Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Strabismus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oculomotor paralysis in functional strabismus].

Analysis of 800 strabismic children, in the out-patient follow-up, shows a frequency of congenital strabismus of 15%. In a great number of them, the causes were neurogenous. The anamnesis showed that 80 of them had a suffering at birth, and in 42 a defective neuropsychic evolution was found. 40 children were prematures and 30 had not the weight limit at birth. The strabismic deviation was larger than 15 degrees in 83% of the cases, and amblyopia was not frequent. Examples are given of 10 various observations of oculomotor pareses. The treatment was, generally, surgical and was applied early, before consolidation of the abnormal retinal correspondence.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Upgaze intraocular pressure changes and strabismus in Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Graves' thyroid ophthalmopathy primarily affects women in their third through sixth decade. Sixty-seven patients with clinical myopathic ophthalmic Graves' disease examined (by SCB) between 1982 and 1989 were measured for changes in upgaze intraocular pressure and strabismus. Special attention was paid to "masquerade" symptoms, including pseudosuperior oblique palsies and cyclotorsions. Any correlation between the extent of hypertropia on muscle exam and upgaze intraocular pressure changes is examined. Data suggest that significant changes in introcular pressure in upgaze correlate with more severe extraocular muscle involvement, may represent progression to muscle fibrosis, and occur uniformly in our study of patients who progress to require inferior rectus recession.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An experimental study on the use of fibrin sealants in strabismus surgery.

Fibrin sealants were used in place of the classical suture materials in strabismus surgery. Classical recession operations were performed on the right eyes of ten albino rabbits, while the recessed anterior rectus muscles of the left eyes were fixed to the sclera with the tissue sealant. Better histopathological results were obtained with the fibrin sealant than with the classical sutures, but the functional results were worse.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Early visual deprivation results in persistent strabismus and nystagmus in monkeys.

To understand to what extent visual-pattern deprivation during infancy results in strabismus and nystagmus, the authors examined the long-term consequences of this type of deprivation in monkeys during the first 50 days of life. Three cynomolgus and three rhesus monkeys had the eyelids sutured closed within 24 hr of birth. At 25 days of age, the eyelids were opened, and the eyelids of the fellow eye were sutured closed for an additional 25 days (reverse-eyelid suture). When the eyelids were opened at 50 days of age, each monkey was found to have 20-30 delta of exotropia and nystagmus, which persisted for the duration of the study (1 yr). The cynomolgus monkeys developed a monocular 8-10 Hz pendular nystagmus in the eye sutured first. The rhesus monkeys developed a conjugate nystagmus with both jerk and pendular components. The slow phases often had velocity-increasing profiles. The rhesus monkeys also had a superimposed latent component to the nystagmus found during monocular viewing. One additional rhesus monkey was examined after 55 days of binocular-eyelid suturing. This monkey also developed exotropia and nystagmus resembling that of the other rhesus monkeys. These findings suggest that early pattern vision in monkeys is necessary for the development of normal ocular alignment and gaze-holding ability.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Indications for and the methods of surgical treatment of oblique strabismus].

The authors present a group of 3500 patients treated surgically in the years 1961-1986 for disturbances of function of the oblique muscles. Two forms of these disturbances are discussed. The first one--acquired paresis of the trochlearis muscle, most frequently a sequelae of injury, the second one--congenital disturbances of action of the superior oblique, with hyperfunction of the inferior oblique, determined as "strabismus sursoadductorius". When the healthy eye was the master eye one the authors performed operations weakening the inferior oblique which was in hyperfunction (recession, partial marginal tenotomy, myectomy, elongation) or they strengthened the superior oblique (plication) because of its paresis. In patients with the affected eye as the master one they weakened the opposite inferior rectus (recession) or strengthened the opposite superior rectus (resection). In cases of a coexistence of a horizontal deviation also this deviation was treated surgically. Five thousand seven hundred four operations had been performed. The vertical deviation was corrected in 75.5 p.c. and diminished in 24 p.c. Binocular single vision without compensatory positioning of the head was attained in 55.4 p.c. of patients, with a small compensatory positioning of the head--in 10.8 p.c.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Refractive errors, strabismus and amblyopia in pre-school screening--experiences using a vision test in kindergarten].

