rhinopneumometry, olfactometry, thermometry of the nasal mucosa, and pH measurement of the nasal mucus. Disorders in respiratory, olfactory, and protective functions were revealed. This led to surgical intervention in more than 300 cases. Original methods and modified procedures were developed as applied to specific pathologies. Physiological measurements before and after surgery demonstrated that correction of development defects and abnormalities of the nasal cavity contributed to the recovery of nose functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Fever. A guideline in the development of medical thinking].

Fever being one of the best known symptoms, and appearing so frequently that it is often assimilated to "illness", has brought us to try and find out what "fever" means in a general way; in other words, we examined its medical and scientific concept throughout the centuries. In the course of primitive and archaic periods, fever, as well as diseases, was placed in the supernatural sphere and was reserved to magico-religious practices. Hippocrates will change this method by devoting himself to meticulous clinical observation, considering fever as a sign of illness, and by characterizing the different types of fever. When considering the mechanisms of its appearance, he will stick to the theory of "body-humors" and the "theories of numbers." Galenos will adapt that theory to Aristotle's philosophy and, doing so, he made it last for several centuries. The Renaissance will place critical thinking higher than slavish acceptance of theories, but it will not start any revolution in the appreciation of fevers. The possibility of contagion is mentioned, but the latter will only be well established by Pasteur and Koch. The breakthrough of microscopy into pathology will have to wait for Virchow. Thermometry will have to wait two centuries between Santorio and Wunderlich. The fever-concept will stay vague until experimental physiology and medicine will acquire their vested rights owing to Magendie and Bernard. They will moreover be followed by the microbiological era. The breakthrough will be the consequence of experimental proofs of the existence of a temperature-centre located in the hypothalamus and the pre-optic area. The discovery of endogenous as well as exogenous pyrogens has contributed to the creation of rational models which cover nearly completely the problem of body-temperature and fever. This long way did not progress as a regularly favourable evolution but, now and again, appeared figureheads who allowed us to approach the truth nearer and nearer.

Fever↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical results of thermoradiotherapy for recurrent lung cancers--comparison of results with radiotherapy alone].

From October 1986 through December 1989, 18 patients with locally recurrent lung cancer were treated by local hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy at the Kawasaki Medical School Hospital. Nine patients were initially treated by radiotherapy for inoperable lung cancer or as adjunct postoperative therapy. The other 9 were initially treated by chemotherapy or operation. Local heat was applied with a 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating equipment, twice a week after radiotherapy, for 45-60 minutes per session. The results were compared with 17 patients with locally recurrent tumors which were treated by radiation therapy alone between January 1981 and September 1986. Tumor temperatures of two patients were measured directly by thermocouples inserted into the tumors which partially attached to the chest wall. As we were unable to measure tumor temperatures in the other 16 because of the anatomical difficulty, we measured the temperatures of the esophagus as near as possible to these lesions. Based on thermometry results, it was estimated that the maximum tumor temperatures were about 40-41 degrees C. The local response rates (CR + PR) were 25% in patients treated with combined therapy and 7% in those with RT alone. The median survivals after onset of retreatment were 10.7 months and 5.0 months, a statistically significant difference being demonstrated. Severe complications were not seen in this treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Basic principles and methods of aid to patients with severe hand trauma].

Aid rendering to the patients with severe hand trauma is presented as a system of primary-reconstructive treatment, including individual approach to the surgical aid tactics, terms and volume selection, where the defining factors are the state of tissue blood circulation, application of the complex of conservative and operative measures aimed at the prophylaxis and therapy of circulatory and infectious complications, selection of rational methods of the lost anatomic formations reconstruction. There are described clinical criteria of tissue vitality evaluation and those obtained with application of instrument methods (infrared thermography, electric resistance thermometry, ultrasound indication of blood flow). If the state of the damaged hand tissues requires medicinal treatment it would be expedient to carry out the primary-postponed treatment, consisting of 2 stages. The first stage includes surgical manipulation, aimed at microcirculation improvement and wound surface isolation by means of watertight cover. The second stage is the final one. Its volume depends upon the compensation of tissue blood flow and is carried out for 2-5 days in planned order.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[The reactions of the vascular bed of the breast in normally lactating women and in hypogalactia].

Vascular responses of the mammary gland were studied by means of rheography and measuring skin temperature in breast nursing women. Gradual rise of the mammary gland temperature occurred within the first 5 days after delivery, the increase being less obvious in deficient lactation (oligogalactia). Breast nursing within the first 3 days of lactation caused a short-term decrease of the skin temperature followed by its increase. This short-term decrease was more obvious and occurred later during lactation in women with oligogalactia. The results of rheographic studies agree with those of thermometry and reveal disturbances in the breast microcirculation in women with oligogalactia.

Breast↗