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PubMed1986

Reimplantation in infection. Elution of gentamicin from cement and beads.

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the arthroplasty fluid, serum, and urine antibiotic levels in 38 patients implanted with gentamicin-impregnated cement and in 18 patients with gentamicin-impregnated beads. Radioimmune assays were performed on arthroplasty fluid, serum, and urine samples at various times after surgery. On day 1, high arthroplasty fluid levels of gentamicin were eluted from bead-implanted patients (mean, 36.9 micrograms/ml; range, 19.6-69.5) and cement-implanted patients (mean, 14.9 micrograms/ml; range, 2.7-38.9) with very low serum and urine levels. The arthroplasty levels of gentamicin obtained in bead-implanted patients on day 1 were 17 times higher, and in cement-implanted patients, seven times higher, than those obtained with intravenous administration of gentamicin. The serum and urine levels were approximately ten to 20 times less in patients with gentamicin-impregnated cement or beads compared to those levels obtained after intravenous administration. These very low systemic levels should preclude nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects. No toxic effects were observed in these patients. Bioactivity of gentamicin in the specimens was confirmed. Staphylococci were exquisitely sensitive, while Streptococci were moderately resistant to gentamicin. Both gentamicin-impregnated beads and cement appear safe and provide substantial local in vivo antibacterial activity.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1986

[Persistent urinary infection in children after antireflux ureterovesical reimplantation in primary vesicorenal reflux].

This study is the outcome of the analysis of 200 cases and concentrates solely on successful antireflux operations (i.e. with neither stenosis nor persistent reflux) performed on primary refluxes, 54 children, all of them being females, have retained refractory postoperative urinary infections. Of these cases, 24 cases (12%) have not been cured yet. In these postoperative infections, some factors play probably no part: the magnitude of the preoperative reflux, the existence of pyelonephritic lesions, the type of germ. However the fact of being female, the age (over 6), the duration of the preoperative infection and, above all, the existence of predominantly vesical symptomatology (frequency, voiding pain, and continence problems such as imperiousness, diurnal incontinence, enuresis) are basic factors. This makes it possible to compose the model of the child that will come up with a rebellious postoperative urinary infection. For these children, suppressing the reflux is only part of the treatment. It will have to be curried on by treating the vesical instability by drugs, vesical reeducation and even psychotherapy. On hand of these observations, one may question the classification of refluxes: do all of them really come under the name of "primary" refluxes?

Child↗