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PubMed2001

Myxozoan communities parasitizing Notropis hudsonius (Cyprinidae) at selected localities on the St. Lawrence River, Quebec: possible effects of urban effluents.

Late summer myxozoan infra- and component communities parasitizing 73 Notropis hudsonius at 5 sites on the St. Lawrence River upstream and downstream from the island of Montreal are described from study of histological sections of individual fish. Community membership included Myxobolus sp. A (intracellular in striated muscle fibers), Myxobolus sp. B (intracellular in striated muscle fibers), Myxobolus sp. C (brain), and Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor, 1916) Kudo, 1929 (loose connective tissue), all of which are histozoic myxobolids displaying strict tissue specificity for trophozoite development. Mean infracommunity richness in fish at the separate localities was estimated to be 0.4 +/- 0.5 to 1.3 +/- 0.7, with a maximum richness of 3 in any 1 fish. Component community richness in host samples was 2 to 4. It is argued that these are relatively high levels of diversity for freshwater fish parasites but that the values are probably conservative because of the study of only portions of individual fish. The percentage of fish infected with myxozoans of any species and infracommunity richness was significantly greater below the island of Montreal compared with above it. It is suspected that increased oligochaete populations at these sites, resulting from sewage-caused organic enrichment of sediments, may have accounted for the observed increased prevalence of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity in Cree preschool children in northern Quebec according to international and US reference criteria.

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Cree Canadian children aged 5 years (n=1044) using international and US growth references and examined the longitudinal tracking of weight categories between ages 2 and 5 years (n=562). METHODS: Weight categories based on body mass index (calculated from measured heights and weights) were derived from the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) references. RESULTS: According to the IOTF reference, 52.9% of children were overweight (31.6%) or obese (21.3%) whereas with the CDC reference, 64.9% were overweight (27.5%) or obese (37.4%). The IOTF and CDC references provided dissimilar tracking of weight categories. Based on the IOTF reference, 4.9% of the children who were normal weight at age 2 years were obese at age 5 years. Based on the CDC reference, 14.9% of children categorized as normal weight at age 2 years were obese at age 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The IOTF reference provided more conservative estimates of obesity than the CDC reference, and longitudinal analyses showed dissimilar tracking of weight categories with the 2 references. Public health responses to obesity prevalence estimates should be made with awareness of methodological limitations.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2001

Impact of rhinosinusitis in health care delivery: the Quebec experience.

OBJECTIVE: Rhinosinusitis is a common disease affecting 135 per 1,000 population. The cost and the impact on quality of life of this disease are considerable. Health care delivery for a particular disease is evaluated through the health impact of the disease, outcomes of treatments, and their costs. This article reviews our experience with rhinosinusitis and its impact on health, as measured using a generic quality of life instrument, the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), in a selected patient population. Outcomes of treatments will be introduced, and the economic impact of chronic rhinosinusitis based on a U.S. study will be discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and ten patients (divided into three subgroups: recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis) completed the SF-36 survey on the day of the diagnostic visit in the outpatient sinus clinics of two hospitals. RESULTS: The scores of the SF-36, in chronic rhinosinusitis, are compared with the normative values of a healthy U.S. population showing statistically significant differences in seven of eight domains. A comparison of the scores of chronic rhinosinusitis with a U.S. study on chronic rhinosinusitis shows statistically significant differences in five of eight domains. A comparison of the scores in the three diagnostic subgroups shows a statistical significance in two domains: bodily pain and vitality are more affected in recurrent acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic rhinosinusitis affects the quality of life of patients with rhinosinusitis and represents an important health burden. Some differences are noted with the U.S. chronic rhinosinusitis population. Recurrent acute and chronic rhinosinusitis seem to have more impact on vitality and bodily pain than nasal polyposis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

