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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus in prison inmates.

We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 3,837 inmates of a state prison system. Ninety-two (2.4 percent) were HIV-seropositive. The highest proportion of HIV-seropositive inmates was found among Blacks (5.4 percent), females, and those 30 years of age or older. HIV-seropositivity of entering inmates was also 2.4 percent and was unchanged over the three years of the study. Seroconversion occurred in two inmates while in prison, a rate of one conversion per 604 person-years, but HIV infection could have occurred before entry. Seroconversion to HIV was rare in inmates in this correctional facility.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among males in Rhode Island prisons.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated prevalence and intraprison incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among male prison inmates. METHODS: We observed intake prevalence for 4269 sentenced inmates at the Rhode Island Adult Correctional Institute between 1998 and 2000 and incidence among 446 continuously incarcerated inmates (incarcerated for 12 months or more). RESULTS: HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus prevalences were 1.8%, 20.2%, and 23.1%, respectively. Infections were significantly associated with injection drug use (odds ratio = 10.1, 7.9, and 32.4). Incidence per 100 person-years was 0 for HIV, 2.7 for HBV, and 0.4 for HCV. CONCLUSIONS: High infection prevalence among inmates represents a significant community health issue. General disease prevention efforts must include prevention within correctional facilities. The high observed intraprison incidence of HBV underscores the need to vaccinate prison populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lifespan differences in the social networks of prison inmates.

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) (Carstensen, 1992, 1993) accounts for lifespan changes in human social networks and for the motivations which underlie those changes. SST is applied in this research with 256 prison inmates and non-inmates, ages 18-84, from Mississippi, Kansas, and New Mexico. Two research questions sought to identify (a) whether inmate networks change in size, and (b) whether overall closeness within an inmate's network changes over the adult years. Results indicate that older inmates, much like older non-inmates, have few peripheral partners, are buffered from the wider population of prisoners, and interact within a small group of very close partners. Although older inmates are not completely isolated, they do maintain fewer network partners as age increases, like their non-incarcerated counterparts, and overall are as emotionally close to network members as non-inmates.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Authoritarianism and social distance attitudes towards offenders released from prison.

It was hypothesized that authoritarian individuals maintain attitudes of greater social distance towards (a) violent offenders, (b) violent young offenders, (c) non-violent offenders, and (d) non-violent young offenders released from prison. Correlations of scores on Boehm's Legal Attitudes Questionnaire for the offender groups supported the hypothesis. Subjects were 48 students in management science. Apparently high authoritarians would like to maintain attitudes of greater social distance from violent offenders than non-violent offenders released from prison.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prison norms for Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices.

Prison norms for the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices were developed using 1126 male inmates in a prison in Nevada. 556 of the men were white, 480 black, 55 Mexican, 19 Cuban, 9 Asian, and 7 Native-American. Norms were provided for three age categories--under 35 years, age 36 to 54, and all ages combined. Normative information was presented for white inmates, black inmates, and all ethnicities combined. There was substantial overlap in distribution of scores by black and white inmates.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Custodial status and self concepts of Nigerian inmates remanded to prison custody.

60 male Nigerian prison inmates (30 with convicted status and 30 awaiting trial) and 210 male noninmates were administered the Tennessee Self-concept Scale to test the hypotheses that (1) inmates with convicted status would obtain higher self-concept scores than those with ¿awaiting trial¿ status, and (2) the self-concept scores of prison inmates generally would be lower than those of noninmates. The two hypotheses were strongly supported for this sample. It was concluded that self-concept scores were not only related to delinquency by also to custodial status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Time perspective of female prisoners related to success in a training program.

This study compared scores on future time perspective of 50 female prison inmates who were participating in a vocational training program within the Julia Tutwiler Prison. There was no control group. Zimbardo's measure of future time perspective, administered a year earlier, was associated with success or failure in the program. Associations of future time perspectives with education, age, and ethnicity were investigated. An analysis of covariance between the 21 graduates and 16 dropouts while controlling for education was significant. Despite the incomplete design, some implications are of interest.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Six problems of a prison psychologist: a personal account.

Based on close to two years as Senior Clinical Psychologist in a prison treatment program, the author presents six problems which he faced. These issues would likely characterize most prisons. They are authoritarianism, immediate supervisor, hostile environment, limited rewards, security vs treatment, and physical danger. Among the many examples is the case in which a supervisor ordered the psychologist to change his test report, thereby demanding unethical behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Acquaintance rape: attributions of victim blame by college students and prison inmates as a function of relationship status of victim and assailant.

53 male college students and 37 male prison inmates completed a questionnaire evaluating an hypothetical rape scenario with a male perpetrator and a female victim. The college students assigned equal blame to the victim regardless of whether the assailant was a stranger or an acquaintance, but the inmates assigned more blame to the victim when the assailant was a stranger than an acquaintance. The results may be interpreted as showing a greater awareness of date or acquaintance rape among the college population than among the prison population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Revision and further assessments of the Prison Locus of Control Scale.

