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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and epidermal growth factor on expression and kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in Leydig TM3 and Sertoli TM4 cell lines.

We examined the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the expression and kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in Leydig TM3 and Sertoli TM4 cell lines. Hormonal regulation of the expression and activity of Cdk5 by using normal and hypophysectomized rat testes was also investigated to elucidate its role. Cdk5 levels and kinase activity were significantly elevated in TM3 cells that were grown in the presence of 7.5% serum, EGF, or LH and were associated with an increase in testosterone production compared with controls. These increases were accompanied by an increase in proliferation of TM3 cells after treatment with serum or EGF but not with LH suggest that Cdk5 may be involved in cellular differentiation that is induced with LH treatment. In contrast, the presence of neither serum, EGF, nor FSH had a significant effect on Cdk5 activity levels in the Sertoli TM4 cell line, and there was no correlation with proliferative activity or transferrin levels. A significant decrease in Cdk5 expression and activity were noted in rat testis after hypophysectomy compared with normal rat testis and is associated with a simultaneous decrease in testosterone and transferrin levels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Cdk5 was strongly expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and peritubular cells of normal adult rat testis. After hypophysectomy, the pattern of Cdk5 staining differed markedly from that in normal rat testis and a profound reduction in staining of Cdk5 was observed in each tubule. Our results suggest that LH and EGF influence and modulate Cdk5 expression and activity in Leydig TM3 cells and may, conceivably, be involved in signal transduction cascades that are initiated by hormones or growth factors. Cdk5 in Sertoli TM4 cells is likely to possess some constitutive functions that are not affected by the cells' proliferation state. Moreover, Cdk5 is probably involved in the constitutive and hormonally stimulated activities of the rat testis, in addition to its involvement in cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A portable Bohler-Braun splint.

Bohler-Braun is used in the conservative management of fractures of the lower limb. The splint is cumbersome making it difficult to work with in situation where compactness of the splint is required. This work is a modification of the splint into a portable version.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2000

Field evaluation of two diagnostic antigen tests for Wuchereria bancrofti infection among Indian expatriates in Saudi Arabia.

Two commercially available diagnostic tools (Tro-Bio ELISA and ICT card test) were used to detect circulating filarial antigen of Wuchereria bancrofti infections among Indian expatriate workers in Saudi Arabia. Daytime serum samples collected from 302 individuals (210 men and 92 women) were tested. Night blood surveys for microfilaraemia were restricted to those individuals who became positive for the trop-Bio assay test. The overall prevalence of filarial antigeaemia was 10.6% (32 individuals). Of these 32 antigen positive cases, microfilariae were found in 10 men (31.3%), with a mean microfilarial count of 105 mff/ml. No positive antigen results were found in control sera from 200 native healthy Saudis or from patients with helminthic infections (schistosomiasis, echinicoccosis, hookworm, ascariasis and trichuriasis). All 32 positive sera with the Trop-Bio ELISA showed a positive ICT card reaction (specificity and sensitivity 100%). It is concluded that, in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states, where a continuous flow of south- and southeastern workers coming from areas endemic for bancroftian filariasis, the ICT card test may be useful in monitoring the potential risk of introducing bacncroftian filariasis to the host countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Necrotizing fasciitis of the scalp in a neonate.

We report an 11-day-old baby who presented with necrotizing fasciitis of the scalp from which Escherichia coli was cultured. Treatment consisted of administration of parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics and debridement. Skin grafting of the resulting scalp defect was not permitted by the parents. The wound healed with scar tissue over 3 months.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory health of rice millers in Kelantan, Malaysia.

A cross sectional study was carried out to evaluate the effect of rice husk dust in rice millers in Malaysia. Altogether 69 workers participated in this study. They were interviewed using standardized questionnaires and lung function tests were performed. Chest tightness was among the common symptoms (34.9%) complained by workers. Age, duration of employment and smoking status were among the factors associated with respiratory symptoms (p < 0.01). Lung function tests revealed some degree of impairment compared to the healthy population.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2001

Effect of human follicular fluid on sperm survival.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of follicular fluid (FF) on sperm survival. METHOD: Swim-up sperm suspensions obtained from 20 men with normal semen analysis were incubated with Ham's F-10 only and Ham's F-10 supplemented with 20% FF or 20% serum. Sperm motility was recorded every 12 hours for 72 hours. RESULTS: Sperm motility was maintained in all media for 48 hours. However, significantly more sperm samples remained motile at 72 hours in medium supplemented with FF and serum as compared to Ham's F-10 only. CONCLUSION: FF has a positive effect on conserving sperm motility as a function of time.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed2000

Secretory IgA and complement levels in patients with hookworm infection in Zaria.