2-year review of a novel vestibular rehabilitation program in Montreal and Laval, Quebec.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of a vestibular rehabilitation program (VRP) in the Montreal-Laval area. DESIGN: The VRP was conceptualized by a panel of experts including otolaryngologists, physiotherapists, and researchers from McGill University and its teaching hospitals. From February 1999 to December 2001, 117 patients were seen, and 88 of them completed the VRP. SETTING: The VRP has been established at the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital in Laval, PQ, to provide specialized rehabilitation to clients suffering from vertigo, dizziness, and/or impaired balance owing to lesions or disorders of the vestibular system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence or absence of nystagmus or vertigo during the Dix-Hallpike test, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). RESULTS: Thirty-five patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal were treated with canalith repositioning manoeuvres. All of the patients (100%) had absence of nystagmus or vertigo after one to four treatment sessions. Forty-six patients with vestibular deficits or dizziness-disequilibrium completed the VRP, which consisted mainly of individualized eye-head and balance home exercise programs. At the end of the VRP, there was a significant decrease in DHI score (31 vs 57; p < .01) and a significant increase in DGI score (18.4 vs 22.6; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: A range of modest to major improvements was shown by comparing initial and discharge scores of patients who had completed vestibular rehabilitation. The VRP appears to be beneficial for patients with a variety of vestibular disorders. Further research is needed to continue optimizing vestibular rehabilitation.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Genetic analysis of herd life in Quebec Holsteins using Weibull models.

Survival analysis methodologies were used to study herd life in Canadian Holstein cows. Herd life was defined as true herd life or the length of time between first calving and censoring. True herd life adjusted for 305-d milk production was defined as functional herd life. Lifetime record (censored or completed) were from 331,147 Holstein cows registered in the Programme d'Analyse des Troupeaux Laitiers du Québec (PATLQ) that calved for the first time between March 1, 1981 and March 31, 1995. The Weibull (proportional hazards) model used to analyze true herd life and functional herd life contained a Weibull baseline hazard function and the time-dependent effects of year of first calving, lactation number by stage of lactation, annual change in herd size and herd-year (random), and the time-independent effects of the milk recording option (supervised or not) and age at first calving. The model for functional herd life included also the time-dependent effect of herd-year-parity class of 305-d milk production. Genetic differences between sires with regard to the hazard function of their daughters was clearly demonstrated. The hazard rate followed a different pattern in later lactations, particularly in the first 240 d in milk. Older age at first calving was found to be associated with higher risks of culling. Changes in herd size had a small impact on the hazard function of animals. The hazard decreased as production of the cow increased. Heritability in the log scale was 0.09 for true herd life and 0.08 for functional herd life, but when heritability was expressed on the original scale, the estimates for the two traits were 0.19 and 0.15, respectively. The difference in the median survival between a bull with an estimated transmitting ability of 0.6 and another bull with an estimated transmitting ability of 1.3 was 690 d or 1.7 lactations. Rank correlations between the official estimated transmitting abilities for true herd life and functional herd life and those obtained in this study were 0.62 and 0.66, respectively.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Hearing screening outcomes in Inuit children in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada.