The report of initial measurements studies conducted on the Prison Locus of Control Scale concluded with suggestions for altering the format and content to improve the psychometric properties of the scale. This paper is a report of structural, reliability, and validity studies conducted on the revised Prison Locus of Control Scale. Assessments included a test of internal consistency, factor analyses, one test each of concurrent and known-groups validity, and four tests of construct validity. The results show strong support for the reliability and validity of the revised scale, which is provided in an appendix.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Personality characteristics in heroin addicts and nonaddicted prisoners using the Edwards Personality Preference Schedule.

The present study compares the self-reported personality characteristics of heroin addict and nonaddict prisoners using the Edwards Personality Preference Schedule (EPPS) which was corrected for social desirability. Seventy pairs of addicted and nonaddicted criminal offenders were matched for age, education, intelligence, and home environment. The addicted offenders were identified by the pattern of their response to the EPPS as reflected by the significant multivariate results. In addition, significant univariate differences consistent with those previously reported were found. Addicted criminals had stronger succorance, heterosexuality, and aggression needs and less abasement and endurance needs than nonaddicted offenders. Age, educational achievment, intelligence,and home environment had little influence on the prisoners' response to this self-report personality inventory.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation research on prison-based drug treatment programs and some policy implications.

Prison-based drug treatment programs in the United States have been in existence for over 20 years. However, it is only in the last few years that they have been available on a large scale. The effects of these programs on recidivism rates tend to be mixed. Given the relatively modest costs, prison administrators may feel the costs are justified even when marginal results are obtained.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between loneliness and social interaction in women prisoners.

The increase in women prisoners is a societal issue and affects not only the woman, but also her family of origin and her children. This study did not support the hypothesis that more frequent visits from friends or family decrease loneliness, but it did support the hypothesis that the presence or absence of friends and the number of friends within the facility make a significant difference in the loneliness experienced by women prisoners. It is within the scope of nursing practice to lessen the burden of loneliness and to improve the physical and emotional health of the person by addressing the issue of loneliness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Acute hepatitis C virus infection in an Australian prison inmate: tattooing as a possible transmission route.

Clinically apparent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection developed in a prison inmate after two tattooing episodes within the recognised incubation period for HCV infection. Seroconversion and HCV viraemia with subsequent resolution of hepatitis and loss of plasma viraemia were documented. Introducing licensed tattooists, and thereby improving infection control practices, may reduce the risk of hepatitis C virus infection in prisons.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in male prisoners. New insights into an emerging syndrome.

Between September 1981 and June 1982, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in seven previously healthy young men incarcerated for 5 to 38 months in New York State correctional facilities. All seven patients were anergic, six were lymphopenic, and all developed oral candidiasis. Immunologic evaluation in vitro showed profound defects in cellular immune function in patients tested, with inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T-cell populations in four of five patients studied. No underlying immunosuppressive disorder was found in any patient, including three patients who had postmortem examinations. Based on these cases, the incidence of this syndrome among inmates of New York State correctional facilities is estimated to be at least 20 out of 100 000 per year. None of the inmates was homosexual but all had used intravenous drugs extensively before incarceration. If intravenous drug use is a cause of the syndrome, then the epidemiologic findings of this study suggest a prolonged incubation period (mean, 14.6 months) before development of serious opportunistic infection. Recognition that certain prisoners are at high risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has important implications for the prison health-care system.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Voluntary HIV testing in prison: do women inmates at high risk for HIV accept HIV testing?

This study examined the proportion of women inmates who accepted HIV testing and the sociodemographic, criminal, and HIV-related risk characteristics associated with accepting such testing in a state prison offering voluntary HIV testing. A consecutive sample of 805 women felons admitted to the North Carolina Correctional Institution for Women between July 1991 and November 1992 was interviewed. Of these inmates, 680 (84%) granted permission to access their medical records and had complete information on relevant characteristics. Seventy-one percent of the women inmates accepted HIV testing. In multivariate analysis, the exchange of sex for money or drugs and the conviction for a drug crime were significantly associated with accepting HIV testing. Injection drug use, drug-injecting sex partners, and a history of a sexually transmitted disease were not significantly associated with accepting HIV testing. A prison-based voluntary HIV testing program appears to be reaching a substantial proportion of women inmates potentially at risk for HIV, especially women inmates who exchanged sex for money or drugs.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1985

Prisoner health care.

From New York City's Bellevue Hospital comes this discussion of difficulties in dealing with a prisoner/patient population. Authors Gage and Goldfrank discuss staff bias, prisoner/patient security, and difficulties in maintaining on-going health care in a "less than optimal system." While prison health is beyond the realm of work for a relatively small number of physicians, the size of the U.S. prison population makes it a significant part of health care in the United States.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

An innovative approach: one hospital's experience with prisoners as patients.

At a time when community hospitals are struggling to survive financially, one hospital in Lansing, Michigan developed an innovative approach to diversify underutilized space and bring in additional funds. Ingham Medical Center converted a tuberculosis unit into a 10-bed secure unit for the tertiary care of prisoner patients from the state's penal institutions. The secure unit staff has provided excellent patient care and good communications with the prison and has maximized the use of beds, thereby improving the hospital's financial base. This article discusses how the hospital staff converted the unit, anticipated and prevented potential problems, and encountered and solved actual problems.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299↗