As a continuing investigation into the immunological reactions involved in hookworm infection the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA). IgM, IgA, complement C3 and C4 were studied in 57 Nigerians with hookworm infection and compared with those of 28 healthy, normal controls. The hookworm patients were divided into three groups based on the degree of anaemia (Hb1-7 and hypochromia +++). Group II had moderate anaemia (Hb8-11, hypochromia ++ and Group III had no signs of anaemia despite the underlying hookworm infection. The patients also comprised those in whom hookworm was the sole infection and those with hookworm associated with other parasites. Significant differences in the results between each patient subgroup and the controls were analysed using the student t-test. IgA was significantly elevated in patients with anaemia of mild to moderate severity and in patients with hookworm only (P < 0.05) while sIgA was significantly elevated in all subgroups compared to controls (P < 0.05). IgM was significantly elevated in-patients with marked anaemia, in-patients without anaemia and in those with hookworm infection associated with other parasites (P < 0.05). The difference in IgG levels between patients and controls was not significant (P 0.1). C4 was significantly elevated in patients with marked moderate anaemia and those with hookworm only (P < 0.05) while C3 levels were not significantly different in the subgroups compared with controls. These results suggest the possibility of polyclonal B-cell activation by T-independent antigens such as the polysaccharide cuticular antigens of the hookworms and the stimulation of the classical pathway of the complement system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobial agent resistance in bacterial isolates from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infection in the Sudan.

Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were performed on four-hundred and ninety-seven bacterial isolates from Sudanese patients with diarrhea or urinary tract infections. Shigella dysenteriae type I and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli showed high resistance rates (percentage of isolates showing antibiotic resistance) against the commonly-used antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, sulfonamide, and neomycin, and were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Eighteen resistance patterns against nine antimicrobial agents tested were observed in enteric pathogens. Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and sulfonamide was the most frequent pattern. The common urinary pathogens, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and carbenicillin. We recommend that physicians seek updated knowledge of the common antibiotic-sensitivity patterns when starting empirical antibiotic therapy in Sudanese patients with diarrhea or urinary tract infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Sciatica due to malignant nerve sheath tumour of sciatic nerve in the thigh.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the supportive non-neural component of the peripheral nerves. An unusual case of pain and weakness of the foot and calf muscles due to a giant MPNST of the sciatic nerve in the posterior compartment of the thigh is presented. The patient was already investigated as a case of sciatica due to a lumbar disc disease with a negative magnetic resonance imaging and then unsuccessfully operated elsewhere twice, with a misdiagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Neurosurgical referral prompted a diagnostic magnetic resonance study of the thigh, revealing the lesion, which was completely excised microsurgically with total relief in the pain and partial improvement in the weakness and sensations in the sole of the foot.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pathological prognostic factors in breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer are now widely used to predict biological behavior of cancer and to plan its effective management. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the reports from our histopathology laboratory spanning over a period of 4 years, to assess completeness in recording these factors. It will enable us to improve and standardize reporting on breast cancer. METHODS: The pathology reports of primary carcinoma of the breast diagnosed in our laboratory from 1st January 1994 to 31st December 1997 (4 year period) were reviewed for details on tumor size, histological type and grade, presence or absence of tumor emboli in vascular channels, proximity of the tumor to resection margins and lymph node status. RESULTS: Tumor size was not recorded in 1 case each in 1994, 1995 and 1996 and 2 cases in 1997. Histological type was mentioned in all cases in 1995 and 1997. It was not mentioned in 1 case in 1994 and 3 cases in 1996. Out of 77 cases with axillary clearance, the total number of lymph nodes was recorded in 83% of cases. The number of lymph nodes with metastasis was recorded in 71% of cases. CONCLUSION: Our histopathology laboratory receives the majority of surgical biopsies carried out in the Sultanate of Oman. During our study period we received a total of 45354 biopsies. From 1993 onwards, pathological prognostic factors of breast carcinoma were incorporated in our pathology reports following the publication of major and leading articles regarding the same. This study shows an improvement in the quality of reports after introducing this concept in 1994. This study clearly reveals the necessity for written protocols to be established, to standardize and improve the quality of reporting.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Neuronal P2X7 receptors are targeted to presynaptic terminals in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

