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PubMed1986

Neuroleptics and reserpine in refractory psychoses.

This retrospective review of the naturalistic use of reserpine in combination with neuroleptics for symptoms refractory to neuroleptics and lithium demonstrated a moderate to dramatic response rate in 50% of 36 chronically disabled psychotic patients. Observed improvement was in marked contrast to the baseline pattern of chronically persistent psychotic symptoms and poor functioning in these patients. Female patients and patients with schizoaffective or bipolar diagnoses responded best to treatment. Reserpine may be an underutilized adjunctive treatment for refractory psychotic states, and further investigation into its clinical applications is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of reserpine on the circadian dynamics of motor activity in rats].

Administration of reserpine to rats lowers the amplitude of circadian rhythm of motor activity and shifts its acrophase to earlier hours. Efficiency of drug is higher in animals with a well expressed circadian rhythms. Some rats by the character of initial circadian mobility resemble reserpinized animals. Such initially "depressive" rats are characterized by a lesser emotionality and they reorganize with more difficulty the trajectory of avoidance response in Y-maze.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV absorption detectors in series.

A procedure is presented for the determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography (LC). Reference and sample solutions are prepared in methanol. For LC, a normal phase column is used, methanol is the eluting solvent, and 2 detectors are arranged in series. A fluorescence detector set at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and emission wavelength of 360 nm quantitates reserpine, and a UV absorption detector set at 345 nm determines hydrochlorothiazide. Several synthetic mixtures containing the 2 ingredients in the amounts approximately present in commercial tablets were analyzed by the proposed method. Two samples of commercial tablets were also analyzed; for each sample, 5 determinations were made on a ground composite of 20 tablets; 10 individual tablets were also analyzed. For comparison, some of the solutions were analyzed for each ingredient by an alternative procedure.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Studies on the gastroulcerogenic effects of pylorus ligation, hypothermic restraint stress, aspirin, indomethacin and reserpine in morphine dependent rats.

The gastric mucosal damage induced by pylorus ligation for 6 h, hypothermic restraint stress, aspirin, indomethacin and reserpine was studied in morphine dependent rats. Morphine tolerance and dependence were produced by administering the gradually increasing concentrations of morphine sulphate in drinking water for 21-24 days. The tolerance and dependence produced by morphine were confirmed by a decreased analgesic response to morphine in the hot plate test and by producing a naloxone precipitated withdrawal syndrome respectively. The intensity of gastric mucosal damage induced by pylorus ligation, aspirin and indomethacin was significantly higher in morphine dependent rats than that observed in the naive animals. Studies on the gastric secretion did not reveal any significant change in the volume of gastric secretion, titrable acidity and gastric output of 6 h pylorus ligated rats. The average lesion scores in the reserpine treated and hypothermic restraint stressed rats were not significantly different from those obtained in the naive animals. Further studies are required to establish the exact mechanisms underlying these observations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Age characteristics of the development of a reserpine model of parkinsonism in rats].

The studies were performed on 9-month- and 26-month-old rats. Electrodes were implanted into the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. It has been found that with ageing the greatest decrease in the background electrical activity was found in n. caudatus and the least in globus pallidus. Old rats showed the signs of relative extrapyramidal insufficiency, i. e. hypokinesia and enhanced tremor. Due to 7-day reserpine administration the adult animals developed a marked hypokinesia, while the old rats showed an enhanced tremor. The author has found qualitative age-dependent differences in the changes of the electrical activity of the structures in question, as well as the interdependence between the initial electrical activity of n. caudatus of old rats and their death following reserpine administration.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[Study of the potential carcinogenic activity of reserpine].

A single dose of 2.5 mg/kg body of reserpine was injected subcutaneously (once a week) or given per os (2-5 times a week) to 100 rats and 100 mice of local breeding throughout their life-time. Another 100 rats and 100 mice in control received only sunflower oil used as a vehicle. Tumor incidence rates were 34.6 (sc injection), 40 (per os) and 7.8% (control). The differences in the percentage values were significant. Tumor frequency in mice for subcutaneous and oral treatment was 24 and 43%, respectively, which was significantly higher than in controls (6.3 and 10%, respectively). Experimental animals revealed a tendency towards a shorter period of tumor latency. Rats developed mostly pheochromocytoma of the adrenals, whatever the route of administration, mice-mammary neoplasms. Other localizations of tumor were also found. The results point to reserpine's slight carcinogenic effect on rats and mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A case of progressive hemichorea responsive to high-dose reserpine.

