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Results for “NUTRITION AND DIETETICS”

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PubMed1998

[Evolution of the nutritional status of patients with HIV-AIDS. Effects of socioeconomic situation and dietetic counseling].

OBJECTIVES: To know HIV-AIDS patient's nutritional status in different infection's condition and their relation with the socioeconomic situation and, in that case, the nutritional condition improvement through the dietetic advice appropriated for each patient. METHODS: Prospective study of 79 patients with HIV-AIDS diagnostic in any illness's condition and recopilation of anthropometrics and biochemical variables. At the beginning of the study we got data about socioeconomic situation of patient with a scale of 1 to 5 points each variable and an score top of 35. In the survivors we checked, after dietetic advice, the variables at 6 and 12 months by sanitary personal (physician and nurse) who weren't implicated in direct assistance. The study was analyzed by Student "T" for matched data and the simple correlation test. RESULTS: We have objectivated a lost of initial weight over their habitual's with a progressive impairment in different stage of evolution that weren't modified by dietetic advice. We didn't observed significant variations in the biochemical variables included in advances states and in parameters which are usually affected in malnutrition. In the analysis of relation between nutritional condition and socioeconomic factors, it was estimated a lesser score, that was statistically significative, in patients who had a work, family situation and an affective upset positive. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained induce to think that the nutritional advices appropriated for each patient are not related, in our series, with progressive deterioration of anthropometrics variables, neither biochemical parameters fluctuations at 6, 12 months of follow-up. The patient's socioeconomic situation is not influenced by nutritional condition except for the work, affectivity and family environment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Nutrition and women's health: position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and Dietitians of Canada (DC) that women have specific nutritional needs and vulnerabilities and, as such, are at unique risk for various nutrition-related diseases and conditions that affect the duration and quality of their lives. Although women's health-related issues are multifaceted, nutrition has been shown to influence significantly the risk of chronic disease and assist in maintaining optimal health status. Therefore, the ADA and DC encourage dietetics professionals to strongly support research, health promotion activities, health care services, and advocacy efforts that will enable women to adopt desirable nutrition practices for optimal health.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Nutrition screening and assessment: current practices and dietitians' leadership roles.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain hospital nutrition screening and assessment practices and the need for additional resources to facilitate these processes. DESIGN: A survey questionnaire was developed to ascertain screening protocols, assessment procedures and tools, relevant training and research needs, and respondent characteristics. SAMPLE: The survey was sent to 988 members of Dietitians in Nutrition Support, a dietetic practice group of The American Dietetic Association; 388 (39.3%) responses were used for analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to calculate response frequency. chi 2 Statistics were used to test associations between nutrition assessment practices and association membership, nutrition support team activity, patient load, time allocations, and type and size of hospital. RESULTS: Most institutions had policies for screening (90.2%); 68.7% of dietitians were involved in screening either alone or with others. Assessment practices within hospitals varied widely: 45.9% used a standard form; 66.8% assessed patients at risk; and 10.6% assessed all patients. Typical assessments included height and weight, diagnosis, weight history, albumin, food intolerance, and allergies. Social histories and sophisticated methods such as indirect calorimetry were used infrequently. Most assessments (54.5%) took 31 to 59 minutes; 35.0% of the dietitians spent more than half their time doing assessments. A large percentage (48.7%) of respondents viewed the dietitian as having greatest influence on assessment policies; others thought physicians (23.2%), administrators (15.7%), nurses (6.2%), or pharmacists (6.5%) had the greatest influence. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Recommended improvements include improved standards of practice, development of written protocols and practice guidelines, better use of human resources, standardization of assessment procedures throughout the profession, and empowerment of dietitians to assume a stronger leadership role in this dimension of dietetics practice.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2000

Position of Dietitians of Canada, the American Dietetic Association, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance.

It is the position of Dietitians of Canada, the American Dietetic Association, and the American College of Sports Medicine that physical activity, athletic performance, and recovery from exercise are enhanced by optimal nutrition. These organizations recommend appropriate selection of food and fluids, timing of intake, and supplement choices for optimal health and exercise performance. This position paper reviews the current scientific data related to athletes' energy needs, assessment of body composition, strategies for weight change, athletes' nutrient and fluid needs, special nutrient needs during training, the use of supplements and nutritional ergogenic aids, and nutrition recommendations for vegetarian athletes. During times of high physical activity, energy and macronutrient needs - especially carbohydrate and protein intake - must be met in order to maintain body weight, replenish glycogen stores, and provide adequate protein for building and repairing tissue. Fat intake should be adequate to provide essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as to help provide adequate energy for weight maintenance. Overall, diets should provide moderate amounts of energy from fat (20-25% of energy); there appears to be no health or performance benefit to consuming a diet containing less than 15% of energy from fat. Body weight and composition can affect exercise performance, but should not be used as the sole criterion for sports performance; daily weigh-ins are discouraged. Consuming adequate food and fluid before, during, and after exercise can help maintain blood glucose levels during exercise, maximize exercise performance, and improve recovery time. Athletes should be well hydrated before beginning exercise; they should also drink enough fluid during and after exercise to balance fluid losses. Consumption of sport drinks containing carbohydrates and electrolytes during exercise will provide fuel for the muscles, help maintain blood glucose levels and the thirst mechanism, and decrease the risk of dehydration or hyponatremia. Athletes will not need vitamin-and-mineral supplements if adequate energy to maintain body weight is consumed from a variety of foods. However, supplements may be required by athletes who restrict energy intake, have severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups from their diet, or consume high-carbohydrate diets with low micronutrient density. Nutritional ergogenic aids should be used with caution, and only after careful evaluation of the product for safety, for efficacy, for potency, and to determine whether or not it is a banned or illegal substance. Nutrition advice, by a qualified nutrition expert, should be provided only after the athlete's health, diet, supplement and drug use, and energy requirements have been carefully reviewed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Nutrition and HIV.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