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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Contributions of alimentary tract surgery to modern infection control.

The continuing contributions of alimentary tract operations to a clarification of the clinical utility of devices, procedures, and medications for control of surgical wound infection have been crucial to the advancement of modern surgical practice. Indeed, the foregoing essay has outlined several areas in which additional analysis and clarification should be able to further define valuable methods and combinations thereof. It has been the willingness of the individual surgeon oriented to the alimentary tract to include his operations and his patients in these kinds of rigid trials that have, indeed, allowed a final emergence of these useful adjuncts to the surgical armamentarium, an effect that now pervades all surgical practice.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Direct-vision aortic valvotomy: predecessor to modern aortic surgery.

In 1956, Swan and Kortz described a direct-vision aortic valvotomy performed through a transaortic approach during caval occlusion and moderate hypothermia. The rationale for this approach was based on careful thought and review of relevant information that was available at that time. Although cardiopulmonary bypass has since supplanted inflow occlusion to enable exposure of the aortic valve during operation, the principles considered by Swan and Kortz have survived decades of change. Their contribution heralded the beginning of modern aortic surgery while demonstrating the carefulness of thought supported by the audaciousness of conviction that characterizes innovation in surgery.

Aorta↗
PubMed1995

Adjunctive coronary endarterectomy: improved safety in modern cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Advances in cardiac surgery have led to an improved safety record for coronary endarterectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 64 patients who underwent adjunctive coronary endarterectomy between August 1988 and February 1992. There were 44 men, and the mean age was 65 years. Forty-one patients (64%) had sustained a previous infarction. Overall, endarterectomy was performed on 76 vessels, and the right coronary system was involved in 46 (61%). RESULTS: The postoperative infarction rate was 5%. Incomplete occlusion ( < 90% stenosis) of the endarterectomized vessel significantly increased the risk of infarction (p < 0.05). There were two early deaths (3%). The mean follow-up was 46 months. Clinically, 91% of the survivors were angina free, and 80% had no symptoms of heart failure at the time of follow-up. Left ventricular function had improved in 36% of those restudied (5/14). A total of 17 recatheterizations were done at a mean interval of 19 months after operation. The endarterectomy graft patency rate was 80% (16/20) compared with 78% (28/36) for conventional grafts ( p = not significant). The actuarial survival rates were 89% and 71% at 1 year and 5 years, respectively. A history of previous infarction was significantly associated with higher long-term mortality (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results demonstrate that in modern cardiac surgery, coronary endarterectomy is safer than previously thought and can be used effectively to achieve complete revascularization in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Modernization of a laundry processing plant: is it really an improvement?

An ergonomics assessment was conducted in a modern, automated hospital-based laundry to investigate workers' complaints of musculoskeletal aches and pains and general fatigue. Numerous job stressors were identified requiring ergonomic solutions, including prolonged standing, excessive manual handling of transport units, non-adjustability of workstations, work pacing, awkward postures, lack of job rotation and excessive repetition of tasks. Associated health and safety issues such as noise, sharps, equipment maintenance and sanitation were also addressed. Potential mechanisms for repetitive strain injuries were substantiated and solutions for problematic areas were presented to management and the union for implementation. It was concluded that human factors must be taken into consideration when designing automated laundry systems to avoid mismatches resulting in potential injury to workers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Modern oral contraceptives and dysmenorrhoea.

Women with primary dysmenorrhoea not sufficiently helped by triphasic oral contraceptives (OCs) were offered a modern, low-dose monophasic OC containing 30 micrograms of ethinylestradiol and 150 micrograms of desogestrel. The study shows that for these women, the monophasic pill was the better alternative. The fact that 19 of 23 women who continue treatment on the monophasic OC indicates that this type of pill may be chosen as the first alternative for women with primary dysmenorrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The acceptance of a 7-week cycle with a modern low-dose oral contraceptive (Minulet).

