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PubMed2000

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

In addition to maintaining the GenBank(R) nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval and resources that operate on the data in GenBank and a variety of other biological data made available through NCBI's Web site. NCBI data retrieval resources include Entrez, PubMed, LocusLink and the Taxonomy Browser. Data analysis resources include BLAST, Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, RefSeq, UniGene, Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP), Human Genome Sequencing pages, GeneMap'99, Davis Human-Mouse Homology Map, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP) pages, Entrez Genomes, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) pages, SAGEmap, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB). Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval resources that operate on the data in GenBank and a variety of other biological data made available through NCBI's Web site. NCBI data retrieval resources include Entrez, PubMed, LocusLink and the Taxonomy Browser. Data analysis resources include BLAST, Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP), Human Genome Sequencing, Human MapViewer, GeneMap'99, Human-Mouse Homology Map, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP), Entrez Genomes, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP), SAGEmap, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Online Mendelian Inheri-tance in Man (OMIM), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB) and the Conserved Domain Database (CDD). Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information: 2002 update.

In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval resources that operate on the data in GenBank and a variety of other biological data made available through NCBI's web site. NCBI data retrieval resources include Entrez, PubMed, LocusLink and the Taxonomy Browser. Data analysis resources include BLAST, Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP), Human Genome Sequencing, Human MapViewer, Human inverted exclamation markVMouse Homology Map, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP), Entrez Genomes, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, SAGEmap, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB) and the Conserved Domain Database (CDD). Augmenting many of the web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information: update.

In addition to maintaining the GenBank(R) nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data made available through NCBI's website. NCBI resources include Entrez, PubMed, PubMed Central, LocusLink, the NCBI Taxonomy Browser, BLAST, BLAST Link (BLink), Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, Spidey, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, ProtEST, dbMHC, dbSNP, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP), Entrez Genomes and related tools, the Map Viewer, Model Maker, Evidence Viewer, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, SARS Coronavirus Resource, SAGEmap, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB), the Conserved Domain Database (CDD) and the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool (CDART). Augmenting many of the web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data made available through NCBI's Web site. NCBI resources include Entrez, the Entrez Programming Utilities, My NCBI, PubMed, PubMed Central, Entrez Gene, the NCBI Taxonomy Browser, BLAST, BLAST Link(BLink), Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, Spidey, Splign, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, ProtEST, dbMHC, dbSNP, Cancer Chromosomes, Entrez Genome, Genome Project and related tools, the Trace and Assembly Archives, the Map Viewer, Model Maker, Evidence Viewer, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), Viral Genotyping Tools, Influenza Viral Resources, HIV-1/Human Protein Interaction Database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Entrez Probe, GENSAT, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB), the Conserved Domain Database (CDD), the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool (CDART) and the PubChem suite of small molecule databases. Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. These resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

PATRIC: the VBI PathoSystems Resource Integration Center.

The PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is one of eight Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infection Diseases (NIAID) to create a data and analysis resource for selected NIAID priority pathogens, specifically proteobacteria of the genera Brucella, Rickettsia and Coxiella, and corona-, calici- and lyssaviruses and viruses associated with hepatitis A and E. The goal of the project is to provide a comprehensive bioinformatics resource for these pathogens, including consistently annotated genome, proteome and metabolic pathway data to facilitate research into counter-measures, including drugs, vaccines and diagnostics. The project's curation strategy has three prongs: 'breadth first' beginning with whole-genome and proteome curation using standardized protocols, a 'targeted' approach addressing the specific needs of researchers and an integrative strategy to leverage high-throughput experimental data (e.g. microarrays, proteomics) and literature. The PATRIC infrastructure consists of a relational database, analytical pipelines and a website which supports browsing, querying, data visualization and the ability to download raw and curated data in standard formats. At present, the site warehouses complete sequences for 17 bacterial and 332 viral genomes. The PATRIC website (https://patric.vbi.vt.edu) will continually grow with the addition of data, analysis and functionality over the course of the project.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed1985

Resources for vocational planning applied to the job title of PHYSICAL THERAPIST.