UNLABELLED: Within the framework of mass screenings conducted by the Public Health service section for juveniles, 254 children were examined jointly on a voluntary basis in 5 different kindergartens. The examined children represented in each case 88% of the respective kindergarten groups. The examination programme included, among others, the R5 apparatus (visual acuity in respect of remote objects with and without + 1.5 D), Lang- and DeKa Stereo Test, Cover-and-Uncover Test with remote and near fixation, heterostatic retinoscopy (in 205 children only), ophthalmoscopic fixation test. In addition, the acceptance for U8 and the degree of care in respect of ophthalmological control and treatment were investigated. RESULTS: Strabismus or significant uncorrected errors of refraction were discovered by the on-target tests of covering and uncovering, fixation and retinoscopy in 26 of 205 completely examined children (12.7%). This had not been satisfactorily covered by single tests such as R5-Visus test with the criteria much less than 1.0 (grade 5) or much less than 0.7 (grade 4), respectively stereo tests. The combination of "R5-Test Visus much less than 1.0" and "DeKa Stereo Test not fully identified" attained a sensitivity of 81% with a positive predictive value of only 28%. This combination, therefore, results in too many healthy children being referred to the ophthalmologist. "R5-Test Visus much less than 0.7" and "DeKa Stereo Test not fully identified" attained a sensitivity of 75% with a positive predictive value of 44%. This combination is recommended as long as the R5 or R11 apparatuses are used. The phoria and stereo tests contained in the R5 apparatus are unsuitable for kindergarten screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1990

[Dissociated vertical divergence. Early strabismus. Nystagmus].

The presence of a DVD makes the ocular motility examination complicate but it is a valuable sign for the clinician as it is noticed essentially in infantile early onset strabismus with latent nystagmus. It is fundamental not to confuse it with an hyperaction of the inferior oblique. It requires a surgical treatment: a recession of superior recti.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Overnight admission of outpatient strabismus patients.

The trend to outpatient strabismus surgery prompted us to determine the frequency of, and the reasons for, postoperative overnight hospital admission following such surgery. In one year, 303 outpatient strabotomies were performed at the Jules Stein Eye Institute on patients over 15 months old. Twenty-four (7.9%) were admitted overnight postoperatively. Compared with controls, those admitted were older (37 vs 20.5 years), and had a longer duration of anesthesia (145 vs 116 minutes) and surgery (104 vs 75 minutes) (P less than .01 for each). The time that surgery commenced and the use of perioperative medications were not significant factors. The most frequent reasons for overnight admission were nausea (38%) despite prophylaxis and the use of bilateral patches (16%). To minimize postoperative admissions, better strategies should be developed to decrease the frequency of significant postoperative nausea, the duration of surgery and anesthesia, and, if possible, the use of bilateral patches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pointing response before and after strabismus surgery].

Eye-hand open-loop pointing responses were measured in eight patients before and after unilateral strabismus surgery. They showed large shifts in pointing responses with the operated eye and relatively small ones with the non-operated eye. The same pointing responses were examined in five normal subjects. Statistically significant shifts were found even in cases of normal subjects. From these results, it was speculated that visual localization and eye-hand coordination may change by some unknown factors or under casual conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Recession of the superior oblique tendon in A-pattern strabismus.

We performed 9 to 12 mm of recession of the superior oblique tendon for A-pattern strabismus in 10 patients. The average preoperative A-pattern measured 29.4 prism dioptres (PD), and the average pattern correction was 29.3 PD. All patients had a residual pattern of 6 PD or less (average 2.3 PD). No patient experienced significant underaction of the superior oblique, and other surgical complications, such as ptosis, Brown's syndrome, and laceration of the vortex vein or superior rectus, did not occur. The procedure corrected 14 to 40 PD of A-pattern. The amount of pattern corrected was correlated with the size of the preoperative A-pattern but not with the total amount of recession done. No significant shift in esodeviation in primary position was noted in the patients who underwent only superior oblique recession. The procedure appears to be of particular value in patients with moderate superior oblique overaction. The advantages of recession of the superior oblique tendon include the potential for reversibility and reoperation, low risk of induced superior oblique palsy, allowance for asymmetric surgery and potential for adjustable suture technique.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1990

Techniques of adjustable suture strabismus surgery.