A 74-year-old woman developed a slowly progressive hemichorea starting 3 weeks after discontinuation of low-dose amitriptyline and perphenazine. The duration of neuroleptic exposure was 3 months. The chorea was initially well controlled on 5.25 mg/day of reserpine, but after 21 months, required 2.0 mg/day. No complications of reserpine occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Reserpine in propranolol-resistant thyroid storm.

beta-Adrenergic blockers are considered the drugs of choice in the management of the hyperadrenergic state in hyperthyroidism. However, we observed a patient in thyroid storm and coma who failed to respond to large doses of oral and intravenous propranolol hydrochloride but who responded promptly to intramuscular reserpine. Reserpine may have been lifesaving and should be considered in propranolol-resistant hyperthyroidism and in hyperthyroid patients in whom propranolol is contraindicated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[Creatine phosphokinase release from perfused cardiac muscle under hypoxic conditions. Effect of propranolol, verapamil, reserpine and deslanoside].

Experiments were undertaken to determine if some drugs (propranolol, reserpine, verapamil and deslanoside) have an effect on CPK release from hypoxic heart muscle. Hypoxia was induced in isolated Langerdorff perfused rabbit hearts by gassing the perfusate with 95% N2 + 5% CO2. Hypoxic induced damage of the rabbit heart muscle has been quantited in terms of the relase of the intracellular enzymes creatinephosphokinase (CPK) into the extracellular space. Propranolol was either added at the start of the hypoxic perfusion or the rabbit were pretreated with it. Verpamil, dl-propranolol and reserpine provided protection evidenced by a reduction of hypoxic induced CPK release, while lanatoside C and d-propranolol failed to prevent the hypoxic muscle from releasing CPK.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Reaction performance, motor coordination performance and findings in hypertensive patients under diisopropylamine and reserpine therapy].

In 64 male hypertonics the reaction and coordination functions and the condition were standardized and compared before and after a four weeks ambulatory treatment with diisopropylamine (3 times 200 mg a day) and reserpine (3 times 0.25 mg a day). The two medicaments achieved good blood pressure reducing effects. Since in reserpine the therapeutic effect later appeared, fatigue and need for sleep were more frequent and continuous, in older patients still after a treatment of four weeks right and temporary reactions decreased, wrong reaction increased and the aim accelerated, is concluded that here in particular in the behaviour of older people more frequently a longer lasting disturbance is probable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increase of Bmax-values of beta-adrenoceptor sites after chronic treatment with reserpine?

After treatment of rats with 5 x 0.5 mg/kg/d reserpine in membrane preparations from the parotid gland no increase in the total number of beta-adrenoceptors (Bmax) was observed using the antagonist ligand (-)3H-dihydroalprenolol. There occurred, however, a pronounced increase of the high affinity agonist binding component. Thus, it appears that not the absolute number of beta-adrenoceptor sites but the relative amount of high affinity sites is most sensitive against the sensitization process. The results are in contrast to those of other authors. We suspect that increases of Bmax-values after reserpine can be simulated by the loss of noradrenaline whereas in control membranes noradrenaline is still bound to the adrenoceptors thus preventing the radioactive ligand from access to these sites. We highly recommend to use preincubation methods prior to ligand binding studies in order to remove endogenous ligands still bound to the high affinity site of the beta-adrenoceptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Increase of dopamine synthesis in synaptosomes from rats treated with neuroleptics or reserpine.