Cycle control and tolerance were studied in a group of 55 female volunteers, who took during 42 consecutive days a modern low-dose oral contraceptive: gestodene 75 micrograms/ethinylestradiol 30 micrograms (Minulet). During these 42 days, 96% of the women experienced no breakthrough bleeding and 81% of the women experienced no spotting or breakthrough bleeding. When the findings of this study are compared with the findings of an earlier study with also a seven-week cycle but with other oral contraceptives, it can be concluded that Minulet offered an excellent cycle control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Grandmultiparity--not to be feared? An analysis of grandmultiparous women receiving modern antenatal care.

OBJECTIVE: To document the reproductive performance of grandmultiparous women receiving modern antenatal care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2784 multiparous (882 grandmultiparous) mothers delivered in a base hospital obstetric unit staffed by western-trained midwives and consultant obstetrical staff. RESULTS: There were minimal differences in major antenatal, peripartum and neonatal outcome events, with the exception of a high rate of gestational and pre-existing diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This data supports the opinion that grandmultiparity per se is not necessarily a major risk factor for either mother or fetus. Similarly, the mature grandmultigravida in this population was not at significantly increased risk of the alleged associations of increased parity and advancing maternal age, with the exception of diabetes. Together with the combined prevalence of maternal anemia this requires further investigation and probable intervention, particularly in the light of recent speculation concerning the fetal and infant origins of adult disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nepal: integrating traditional and modern health services in the remote area of Bashkharka.

Within a framework of Primary Health Care (PHC) and Health Promotion (HP), the focus of this paper is on integrating traditional and modern health care in the remote area of Bashkharka, Nepal. The relevance to integrated health care of factors such as geography, ethnicity, religion, national infrastructure and international development agencies are discussed. Issues concerning the relationship between the theory and practice of PHC and HP are raised.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1979

Femoral neuropathy due to compression by retroperitoneal haemorrhage: a modern evaluation.

We report a case of femoral neuropathy due to retroperitoneal haemorrhage occurring during the administration of heaprin. The site of the hematoma is illustrated in the CT scan. It is emphasised that the modern assessment of peripheral neuropathies in the lower limbs associated with retroperitoneal haemorrhage by means of CT scan will promote our understanding of the natural history of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Perinatal outcome and long-term follow-up associated with modern management of diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine outcomes in pregnancies complicated by class F diabetes mellitus cared for at a single center, and to assess renal function in these women. METHODS: A retrospective review (1988-1994) of all pregnant women with class F diabetes was performed, as well as an evaluation of current renal function. RESULTS: Forty-six pregnancies in 45 women reached a mean (+/- standard deviation) gestational age of 35.8 +/- 2.3 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 2623 +/- 818 g. No deliveries occurred before 30 weeks and 39 (84%) were at least 34 weeks. Perinatal survival was 100%. Women with initial serum creatinine exceeding 1.5 mg/dL or more than 3 g/24 hours proteinuria had an increased risk of early delivery, lower birth weight, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery. Twenty-four individuals (53%) developed preeclampsia and seven met criteria for severe preeclampsia. By the third trimester, 26 women(58%) had greater than a 1 g/24 hour increase in proteinuria and 16 (36%) demonstrated more than a 15% fall in creatinine clearance. Follow-up was obtained in 34 subjects with a mean duration of 2.8 years. Individuals with initial creatinine clearance greater than 90 mL/minute and less than 1 g of protein per 24 hours had less loss of renal function at follow-up, as measured by creatinine clearance. At follow-up, mean protein excretion had decreased 1.9 g/24 hours from third-trimester values, but eight women (24%) maintained protein excretion exceeding 3 g/24 hours. CONCLUSION: Modern management of class F patients can result in good perinatal outcomes. Renal function studies early in pregnancy can be used to define the risk of perinatal morbidity and long-term progression of renal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gas chromatographic determination of some modern pesticides in fruits.

A method was developed for determination for residual amounts of some modern insecticides, acaricides and fungicides in fruits. The pesticides were extracted with methanol and partitioned into chloroform. The extract was purified by column chromatography on sodium sulphate/Florisil/Celite/charcoal. Analysis by gas liquid chromatography with 63Ni electron capture detection was completed successively on a column (150 cm x 4 mm) with 3% SE-30 and a column (150 cm x 2 mm with 3% OV-17 liquid phase. Recoveries of 17 pesticides from fortified samples of apples ranged from 83.3% to 98.4% for a level of 0.1 mg/kg.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1991

Modern metal processing for improved load-bearing surgical implants.