The ionotropic ATP receptor subunits P2X(1-6) receptors play important roles in synaptic transmission, yet the P2X(7) receptor has been reported as absent from neurons in the normal adult brain. Here we use RT-PCR to demonstrate that transcripts for the P2X(7) receptor are present in extracts from the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and nodose ganglion. Using in situ hybridization mRNA encoding, the P2X(7) receptor was detected in numerous neurons throughout the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Localizing the P2X(7) receptor protein with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy revealed that it is targeted to presynaptic terminals in the CNS. Anterograde labeling of vagal afferent terminals before immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of the receptor in excitatory terminals. Pharmacological activation of the receptor in spinal cord slices by addition of 2'- and 3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP; 30 microm) resulted in glutamate mediated excitation of recorded neurons, blocked by P2X(7) receptor antagonists oxidized ATP (100 microm) and Brilliant Blue G (2 microm). At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) immunohistochemistry revealed that the P2X(7) receptor was present in motor nerve terminals. Furthermore, motor nerve terminals loaded with the vital dye FM1-43 in isolated NMJ preparations destained after application of BzATP (30 microm). This BzATP evoked destaining is blocked by oxidized ATP (100 microm) and Brilliant Blue G (1 microm). This indicates that activation of the P2X(7) receptor promotes release of vesicular contents from presynaptic terminals. Such a widespread distribution and functional role suggests that the receptor may be involved in the fundamental regulation of synaptic transmission at the presynaptic site.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Plantlet strengthening medium for Dendrobium candidum Wall. et Linde. of clonal propagation in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To find a suitable medium for plantlet production of Dendrobium candidum in the period of strengthening plantlet. METHOD: The basic medium, natural aqueous extracts, density of banana aqueous extract and of plant hormones were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The B5 or 1/2MS, added with 10% of banana aqueous extract and 2 mg/L NAA can be used as the best plantlet strengthening medium for Dendrobium candidum.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1975

Germ-cell malignant tumours in father and son.

Germ-cell malignant tumours occurred in a man and his son. The father, who had a teratoma of the right testicle removed 24 years ago, is presently alive and well. The son, who had a choriocarcinoma presenting as an abdominal mass, possibly originating in the testicle, died within 7 months of the diagnosis with metastases in the lungs, liver and retroperitoneum. This report documents the third such case of germ-cell neoplasms occurring in father and son.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Cloning of promoter of banana fruit ripening-related ACO1 and primary study on its function].

According to the published sequence of ACC oxidase gene(ACO1) which was shown to express in banana fruits, we cloned its 5'-flanking region by improved adaptor ligation PCR. The 1526 bp fragment contained a putative TATA-box. Sequence alignment of our promoter with two published (934 bp and 1451 bp) revealed 97.3% (López-Gómez et al.) and 88.8% (May and Kipp) similarity in nucleotide sequence, respectively. The 5'-flanking fragments in different length were fused to the coding sequence of GUS gene. These constructs were delivered to leaf, root and fruit cells of banana via particle bombardment. The results of transient gene expression assay showed that the cloned ACO1 promoter was able to direct fruit-specific gene expression, and that the regulatory region for fruit-specificity was probably located in the 0.7 kb 5'-flanking sequence of the gene and some positive regulatory elements may exist within the region of 355 bp from 468 to 822.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2002

Breath acetone as a measure of systemic ketosis assessed in a rat model of the ketogenic diet.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) in alleviating drug-resistant epilepsy is unknown but may be related to systemic ketosis induced under this treatment. The need for frequent measurement of systemic ketosis, which is essential for improving maintenance of the KD in patients and for studying mechanism of the KD action, has prompted us to validate the breath acetone test as a fast, reliable, and noninvasive tool for ketosis assessment. METHODS: A rat model of the KD that allowed frequent blood sampling was used to investigate how well breath acetone reflects plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HBA), the most commonly measured ketone body. Rat pups (20 days of age) were introduced to and maintained on a KD or control diet for 33 days. During this period, breath acetone, plasma beta-HBA, blood glucose, and body weight were measured approximately every 4th day. A correlational analysis of breath acetone and plasma beta-HBA was conducted. RESULTS: Breath acetone was found to be a significant predictor of plasma beta-HBA over a clinically relevant range of beta-HBA concentrations (r(2) = 0.75; P <0.001). We have proposed a general formula that allows the value of plasma beta-HBA to be estimated based on breath acetone measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Breath acetone is an accurate measure of mild to moderate systemic ketosis. The noninvasive nature of this test will be useful for day-to-day implementation of the KD, searching for better forms of this diet, and understanding the role of ketosis in the mechanism of the KD action.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