Adjustable sutures allow eye muscle positions to be changed following strabismus surgery, when the patient is awake and able to cooperate in muscle balance testing. Bow-tie-knot and sliding-handle sutures can be adjusted within 24 hours after surgery. Scleral traction sutures, which can be used to fix the globe to periorbital tissues during postoperative healing, can be adjusted for up to 14 days after surgery. We describe these techniques as well as an adjustable loop suture for conjunctival closure.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Anesthesia using propofol during surgery of strabismus in children. A comparison of two different protocols of induction and maintenance].

The purpose of this study is an investigation of two protocols using propofol as induction and maintenance agent in 100 children scheduled for strabismus surgery (4-8 year, ASA I, NYHA I). Protocol I; Propofol 6 mg.kg-1 in 60 s with fentanyl 2 micrograms.kg-1 and vecuronium bromide 0.08 mg.kg-1 for induction, followed by propofol 11 mg.kg-1 for maintenance; Protocol II; Propofol 3 mg.kg-1 in 20 s with fentanyl 3 micrograms.kg-1 for induction, followed by propofol 12 mg.kg-1.h-1 for maintenance. It appears that the use of protocol I offers significant advantages compared with protocol II: a better quality of induction with a lesser incidence of pain during injection of propofol; a better quality of maintenance with very infrequent bradycardia from oculocardiac reflectivity; and a better recovery with a greatly reduced frequency of nausea and vomiting.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1990

Normal retinotopic mapping in human strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence.

Burian proposed that a functional retinotopic remapping of the deviated eye on striate visual cortex may be the physiologic basis for the perceptual phenomenon of anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) in human strabismus. This investigation searched for this type of retinotopic remapping in five esotropes and one exotrope with ARC by means of visual evoked potential (VEP) topographic mapping. Uniocular stimulation of the foveas (corresponding points) during binocular vision in a normal subject yielded identical VEP scalp topographies from each eye. Stimulation of anomalously corresponding points produced different VEP scalp topographies from each eye in the six strabismic subjects. Uniocular stimulation of the anatomic foveas of each eye (noncorresponding points) in a strabismic subject during binocular vision produced identical VEP scalp topographies. These results suggest that there is no significant functional binocular realignment of retinotopic mapping in the visual cortex of human strabismics with ARC.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1990

Oculocardiac reflex in strabismus surgery under general anaesthesia--a study of Singapore patients.

A study of 80 patients with strabismus undergoing correctional surgery under general anaesthesia was done. A comparison was made with regards to the incidence of oculocardiac reflex between patients premedicated with intramuscular atropine 0.015 mg/kg and non-premedicated patients. We found that premedication with atropine reduces the incidence and the morbidity of the oculocardiac reflex.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The association of strabismus and aphakia in children].

The frequency and polarity of secondary strabismus was related retrospectively to the onset of deprivation in 131 children with mono- and bilateral aphakia after congenital cataract or perforating injury. The frequency was highest in patients up to 2 years of age at the onset of deprivation. From the 3rd year on, it declined to 50% or less. Esotropia was predominant in the first 2 years of life. At the end of the first decade of life exotropia was up to 80%.

Aphakia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the office assistant or operating room nurse in botulinum injection as an alternative to strabismus surgery.

Botulinum injection of eye muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery can be performed in young children with low dose ketamine sedation, or reassurance without sedation for older children. The OR nurse or office assistant should provide a calm, restful environment rapport with the patient prior to surgery, a connection with her voice through the procedure and rapid reunion of the child and parent in a restful environment. If a child over 6 years is unable to cooperate with the office procedure, it quickly abandoned and it is done in the operating room under sedation.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1989

Adjustable-suture strabismus surgery.

The indications and details of the adjustable strabismus surgery technique are described. General anaesthesia with adjustment in the immediate postoperative period as well as topical anaesthesia surgery were used. The results are discussed (56 patients).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Basic principles for strabismus reinterventions.

Fibro-elastic and mechanical factors are more important in reinterventions than in traditional strabismus surgery. It is imperative to detect them preoperatively and intraoperatively. For this purpose, the patient's personal history and complaints are analysed and some specific examination techniques are discussed such as the intraoperative eye position, the forced duction test, the muscle elasticity test and the spring back test.

Diplopia↗