Influence of parental expectancies and responsiveness on achievement motivation of minimally brain-injured and normal children.
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Previous studies have shown that females tell stories that change from negative experiences (deprivation) to positive experiences (enhancement) and males tell stories that change in the opposite direction. The current study examines this phenomenon in children using a different story-telling procedure. Results were not consistent with those of previous studies.
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Quantitative differences in subjects' responses to selected TAT cards were studied. 70 white, female college students wrote stories in response to TAT Cards 1, 2, 3BM, 12M, and 13MF. Stories were scored for several measures of drive intensity, defensive pattern, and object relational pattern. On all measures, the several cards were associated with different patterns of response. The use of the pattern of scores on several cards (as opposed to aggregate measures summing responses to several cards) for exploration of the ebb and flow of various aspects of intrapsychic functioning is discussed.
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In a research group setting, marijuana increased social-emotional interpersonal communication and decreased task-oriented behavior. Following a frustration stimulus, groups of marijuana smokers appeared nonintoxicated and showed improvement in consensus problem solving. Interpersonal behavior with marijuana may depend in part, on the presence or absence of demand characteristics for task performance. Creativity in group problem solving was not improved by marijuana.
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Mental health problems in terms of deviant behaviour and emotional problems are assumed in context with mental representations and indicators of internal psychic structure. In distinction to adults there is little empirical research concerning this matter. On the basis of Childrens' Play Narratives (MacArthur Story Stem Battery) we collected data about content-themes, structural indicators and process criteria of 73 preschool children and implicated these information with behaviour ratings of parents and kindergarden teachers. Many correlations were found particularly with structural indicators, process criteria and behaviour ratings. The results are discussed both with respect to content and methodical aspects.
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In 86 neurotic patients, judgements about TAT pictures were defined before a session of hypnosis. Later other judgments about the same pictures were suggested after the patients entered the hypnotic state. 34 patients who were in a deep enough hypnotic state manifested the lack of suggestion realization, which can be accounted for by image and intellectual activity that occurred at the moment of suggestion. Suggestibility increased whatever the depth of the hypnotic state, on condition that at the moment of suggestion the image and intellectual perception of TAT pictures could be rearranged. The given study made it possible to explain the occasionally occurring difference in suggestibility and hypnability which is of practical value.
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