Industrial rehabilitation is a rapidly developing area of health care. As a result, physical therapists need to become functionally familiar with common vocational planning processes and resources. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe a process called Vocational Diagnosis and Assessment of Residual Employability (VDARE), which is based on the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) and Classification of Jobs (COJ) resources. We have provided the DOT and COJ classifications for the job title of PHYSICAL THERAPIST as an example of their terminology. A critique of the DOT and COJ, applied to several occupational examples, suggests these resources be used with supplemental task analyses for a given job. The physical therapist, however, can use the VDARE process and the DOT and COJ resources to identify specific and achievable job targets for clients rather than relying solely on traditional trial and error, on-the-job evaluation.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed2004

Use of a corporate needs assessment to define the information requirements of an arthritis resource centre in Birmingham: comparison of patients' and professionals' views.

OBJECTIVES: Education and information are important components of the management of chronic disease, though provision of these in the routine clinic setting may be suboptimal. We carried out a corporate needs assessment, both to evaluate stakeholders' perceived usefulness of potential facilities that could be offered by a community-based arthritis resource centre in Birmingham and to compare the views of patients with rheumatological conditions and health professionals. METHODS: Rheumatology patients (n = 201 responders/309 contacted) and health professionals (n = 232/430) were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess both current rheumatology service provision and perceived needs for further information that could be offered within the proposed resource centre. Views of patients and professionals were compared using odds ratios. Logistic regression analysis determined patient characteristics associated with perceived usefulness of various information types. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 58%. Most patients were currently receiving medication but only 38% received written information on arthritis. Over 80% of responders felt that more information would be useful, particularly information in written leaflets. Compared with professionals, patients gave higher value to certain types of medical, non-medical, support and skills information, particularly individual information from trained volunteers, and specific information on benefits, diet and alternative therapy, and symptom management. Non-Caucasian patients gave higher value to the provision of material in different languages and the availability of multilingual volunteer staff. CONCLUSION: Rheumatology patients and professionals identified a relative lack of information for patients. There was wide interest in the provision of more information, with value placed on the provision of material in different languages, at an educational resource centre. This work has been used to develop the facilities currently offered at the Birmingham Arthritis Resource Centre. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of the provision of good quality information to patients with arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effortful cognitive resource allocation and negative symptom severity in chronic schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between negative symptoms, early visual information-processing deficits, and effortful processing resource allocation was investigated. METHODS: Older patients with chronic schizophrenia (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 71) participated. Pupillary responses were recorded during performance of the span of apprehension task (blocks of 3- and 10-letter arrays) as an index of resource allocation or mental effort during the task. RESULTS: Patients and controls showed larger pupillary responses in higher relative to lower processing loads both during array processing and just prior to array onset (preparation). Both groups, therefore, invested more cognitive effort preparing for and then processing larger arrays. A subgroup of patients with abnormally small pupillary responses and impaired performance showed greater negative symptom severity relative to a subgroup of patients with normal pupillary responses. Smaller pupillary responses in the patients were also significantly correlated with greater negative symptom severity, independent of positive symptom severity. Patients with reduced effortful resource allocation, therefore, exhibited greater negative symptomatology. A subgroup of patients with normal pupillary responses still showed impaired detection accuracy relative to controls, suggesting that reduced cognitive effort or resource allocation problems cannot account for impairments in early visual information processing in this subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: The study illustrates important relationships between cognitive effort and performance that can impact conclusions about the nature of cognitive impairments and associations between negative symptoms and neurocognition in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of sex education and information resources and their provision to adults with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sex education and information resources developed to address the sexual health concerns of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the means by which agencies have introduced this clinically sensitive program initiative. DESIGN: A process evaluation methodology was used to assess program reach, participant satisfaction, program component usage, and quality of materials. SUBJECTS: Two samples comprising multidisciplinary rehabilitation and disability staff (n = 37) from 36 brain injury agencies that had been utilizing the resources and 12 people with brain injury, respectively. SETTINGS: A diverse range of rehabilitation and community brain injury agencies. OUTCOME MEASURES: Two purpose-designed evaluation protocols for staff and consumers, respectively, and a readability analysis to assess the comprehensibility of program materials (eg, information sheets) for people with TBI. RESULTS: Agencies strongly endorsed their role in addressing consumer sexual health concerns. Agencies generally used a selective rather than a universal approach to sex education, with an average of 10% of consumers within agency caseloads receiving some intervention within the previous 12 months. The 4 issues most frequently addressed in education programs were sexual dysfunction, how to meet people, what is sexuality, and sexual adjustment in the context of established preinjury relationships. Finally, the average reading age needed to comprehend the resources was higher than the recommended levels for communicating health information. CONCLUSION: The sex education program resources have been positively evaluated by both rehabilitation and community agencies as a means of providing education and information to address the sexual health concerns of people with TBI.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Optimal resource allocation for novelty detection in a human auditory memory.