Dopamine (DA) synthesis in rat striatum was increased three- to four-fold by in vivo treatment with gammabutyrolactone (GBL), reserpine, haloperidol and (-)sulpiride. DA synthesis in striatal synaptosomes (measured by formation of 14CO2 from labelled tyrosine) did not change after GBL and only doubled after reserpine and neuroleptic administration. The increase of synaptosomal DA synthesis was proportional to and probably due to kinetic activation of tyrosine hydroxylase which, after neuroleptic drugs, remained activated for at least 15 min in synaptosomal incubations at 37 degree C.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1984

Effect of desmethylimipramine and reserpine on the concentration of specific proteins in the parietal cortex and the hippocampus of rats as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

The effect of desmethylimipramine (DMI) and reserpine on the concentration of specific proteins in the parietal cortex and the hippocampus of rats was assessed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with computer-assisted scanning densitometry. Chronic administration of DMI for 3 weeks was found to produce a significant reduction in the concentration of two proteins in both brain regions examined. Both of these proteins have a molecular weight of approximately 57,000 daltons and isoelectric point of 6.2 to 6.3. A third, smaller protein (MW 28,000 daltons, isoelectric point 5.9) was increased in concentration in rats treated repeatedly with DMI. Acute drug treatment was, in all three cases, found to be without effect. In contrast, chronic treatment of rats with reserpine produced effects on these three proteins in the hippocampus which were quantitatively opposite to those obtained after chronic DMI administration. Again, acute drug treatment was without effect. These results demonstrate that chronic, but not acute, administration of agents affecting noradrenergic reactivity can also have an effect on the concentration of specific proteins within the central nervous system and are of interest in view of the known effects of these drugs on neurotransmitter and enzyme systems in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Changes in beta adrenergic receptors in submaxillary glands of chronically reserpine- or isoproterenol-treated rats.

Submaxillary glands of rats, chronically treated with isoproterenol or reserpine undergo morphological and functional alterations. These changes have been described to resemble those seen in human cystic fibrosis. Since it has been proposed that the beta adrenergic-mediated response is altered in exocrine glands of cystic fibrosis patients, we have examined whether the drug-induced alterations in rat salivary glands were accompanied by changes in the numbers and affinities of beta adrenergic receptor sites. Beta receptor characteristics were determined by means of direct binding studies with the beta adrenergic antagonist [3H]dihydroalprenolol. Compared to controls, specific binding capacities of [3H]dihydroalprenolol per unit of protein increased by 110 +/- 14% after reserpine treatment and decreased by 34 +/- 11% after isoproterenol administration (P less than .001). The difference in the number of receptor sites remained statistically significant whether expressed per gram of fresh weight or per unit of the membrane marker 5'-nucleotidase activity. Dissociation constants of the binding were not significantly different between the treatment groups. The observed changes in the number of beta receptors showed an inverse relationship to the drug-induced presumed changes of catecholamine concentrations at the receptor sites. This suggests the existence of a feedback system which maintains the balance within the autonomous nervous system. We speculate that in cystic fibrosis this adaptive system is genetically abnormal.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. Interaction of reserpine and apomorphine.

The effect of apomorphine (1 mg/kg egg weight) on a base of the pre-administration of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg e.w.) 30 min or 2 or 4 hours previously was studied in chick embryos from the 13th to 19th day of incubation. Only the depressant effect of apomorphine was manifested in 13-day embryos. In 15-day embryos summation of the depressant effect of both drugs was recorded for the first time. In 17-day and especially 19-day embryos apomorphine raised the frequency of spontaneous movements high above the level of reserpine-induced depression of motor activity. This activating effect of apomorphine depended upon the supraspinal parts of the CNS, as it disappeared in 17-day embryos after decentralization of the spinal cord (particularly after chronic decapitation). We consider these findings to be further experimental evidence of the participation of catecholaminergic (in particular dopaminergic) central systems in supraspinal control of embryonic motor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of selective inhibitors of noradrenaline and serotonin uptake on reserpine- and apomorphine induced hypothermia in mice.

The antidepressant action of combined treatment with selective inhibitors of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5HT) uptake was investigated using the reserpine and apomorphine hypothermia tests. Desipramine and maprotiline, NA uptake inhibitors, but not fluoxetine and citalopram, selective 5HT uptake inhibitors, antagonized the hypothermias. A combination of NA and 5HT uptake inhibitors antagonized reserpine hypothermia less effectively than the inhibitor of NA uptake alone. The apomorphine hypothermia was antagonized similarly by a NA uptake inhibitor given alone and in combination with a 5HT uptake inhibitor. The results indicate that for antidepressant (antireserpine and antiapomorphine) effect the essential role is played by a noradrenergic mechanism, while the serotonergic mechanism may even produce opposite effect.

Animals↗