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PubMedDate not supplied

Notes on the potential differentiation of borderline conditions.

It is argued that the borderline personality organization as now conceived embraces a spectrum of differentiable diagnostic groupings. Lumping these diagnostic clusters under a single descriptive heading contributes to continuing conceptual ambiguities and theoretical confusion in the understanding of borderline psychopathology. A potential differentiation of borderline entities on clinical grounds is suggested. The bases for discrimination of higher-order borderline conditions versus lower-order conditions are explored. Current accounts of borderline pathology tend to focus on lower-order pathology as characteristic, but do not account for the full range of the borderline spectrum. Other potential discriminations between an hysterical continuum and an obsessional-schizoid continuum are explored. Differential diagnoses suggested include pseudoschizophrenia, psychotic character, borderline personality, and primitive hysteric in the hysterical continuum; schizoid personality, false-self organization, and as-if personality in the schizoid continuum. The syndrome of identity diffusion is also suggested as part of the borderline spectrum.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of Kleinian contributions to psychoanalysis. III. The Kleinian theory of ego psychology and object relations.

The Kleinian theory of ego psychology rests largely on the theory of internal object relations formed through projective identification and re-introjection, and how they undergo transformations from the paranoid-schizoid to the depressive positions via the capacity of the maternal container to transform her infant's "paranoid" content into sobering awareness of truth. It differs from the classical theory in terms of the initial emphasis on projective identification and the only gradually developing importance of introjection of the external world of reality. This contribution develops the Kleinian metapsychology of ego formation from the succession of the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions, which are the phenomenological-experimental equivalents of Mahler's autistic, symbiotic, and separation-individuation phases of development. It seeks also to develop the Kleinian conception of narcissism and compare it to the classical one.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1983

[Logic of delusional person misidentification. "Mental illness" as disorder of subjective time].

The two types of delusional misinterpretation of persons described by Pauleikhoff (1954) are here examined under the hypothesis that the so-called mental illnesses are disruptions of the subjective conceptions of time. It is assumed that concrete subjective time normally develops from the dialectic relationship between predictive-emanative and retrospective-evolutive time structures. The delusional misinterpretation of an unknown person as a familiar person arises from the exclusively emanative interpretation of the perception of another individual (who is developing evolutively). In the delusional misinterpretation of a known person as an unknown person, on the other hand, other persons cannot be perceived as independent subjects developing evolutively. In addition the sick person produces a purely emanative interpretation by experiencing the person perceived as his own physical area of reality. Such considerations, especially when applied to endogenous psychoses, open new avenues for the study of subjective time-pathologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Rain and the urge to urinate: clinical observations concerning external events, surmounted impulses and repression.

During a time of heavy rainfall a number of patients produced dreams, associations, new symptoms and memories, involving sexual impulses expressed through the urge to urinate. Sensory stimulation associated with the rains activated trains of thought that approached previously unconscious contents. The urge to urinate cannot be repressed, but can be surmounted. Sexual fantasies based upon the act of urination may escape being tested against reality by being regarded as surmounted rather than impossible. The connexion with a surmounted, non-sexual impulse permits the sexual one to survive in repressed form, and at the same time creates a point of contact with conscious mental life, leaving open the possibility of elicitation by external stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Intellectual realism: implications for investigations of perceptual perspective taking in young children.

To examine the hypothesis that children's difficulties on traditional perspective-taking tasks are in part due to intellectual realism (inappropriately including what is known to exist in a representation of what is seen), 60 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children were asked to select representations of various arrangements of blocks. In "visible" arrays, all blocks were visible to subjects; in "hidden" arrays, some blocks were occluded from view. Arrays were presented as already complete ("finished") or were constructed in front of the child ("unfinished"). Consistent with the proposed role of intellectual realism, children performed virtually perfectly on the visually simple (hidden) arrays when presented in finished form but erred on these same arrays when first presented in the unfinished condition. On visible arrays in which what is known to exist is fully congruent with what is actually seen, no difference between finished and unfinished conditions was found. These findings suggest that intellectual realism does influence performance on traditional perspective-taking tasks.

Child Development↗
PubMed1981

[Rehabilitation through social communities. Continuing the contribution to Die Rehabilitation 15 (1976) 207-216 (author's transl)].

The author holds the following theses: Rehabilitation is characterised by stigmatisation and isolation rather than by a holistic approach aimed at achieving partnership and through their own life performance, as a rule give an example of a social community: there are no marginal groups, unless the individual and his or her family conceive themselves as outsiders or marginal groups, and choose this situation as outsiders or marginal groups. and choose this situation to continue. What is desirable, however, is that joint efforts be made towards partnership. The route to reaching this aim --implies new standards in the sense of a higher degree of scientific orientation; --utilises life as a vehicle of cognition, and as an experimental activity undertaken by the cognizing individual; --is being put to the test of reality in the examples for integrated group cooperation within "workplace families", conceived as the basis for the development of "neighbourhood families", local groupings and so on in close interrelation with existing facilities and services.

Germany, East↗
PubMed1981

Transference, psychic reality, and countertransference.

A return to Freud's broader concepts of transference and psychic reality as general psychological principles would include applying both concepts to the analyst as well as to the patient and thus obviate the need for the concept of countertransference.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1981

[Psychosis and grammatical reality. Preliminary to an axiomatic system].

This paper is elaborated in the same order of those who developpe the idea that, Psychosis is pleaded as an alibi of a totalitarian reality (Psychosis alibi). So it may allow to disengage the evolution of the Psychiatry outside of the anti-psychiatry ideologies. The main subject of this work, is to analyse the gap between the Reality which includes the psychosis as a part of herself (Psychosis as disease). On the second hand the Reality of the psychosis from the psycho-pathologic point of view (delirium, hallucinations, autism, etc...). Considering the importance of the formal grammatical functions in the linguistic matter to site the reference to the reality according to the rules of the communication and the oral expression; so we propose a grammatical analysis. Two parts are distinguishable in this work. The first part concerns a review of languages proposed in different psychiatric "theorization" established previously about mental disorder. So it could be considered that the psychosis is the one who "speaks" the psychiatry. The second part concerns an abstract of the "semiotiques" studies by which we can tackle the psychosis with a scientific language: The Psychiatric "speaking" the psychosis not the opposite. This way of analyse allows to realize the modifications in the part of both protagonists in the game. By the same way, it authorizes to introduce the psychiatry from the axiomatic point of view, allowing a self-contained definition as a branch of the medicine, and disengaging his subject: The psychosis; as a syntactic subject.

Humans↗