A theory of resource allocation for neuronal low-level filtering is presented, based on an analysis of optimal resource allocation in simple environments. A quantitative prediction of the theory was verified in measurements of the magnetic mismatch response (MMR), an auditory event-related magnetic response of the human brain. The amplitude of the MMR was found to be directly proportional to the information conveyed by the stimulus. To the extent that the amplitude of the MMR can be used to measure resource usage by the auditory cortex, this finding supports our theory that, at least for early auditory processing, energy resources are used in proportion to the information content of incoming stimulus flow.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Faculty development and human resources management in the academic medical setting.

Faculty members of academic medical centers are resources of the institution, and their maturation is part of the academic medical center's program of human resource development. Although the individual is ultimately responsible for his own development, programs of human resource management should be developed for academic medicine. Four basic areas have been suggested for these programs: professional development, institutional development, curricular change, and organizational change. Professional development is the area of most activity but is limited mainly to assessing the faculty member's teaching ability. Research aimed at the evaluation of clinical teaching is a relatively new field. Medical student and house officer evaluation, the use of videotapes, and the enlistment of educational consultants and technologists have begun, but there is little continuing research using these techniques and others at most institutions. The evaluation material is used to help the medical educator but only if the faculty member seeks out and uses the evaluation material to improve his teaching skills. As the educational process is linked more to the rewards system of the medical school, such as promotion, internal grants, and merit pay, motivation for improvement in instruction will be more universal. Medical academic human resource management will truly arrive only when the faculty members themselves perceive the need and desire it.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1995

Relationship of learned resourcefulness to measures of pain description, psychopathology and health behavior in a sample of chronic pain patients.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between the coping style of learned resourcefulness and the variables of pain description, pain locus of control, psychological distress, and health-care utilization. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, retrospective, correlational design was used. PATIENTS AND SETTING: The sample was comprised of 87 outpatients from a university-based, multidisciplinary pain clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-Control Schedule, pain intensity, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Pain Locus of Control Scale, SCL-90-R, Health-Care Utilization Questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that chronic pain patients obtained comparable resourcefulness ratings to normal subjects but there were wide individual differences. Consistent with theoretical predictions, resourcefulness was found to be associated with better psychological adjustment and less impulsive health-care measures. Results suggest that assessment of learned resourcefulness may be useful in predicting behavioral outcome in clinical settings with chronic pain patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Attention disturbance in clinical depression. Deficient distractor inhibition or processing resource deficit?

