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PubMed1962

The bionomics of salt-water Anopheles gambiae in East Africa.

Following residual spraying of houses in Pemba Island with dieldrin as part of a malaria eradication programme, Anopheles gambiae were found breeding in salt-water pools in many parts of the island. Studies were made on the bionomics of this salt-water form of the mosquito, dealing in particular with its behaviour, feeding preferences, role as a malaria vector, larval reaction to brackish water and adult susceptibility to dieldrin.The first-stage larvae of the freshwater and salt-water forms were found to exhibit a distinct difference in their reaction to 75% sea water, the former dying within 1(1/2) hours and the latter surviving 6 hours or more. It is suggested that this reaction may provide the best way of distinguishing with certainty between the two forms in East Africa.The results of precipitin tests and indoor and outdoor catches showed that, after spraying, the salt-water form was mainly exophilic with a preference for feeding on cattle. Exposure of adult to 0.4% dieldrin by the WHO test method indicated that they were still susceptible to that insecticide after two spraying cycles.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1963

DDT-RESISTANCE AND DIELDRIN-RESISTANCE IN ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS.

The nature and mode of inheritance of both DDT-resistance and dieldrin-resistance in Anopheles quadrimaculatus from the United States of America have been studied. Dieldrin-resistance is shown to be dependent on a single, semi-dominant, genetic factor, and DDT-resistance on a single, recessive one, though the expression of this latter factor is to some extent dependent on the genetic background. Both resistances can occur in the same mosquito but can be separated, thus indicating the independent nature of the two genetic factors involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

THE AREA DISTRIBUTION OF AN INSECTICIDE (FENTHION) SPRAYED INSIDE THE HUTS OF AN AFRICAN VILLAGE.

In the course of a village-scale trial of fenthion, carried out in a village near Lagos, Nigeria, 40% fenthion water-dispersible powder was used at a 3.75% concentration. This was applied by Galeazzi "OM" sprayers with constant-pressure assemblies. The target concentration was 1.5 g/m(2). Filter-papers were placed on walls, ceilings and roof beams to determine the actual average rate of application, and glass plates were placed on the floors to determine the rate of "bounce-off" from the walls or of "drop-out" from the ceilings. The results of chemical tests show that the rate actually applied came closest to the target concentration on the walls, followed, in that order, by ceilings and roof beams. There were heavy deposits on the floors up to 30 cm away from the walls. The authors analyse the causes for the variations encountered.

Fenthion↗