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Results for “PULMONARY HEART DISEASE”

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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Echocardiography in clinically suspected chronic cor pulmonale].

UNLABELLED: In a prospective study the echocardiography (M-mode-and two dimensional methodology) as well as the electrocardiography were tested in 40 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and suspicion of chronic cor pulmonale concerning their statements about right-ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation of the right-sided cavities of the heart. RESULTS: In the question of right-ventricular hypertrophy the electrocardiography showed only a slight sensitiveness of 0.125. However, the echocardiographic criteria of the right-ventricular hypertrophy and of the dilatation of the right-sided cavities of the heart a sensitiveness of 0.809 and a specificity of 0.750. With only 3 out of 40 echocardiograms which could not be evaluated for reasons of the image quality the rate of the success of the echocardiographic investigation of 0.925 was significantly high in the group of patients who are difficult to be examined in this respect.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed2004

[Application of one-way valved patch in treatment of patients with congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of one-way valved patch used in congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: One-way valved patch was used in 30 patients of congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension (PP/PS > 0.75) in operation. Follow-up of 6 approximately 86 months was conducted to observe its effect. RESULTS: The pulmonary artery pressure was significantly decreased without trans-patch shunt in 11 cases postoperatively. Trans-patch shunt was determined in 27 cases within postperative 72 hours. There were 2 postoperative deaths out of these 27 patients: one died of low cardiac output syndrome 72 hours after operation, and the other died of right heart failure 4 weeks after operation. Thirty-six patients were restored to health and discharged. Three-month follow-up showed trans-patch shunt in 7 cases, including right-to left shunt in 4 cases and two-side shunt in other 3 cases. Color Doppler ultrasonography conducted 6 months after operation proved trans-patch shunt in 4 cases, right-to-left shunt in 1 case, two-side shunt in 2 cases, and left-to-right shunt in 1 case (PP/PS = 0.45). CONCLUSION: One-way valved patch is useful in selected patients in which postoperative right heart failure can be anticipated so as to shunt the blood in the right heart to the left heart and increase the blood volume in the left heart system to ensure the left heart output and minimize the risk of postoperative right heart failure, at the expense of systemic low oxygen saturation that is, however, well tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow commonly leads to the development of pulmonary hypertension and increased vascular reactivity. These serious sequelae are associated with the following two major categories of congenital heart defects: those resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow and increased pulmonary arterial pressure and those resulting in increased pulmonary venous pressure. Recent evidence that the pulmonary vascular endothelium is an important determinant of vascular tone has led to the hypothesis that endothelial injury, secondary to congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow, disrupts these regulatory mechanisms and thereby plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension and its associated increased vascular reactivity. In many animal models, endothelial dysfunction is a precursor for smooth muscle dysfunction, and there is an apparent progression from endothelial dysfunction to smooth muscle dysfunction as vascular changes progress. We established a chronic model of pulmonary hypertension with increased pulmonary blood flow in young lambs by placing a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in utero. In this model, we found significant physiologic and molecular alternations of both the nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin signaling pathways, two important mechanisms by which the endothelium regulates pulmonary vascular tone. These alterations occur extremely early and precede severe anatomic changes. Early endothelial damage may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension and its associated enhanced pulmonary vascular reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mortality of middle aged white South African gold miners.

A cohort of 3971 white miners in South Africa, born between 1 January 1916 and 31 December 1930 who were alive on 1 January 1970 and currently working in the East Rand-Central Rand-West Rand mining areas, was followed up for nine years, when the 3426 survivors were aged from 48 to 62. Fifteen (0.4%) had been lost to view and 530 had died (13.4% of the 3956 whose vital status was determined). Based on the occupational histories of a 30% sample of the cohort it was known that the vast majority were gold miners. An estimated 93% had worked more than 85% of their mining service in gold mines. Standardised mortality ratios were calculated as the ratios of the deaths observed in the cohort to those expected on the basis of concurrent mortality in the reference population--the total white male population in the Republic of South Africa. There was little sign of a "healthy worker effect"; of several possible reasons, one is that the white miner in South Africa had adopted certain unhealthy life styles, another is that the reference population was otherwise inappropriate. The SMR for all causes of death (117.6) was raised because of excess mortality due to the following causes: lung cancer (161.2), chronic respiratory diseases (165.6), and acute and chronic nephritis (381.0). A case-referent analysis was carried out on those miners in the cohort who had spent at least 85% of their service in gold mines. For lung cancer, smoking was the main contributory factor towards disease. For chronic respiratory diseases bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary heart disease), smoking was also the main risk factor, but there was an association wih cumulative dust exposure. Raised blood pressure, smoking, and adiposity were associated with ischaemic heart disease as was the duration of service underground. Study of comprehensive medical histories in all 530 deaths, including necropsy in most cases, showed that none was directly due to pneumoconiosis or to tuberculosis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Configurations of F-V curve and their transformation rule in COPD patients analysed with wave-speed theory].

This study sought to analyse the mechanism on the formation of configurations of F-V curve and their transformation rule in COPD and cor pulmonale patients with wave-speed theory. The F-V curves were measured in 90 COPD patients (43 with chronic bronchitis, 47 with emphysema) and 31 complicated with cor pulmonale, all of them were in the ameliorated period. The indices selected were FVC, V75, V50, V25. Both the measured value and the measured value/predicted value (%) of all indices showed chronic bronchitis > emphysema > cor pulmonale. Never was there the concave type of normal humans in the F-V curves of COPD and cor pulmonale patients; however, the convex type was much increased in the curves and the hyperbolic type specific to COPD and cor pulmonale appeared. The mechanisms of formation for plateau, convex and hyperbolic types were analysed with the wave-speed theory. In summary, the unifying rule for the transformation of F-V curve configuration from normal adolescents to old persons, smokers, COPD and cor pulmonale patients in various degrees can be outlined as, concave type normality convex type abnormality hyperbolic type. This implicates a unifying process of pulmonary functions from healthy state to weakness and from slight to serious abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Changes of tangent time constant in the transformation of F-V curve configuration in COPD and cor pulmonale patients and clinical implications].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of tangent time constant (tau t) in the transformation of F-V curve configuration in COPD and cor pulmonale patients and clinical implications. METHODS: We determined the F-V curves in 90 COPD patients (43 with chronic bronchitis, 47 with emphysema) and 31 complicated with cor pulmonale; all patients were in the ameliorated period. The tau t at high, mid and low lung volumes, tau t75, tau t50, tau t25, were measured on each F-V curve. RESULTS: 1. Normal ranges: F-V curve configuration with plateau, linear, convex and concave types; |tau t75| > ls or < ls; tau t25 < ls; tau t relationship with "adolescent fashion" or "old fashion". 2. Light and moderate abnormality: With convex type; |tau t75| < ls; tau t25 approximately = ls or > ls; "trumpet fashion" changes. 3. Serious abnormality: With hyperbolic type; |tau t75| < ls; tau t25 = 4s-10s; "tower fashion" changes. CONCLUSION: Hyperbolic type, extreme prolongation of tau t25 and "tower fashion" changes can be assigned as 3 important indices to assess the severity of disease. The convenience and correctness of the method may be available for clinical application.

Adult↗