Cognitive impairments in depression have recently been proposed as secondary to more basic attentional disturbances. Studies have shown that performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test is impaired in depressives, but it is not clear whether this impairment reflects a primary distractor inhibition disturbance or a more global cognitive dysfunction, such as a reduction of processing resources. In the present study, unmedicated clinical depressives were evaluated using a computerized Stroop Color-Word Test and the Visuo-Spatial Interference Test, a selective attention task that makes fewer demands on resources. Compared with normal subjects, depressives presented increased choice reaction times (CRT) and interference in both tests. Correlations were found between CRT and interferences only in depressives, favoring the processing resource hypothesis. Further exploratory analysis comparing the more rapid depressives and the slower normal subjects on CRT revealed that although these subgroups had comparable CRT, rapid depressives still exhibited increased interference on the Visuo-Spatial Interference Test. Thus, in non- or mildly retarded patients, a specific distractor inhibition deficit was observed in absence of resource deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The religious needs and resources of psychiatric inpatients.

A recent survey of psychiatric research indicates religion has been given little attention, and when it has been considered, the measures have been simplistic. The present study was designed to describe the religious needs and resources of psychiatric inpatients. With the use of a multidimensional conception of religion and two established instruments, 51 adult psychiatric inpatients were surveyed about their religious needs and resources. For comparison, 50 general medical/surgical patients, matched for age and gender, were also surveyed. Eighty-eight percent of the psychiatric patients reported three or more current religious needs. Although there were no differences in religious needs between the two patient groups, there were significant differences in religious resources. Psychiatric patients had lower spiritual well-being scores and were less likely to have talked with their clergy. Religion is important for the psychiatric patients, but they may need assistance to find resources to address their religious needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Improving staffing with a resource management plan.

To change from a crisis to a proactive mode for staffing, scheduling, resource pool utilization, information management, and unit workload, nursing leaders developed a resource management plan. Changes that assisted in achieving that goal included: revision of department scheduling guidelines, elimination of day shift central supervisor, responsibility for daily staffing moved to unit-based managers, creation of a staffing model for the nursing resource pool staff, establishment of ideal complement of positions for every unit, expectation for unit to meet its staffing model every shift, reinforced department efforts to fill vacant positions, participation in computerized databases to study the use of resources, and identified critical staffing indicators for each unit.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1999

World Wide Web resources for perinatal nursing.

The article provides practical guidelines on how to access and search for information resources on topics related to perinatal nursing on the World Wide Web. Categorized listings of key information sites include major relevant databases and bibliographies, electronic journals, sites relevant to perinatal nursing, and community health resources. The Web provides an excellent information resource for health care professionals and the public to gain practical clinical knowledge and to access research resources. Internet technology has altered the way data are perceived and presented because of the speed with which complex data manipulations are now possible and on account of the vast quantities of data involved.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1998

Trauma patients with multiple extremity injuries: resource utilization and long-term outcome in relation to injury severity scores.

BACKGROUND: Trauma patients with multiple extremity injuries (MEI) make heavy demands on hospital resources and face long-term difficulties in rehabilitation, yet the literature contains little about their treatment as a distinct group. METHODS: In this study, a cohort of 54 patients with MEI, all treated at a Level I trauma center, was compared with a trauma control (TC) group that had major injuries not focused at the extremities (but excluding patients with neurologic sequelae of head or spinal cord injuries). Demographic features, primary measures reflecting utilization of hospital resources, return-to-employment and productivity data, and health-related quality of life scores (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were compared. RESULTS: Although mean Injury Severity Scores (ISS) for the MEI and TC groups were almost identical (16.2 and 17.4, respectively), the patients with MEI had a mean hospital stay almost twice as long (25 vs. 13 days) and had double the resource intensity weight compared with the TC group. After discharge, the trend of the MEI group was to greater long-term disability, based on SF-36 scores, and lower "return to productivity" figures. The ISS did not predict the greater demands on resources made by the MEI group relative to our TC group. Main injury severity scores for the extremities were more predictive than the ISS for length of hospital stay and the SF-36 concepts at the 2-year follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the need for injury scoring systems that better predict the needs of patients with MEI and that will serve as a basis for equitable funding of trauma centers.

Adolescent↗