Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Artificial respiration in patients with acute severe asthma. Mode of ventilation and survival].

The purpose of the study was to register the treatment, mode of ventilation and mortality of patients with acute severe asthma treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in a Danish intensive care unit (ICU) during a ten-year period. Fifty-seven patients underwent ventilation on 78 occasions. Fifty-three patients were ventilated with controlled hypoventilation and low PEEP, while four patients were treated with high PEEP. One of the 53 patients receiving controlled hypoventilation and two of the four patients who received high PEEP developed a pneumothorax. All the patients were treated with intravenous steroid and infusion of a beta 2-agonist. Eighty-eight point three per cent received an infusion of theophylline whereas only 16.9% were treated with inhalation of a beta 2-agonist. Eight patients already had irreversible brain damage due to cardiac arrest before arrival to the ICU. Seven of these patients died due to brain damage. All the patients who reached the ICU without brain damage survived. After discharge from the hospital increased mortality was observed among these patients. Some of the patients died due to underestimation from doctors as well as patients of the severity of the asthma. Patients with acute severe asthma requiring IPPV should be ventilated with controlled hypoventilation. A high PEEP is associated with an increased risk of barotrauma. Continuing education of doctors and patients is necessary to increase the use of objective airflow measurement.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Artificial respiration of premature infants].

Better understanding of respiratory physiology and progress in ventilator technology have contributed to improved mortality and morbidity of premature neonates. Yet, pulmonary complications remain high and there is no consensus about the optimal regimen of mechanical ventilation. We report our satisfactory 10-year experience with conventional mechanical ventilation based on a relatively low incidence of pulmonary barotrauma. The introduction of surfactant has facilitated the ventilatory management of premature neonates since the usually rapid improvement of the acute lung disease after surfactant administration allows for earlier weaning from mechanical ventilation. However, our own results and the results from most surfactant studies show no significant reduction in the incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage. Thus, though mechanical ventilation and surfactant administration are milestones in neonatal therapeutic management, the problems encountered in very low birth weight neonates both with respect to mortality and morbidity have not been generally solved and underline the role of optimal perinatal management.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1986

Brain death.

Following the research of Giessen Neurosurgery on primary and secondary lesions of the hypothalamo-pituitary system and the brainstem over a period of more than 30 years, cerebral failure and death does not represent a uniform syndrome but consists of several, well characterized syndromes of irreversible hypothalamo-pituitary, mesencephalic and bulbar failure. The specific syndromes are described in detail. The diagnosis is based on establishing complete irreversible damage of specific vital basal functions such as hypothalamo-pituitary transmission, water- and electrolyte metabolism, temperature regulation, circulation and respiration. The common feature of all types is the irreversible break-down of the complex central neurogenous and/or neurohumoral regulatory system. The permanent and irreversible loss of central regulation and modulation means at the same time the complete cessation of the specific human cortical function, the death of the whole brain. Only in bulbar failure with primary irreversible cessation of respiration artificial respiration can maintain the autonomous functions of the heart for a limited time. It is indicated when organ explantation is to be considered. Complete and irreversible isolated loss of cortical function abolishes the normal human life, but does not mean death of the remaining vegetating human being.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1991

Intracranial pressure responses during hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

The responses of intracranial pressure (ICP) to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and arterial gas pressures were investigated. ICP was measured through a ventricular or spinal drainage catheter in patients with brain tumor or cerebrovascular disease. Changes in ICP, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) or oxygen (PtcO2) were recorded continuously during air or 100% O2 breathing at 1 and 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA). HR and PtcCO2 decreased and mean ABP was unchanged during HBO inhalation. ICP was reduced at the beginning and tended to increase gradually during HBO inhalation. The change from air to O2 without altering respiratory frequency and volume caused a gradual increase of ICP and PtcCO2 with a transient ICP reduction in an artificially respirated patient. Intentionally reduced respiration to maintain PtcCO2 at the value at 2.5 ATA with air caused the ICP to return to near the value at 2.5 ATA with air even during HBO inhalation. These findings suggest that reduced ICP is initially due to direct cerebral vasoconstriction caused by hyperoxia and is maintained mainly by induced hypocapnia during HBO inhalation. Care is required when giving HBO therapy to patients with a high ICP and/or who are respirated artificially.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sudden cardiac death].

Sudden death occurs unexpectedly, within 24 hours after the onset of subjective symptoms with or without known preexisting conditions. According to Framingham Heart Study, during a 20-year follow-up, 13% of deceased have died of sudden death. Most frequently it occurs in the first 6 months in infants and in the period 45-75 years of age. In more than 80% of cases sudden death is caused by coronary disease, while in 5% of cases the cause is cerebrovascular insult. The mechanism of sudden death is ventricular fibrillation in 65-85%, ventricular tachycardia in 7-10% and electromechanical dissociation in 20-30%. Sometimes sudden death may be caused iatrogenically, by drug intoxication, catheterization and reflex mechanisms--vasovagal reflex and sinus caroticus reflex. Pathoanatomical finding can be positive on myocardium like fibrosis, edema, individual necrosis, cell infiltration or it can be unchanged. In cases of heart failure, resuscitation is performed: airway maintenance, artificial respiration, artificial circulation, drug therapy and electrotherapy. Prevention of sudden death means detection of high-risk patients and application of medical treatment in order to postpone it. Coronary patients with sustained myocardial infarction and ejection fraction lower than 30% and registered tachycardia represent high-risk patients.

Death, Sudden, Cardiac↗
PubMed1989

[Outpatient clinic treatment of broncho-obstructive syndrome using an artificial regulator of respiration].

The artificial respiration regulator (ARR) employed by the authors belongs to the series of analogous apparatuses rendering resistance to expiration and preventing hyperventilation in broncho-obstructive syndromes. The device used is more compact and simple in management. It promotes improvement in the condition of patients with severe forms of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis complicated by expiration, stenosis, permits discontinuation of drugs and hormones in the majority of patients. ARR is believed efficient in the outpatient treatment of broncho-obstructive syndrome.

Ambulatory Care↗