OBJECTIVES: Hearing loss is highly prevalent among Inuit children in Canada. Hearing screening at kindergarten age has been carried out in Nunavik by trained Inuit technicians since 1986. In this study, we determined what percentage of children fail their initial hearing screening at age 5-6 years and compared this initial result with the last hearing test. We also report the type of hearing loss observed at the last test. METHODS: Results compiled in a clinical database were analysed. At age 5-6 years, 524 children (born 1990-1994, 84% coverage) were tested and 515 children were retested at a later date. Screening failure was defined as >22 dB pure tone average (.5k, 1k, 2kHz) in either ear. Observations on ear condition at the last test were used to determine type of hearing loss. RESULTS: Nineteen percent (101 children) failed the hearing screening at age 5-6 years and 12% failed on the later test. When those who failed the first test were retested, 58 had improved and 43 remained with a hearing loss. Twenty-one children who had initially passed the hearing screening were found to have a hearing loss at retest. The majority of the hearing losses were due to otitis media. CONCLUSION: Hearing screening and retesting remains necessary due to the high prevalence of hearing loss found in this population and the fluctuating nature of this problem.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Otitis media and hearing loss among 12-16-year-old Inuit of Inukjuak, Quebec, Canada.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic otitis media (COM) and associated hearing loss is a frequent problem for many Inuit children in Canada. In this study, we evaluated individuals aged 12-16 years living in Inukjuak, to determine the prevalence of middle ear disease and hearing loss, and the effect of hearing loss on academic performance. METHODS: Otological examination, hearing test, medical and school file review were performed in November 1997. 88 individuals were seen. RESULTS: Otological examination revealed maximal scarring in 1.8%, minimal scarring in 34.9%, normal eardrums in 49.1% and chronic otitis media in 16.9%. There were 62 individuals whose ear exams could be directly compared with a previous exam done in 1987. Of those, there were three ears that had developed COM and 4/13 ears with COM in 1987 that had healed. Hearing tests found bilateral normal hearing in 80% (PTA <20dB), unilateral loss in 15% and bilateral loss in 5%. Hearing loss was associated with poorer academic performance in Language (p<.05). A similar trend was found in Mathematics but not in Inuttitut. CONCLUSION: Chronic otitis media remains a significant problem among the Inuit, with a prevalence of 16.9% in individuals aged 12-16 years. One in five in this age group has hearing loss, and this hearing loss impacts on academic performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Streams in Quebec boreal and mixed-wood forests reveal a new aquatic hyphomycete species, Dwayaangam colodena sp. nov.

Foam from eight streams in boreal and mixed-wood forests in Québec were sampled in early and late fall 2002 to evaluate the biodiversity of their aquatic hyphomycete communities. Two regions were studied: 53-54 degrees N and 46-49 degrees N. A total of 54 species were identified. Twenty taxa were found only in the northern region, and four were unique to the southern region. A new aquatic hyphomycete, Dwayaangam colodena sp. nov., was found mostly in northern streams. It is described along with its taxonomic position.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2004

[Heart health promotion and preventive practices of Quebec nurses working in local community health centers].

The heart health promotion and prevention practices of nurses working in front-line services in 20 Québec CLSC's are analyzed through a qualitative (n = 47 nurses) and a quantitative approach (n = 177 nurses and n = 3802 patients). The results demonstrate that although nurses state they integrate prevention and promotion in their daily practice, patients report that nurses provide few prevention recommendations. The major challenge for prevention-promotion is to strengthen secondary prevention and, especially, integrate primary prevention and promotion in nurses' daily clinical practice.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence and intensity of Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Digenea) in wild anatids of Quebec, Canada.

The upper respiratory tracts of 534 wild anatids representing 20 species, shot during the 1976, 1977 and 1978 hunting seasons, were examined for Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Rudolphi, 1809). Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cymbium (Diesing, 1850) were recovered from Anas platyrhynchos, Anas rubripes, Anas acuta, Anas discors and Anas crecca. The maximum prevalence (16.7%) and intensity of infection (1.6) occurred in mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Aythya valisineria and Aythya marila harboured Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cucumerinum (Rudolphi, 1809). The maximum prevalence (14.3%) and intensity of infection (8.0) occurred in canvasbacks (A. valisineria). Of the 13 other species of ducks examined, none were infected with T. cucumerinum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Serologic survey of white-tailed deer on Anticosti Island, Quebec for bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea, and parainfluenza 3.

In 1985 unusual mortality was observed among the 3- to 4-yr-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Anticosti Island, Québec (Canada). A viral pathogen was suspected to be the cause of the deaths. Thus, a serologic survey for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus was conducted. We examined 396 deer sera from 1985. Results indicated that the high mortality mainly afflicted 3- to 4-yr-old deer. In 1985, 57% of deer sampled were seropositive for viral neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1. Prevalences decreased over the next 2 yr of the survey. Prevalence of antibodies against PI-3 virus, determined by hemagglutination inhibition test, remained high (82% to 84%) for the 3 yr period. No deer were seropositive for neutralizing antibodies against BVD virus during the survey period. Analysis of antibodies against BHV-1 and PI-3 viruses according to sex, age and antibody titers revealed that an epizootic BHV-1 infection occurred in 1985; PI-3 infection appears to be enzootic in Anticosti deer.

Age Factors↗