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Results for “Reality Therapy”

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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Possibilities for inclusion of group music therapeutic methods in the treatment of psychotic patients].

Four types of music therapy (listening, singing, dancing and playing instruments) which can be combined to obtain a "graduated group-centred music therapy" are investigated in regard of their methodological and didactical organisation and their effects on a group of schizophrenics. Each of the therapy types acts in a different way on the variables "anxiety" and "activity". It seems possible to influence these variables during group-centered treatment and to lead the group towards modes of communication and behaviour that are more appropriate to reality.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Precipitating factors in lymphedema: myths and realities.

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema is an all too common occurrence following breast carcinoma therapy. Despite its prevalence, the predisposing factors to the development of this secondary form of lymphedema remain poorly understood. METHODS: Several studies have addressed these questions and are reviewed here. RESULTS: Treatment factors that appear to predispose to the late, subjective appearance of lymphedema include the extent of axillary surgery and exposure to high dose axillary radiotherapy, particularly when combined with surgical clearance of the axilla. Other pertinent patient factors may include the presence of hypertension and exposure to airline travel. Clinical features unrelated to the risk of lymphedema development include patient age; drug therapy; time interval to presentation, surgery, or radiotherapy to the breast; total dose of radiation; and menopausal status. The potential importance of concomitant venous abnormalities in these patients is worthy of consideration. CONCLUSIONS: Breast carcinoma-related secondary lymphedema is an important subjective and functional problem for affected patients. Additional research into the predisposing factors to this common problem is likely to foster enhanced patient education and to produce more efficacious measures to control this disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and aspirin interaction in congestive heart failure: fear or reality?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have become the cornerstone of therapy for congestive heart failure (CHF). Because ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of CHF, aspirin is frequently given concomitantly with ACE inhibitors in patients with CHF. Increased bradykinin levels, with the consequent enhanced synthesis of vasodilatory prostaglandins, appear to mediate a significant benefit of ACE inhibitor therapy in these patients. In contrast, aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, and thereby suppresses prostaglandin production. Thus, these counteracting effects on prostaglandins may result in antagonism between ACE inhibitor and aspirin therapy in heart failure patients. Several early reports questioned the safety of aspirin in CHF, and the potential antagonistic interaction between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in patients with heart failure has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate. This article briefly highlights the theoretic considerations underlying this interaction, and reviews the available evidence for such an interaction from clinical trials.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

Future directions of laser phototherapy for diagnosis and treatment of malignancies: fantasy, fallacy, or reality?

A new and highly promising adjunctive modality for the diagnosis and therapy of malignancies is under development using lasers and tumor targeting dyes. To reach the eventual goal of clinical treatment, several current "fantasies and fallacies" regarding laser applications in medicine must be identified and their problems clearly outlined. A multidisciplinary scientific approach is also required to enable the clinical practicality of this laser targeting approach. Many new dyes and laser wavelengths are being tested to improve specific tumor uptake and/or retention, lower systemic toxicity, increase tissue penetration, and identify fluorochromes with synergistic properties to further enhance laser tumoricidal effects. Rapid technological advancements in magnetic resonance imaging may now provide an extremely sensitive way to detect and monitor laser-tissue effects, and allow efficient interstitial laser phototherapy of deep and sometimes inaccessible tumors. The current and future prospectives of the emerging field of laser phototherapy are described.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Reperfusion arrhythmias during coronary thrombolysis: clinical reality or experimental curiosity?].

To determine the arrhythmogenic impact of the fibrinolytic therapy during acute myocardial infarction, we have revised 9 clinical series published between 1983 and 1992 including a total number of 2,091 patients, and we have discussed the data according to the factors that modulate the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias. All patients had an acute myocardial infarction that began 3 to 6 hours before admission and in all instances fibrinolytic treatment consisted of intravenous or intracoronary streptokinase infusion. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) during thrombolytic therapy occurred in 8 (4%) out of 188 patients with angiographically documented reopening of the occluded coronary artery. The mean incidence of VF was 0-17% among all series. The overall incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) was 19%, whereas that the incidence of slow VT (idioventricular rhythm) was 39%. Sinus bradycardia was not systematically analyzed in the present series, but the presence of sinus bradycardia and arterial hypotension (Bezold-Jarisch reflex) was considered to be indicative of myocardial reperfusion specially in cases of acute inferior myocardial infarction. We conclude that in contrast to experimental models of coronary reperfusion, fibrinolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction has a low arrhythmogenic potential.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[For a logic of the psychotic experience].

The psychotic experience is often seen as qualitatively different from normality. Empirical data show that psychotic symptoms have to be described on a continuum between normality and psychosis. A model of construction of delusional ideas starting from making sense of perceptual aberrations integrating reasoning styles, personal and cultural variables is presented. This model also show how delusional ideas are maintained through bias of selection and behaviors associated with delusional ideas which are naturally reinforced in natural environments. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) for psychotic symptoms is a validated psychological set of techniques useful to treat persistent psychotic symptoms. CBT is presented as a five steps intervention including: engagement and assessment, education and normalization of psychotic symptoms, verbal questioning of evidences supporting the beliefs, reality testing and consolidation.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Expression of adenovirally delivered gene products in healing osseous tissues.

Gene therapy has moved from the promise of laboratory investigation to the reality of clinical practice in just the last decade. Various methods for delivery of genes to host cells have been developed and utilized both in vitro and in vivo. From the perspective of the plastic surgeon, gene therapy holds the promise to augment healing in clinical situations that remain difficult to treat, such as chronic wounds, osteoradionecrosis, or possibly to expedite current clinical practices, such as distraction osteogenesis. The authors chose to investigate the potential for gene therapy in osseous tissues using a replication-deficient adenovirus vector to deliver the marker transgene beta-galactosidase. An adenovirus vector is ideal for use in situations in which transgene expression is desired for only a relatively short period of time, such as wound and fracture healing. Utilizing a rat mandibular osteotomy model, they demonstrated that, using an adenoviral vector, foreign genes can be delivered in a simple fashion and can be expressed in a reliable manner within and around the osteotomy site for at least 10 days. Furthermore, there was no evidence of transfection of distant tissues associated with local application of the adenovirus vector. With this information, clinicians may now attempt to deliver osteogenic and angiogenic genes in a site-specific fashion to improve and expedite osseous healing.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2006

[Difficult asthma].

Difficult asthma is a major issue in pulmonary medicine today because of its cost for patients and society. Difficult asthma is asthma that remains uncontrolled despite optimal specialist management. The validity of the diagnosis must be reconsidered in these cases: associated or differential diagnoses may be involved in the lack of control, and it is always necessary to assess the patient's treatment adhesion. Sufficient time--at least a year--must be taken to get to know the patient and to meet the objectives set. The standard asthma therapies should be tested objectively. Severe asthma is the reality of difficult asthma that endures despite a reaffirmed diagnosis, optimal compliance and controlled comorbidities. Better knowledge is needed of the pathophysiology of these patients' asthma. Improved knowledge of these phenotypes will make it possible to develop innovative treatments. They will need to be validated in clinical research for subsequent use that is wider but more rational because targeted at phenotypes likely to benefit from them.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Electroconvulsive therapy from a social work perspective.

The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the social work literature which has not, to date, included a thorough discussion of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) from a social work perspective. It discusses the rationale for ECT in current practice; enumerates improvements made in stimulus delivery since convulsive therapy was introduced in 1934; and summarizes the myths, realities, advantages and limitations of the treatment in modern psychiatry. It advocates a team approach, which includes social work support and education of the patient and family regarding treatment related matters and discharge planning. Several clinical vignettes are included to illustrate the types of illness for which ECT is used as well as the social work role with the team and patient/family during hospitalization and discharge planning. The Ontario College of Certified Social Workers Guidelines are used to explain social work interventions. The paper is also relevant to social workers in non-psychiatric settings in understanding and planning with patients and families where a member has experienced ECT.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2002

[Eugen Bleulers propositions to psychiatric treatment].

The historical review of Eugen Bleulers concepts and proposals to treatment in psychiatry, generally and especially for schizophrenia, covers the years between his inaugural lecture 1898 as professor of psychiatry at the University of Zurich to his last edition of his textbook 1937. Already at the beginning of his career as professor in Zurich, he had a very intimate knowledge of psychiatric patients from his 12 years as director of the Mental Hospital Rheinau (near Zurich) where he lived as a bachelor with his patients in the same building. In his inaugural lecture, Bleuler already discussed very practical problems of psychiatric service. e.g. work, employment, marriage, situation in patient's family, housing, occupational therapy etc. Working in the group of other patients should help to re-establish the relationship to the common reality and the society. Psychotherapy for schizophrenics was mentioned in 1911 as the only serious therapy, but was not further elaborated. In 1939, Bleuler was much more sceptical concerning the realistic possibilities of an efficient psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Psychoanalysis would only allow a psychological understanding of some symptoms in schizophrenia but would be unable to contribute to a theory of the underlying pathogenesis. In his view, schizophrenia has its own inherent development. This resignation concerning constructive and efficient therapy dominates his confession even in his last lecture when retiring 1927. Considering the paucity of therapeutic possibilities, Bleuler underlined the importance of prophylactic eugenic strategies.

Germany↗