A review of modern methods for preparing metallic alloys that could be useful for the fabrication of load-bearing metallic biomaterials is presented. The use of rapid solidification processing and surface modification of metals by ion implantation or surface coatings and variations thereof is used currently for the formation of novel metallic alloys in other high-tech fields, notably the optoelectronics industry. Further studies to explore potential benefits for surgical implant fabrication through the application of these technologies is recommended.

Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern history of child sexual abuse awareness: cycles of discovery and suppression.

In the last century and a half, public and professional awareness of sexual abuse has emerged and been suppressed repeatedly. The 20th-century suppression of the problem has been linked to Freudianism, sexual modernism, and gender politics. Recent awareness of sexual abuse differs from awareness in the past because of the significant amount of current research attesting to the prevalence of sexual abuse and its injurious impact on human development. However, in the contemporary mental health professions, the courts, and the media, there has emerged an influential backlash against the latest discovery of child sexual victimization that utilizes arguments employed during earlier periods of suppression. Knowledge of the earlier cycles of discovery and suppression can assist professionals in understanding and countering present attempts to deny or minimize the problem of child sexual abuse.

Awareness↗
PubMed1977

Modern approach to the patient with acute myocardial infarction.

This presentation has described the modern approach to the patient presenting with chest pain suspected as acute myocardial infarction. Noninvasive and invasive methods have been applied to estimate the extent of the myocardial damage and to monitor the electrical, hemodynamic and metabolic changes during the acute phase. In addition to the use of standard analgesics and antiarrhythmics, measurement of the determinants of left ventricular function by noninvasive and invasive techniques provides a physiologic basis for administration of available pharmacologic agents that can alter the afterload, contractile state, preload, heart rate, metabolic state and infarct size. Information from the Swan-Ganz catheter can describe hemodynamic categories that can be optimally managed by regulation of the left ventricular filling pressure. Patients managed in this manner can be identified for early hospital discharge at 7-10 days. Other patients less than 50 years of age or those experiencing recurrent arrhythmias, ischemic pain or evidence of left ventricular dysfunction may be candidates for coronary arteriography and left ventricular angiography before hospital discharge.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of renal angiomyolipoma by traditional and modern imaging in a case of tuberous sclerosis.

Renal angiomyolipoma is known to affect mainly patients with tuberous sclerosis, although it can be found in a significant number of otherwise normal individuals. Few cases have been published in which angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma occurred in the same kidney. In such cases the radiologist may be asked if it is possible to distinguish between the two tumors in the same kidney. The present case report describes systemic traditional and modern imaging of huge bilateral angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis. The analysis of the data implies that, although the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma can be established with noninvasive techniques only, it is impossible to distinguish between the two mentioned tumors if they coexist in the same kidney, even if all available imaging techniques are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 5/5. Perspectives in mutation epidemiology. 5. Modern medical practice versus environmental mutagens: their possible dysgenic impact.

We do not know how many mutations are being produced in human populations by exposure to environmental mutagens. If these mutagens caused a persistent rise in mutation rates, then ultimately there would be a proportional increase in the frequency of a variety of genetic diseases, including those that are difficult to treat and that require life-long care of affected individuals. In contrast, modern medical practices are relaxing selection pressure selectively with respect to disease, leading to a gradual increase in the frequency of certain genetic and partly genetic diseases that can be effectively treated. The pattern of this increase would differ from condition to condition, depending upon the mode of inheritance and the extent to which selection is relaxed; except for some special cases, the anticipated increase would generally be slow. Additional economic burdens on future society and families imposed by relaxed selection would mainly involve expenditures for relatively inexpensive treatments, and not those for expensive life-long care. Moreover, individuals treated successfully can be expected to contribute productively to society. With education and counseling for those who survive serious dominant and X-linked disorders, and with the development of accurate, inexpensive prenatal diagnosis, the presumed dysgenic effects of relaxed selection could be balanced.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1995

Mapping cognitive brain function with modern high-resolution electroencephalography.

High temporal resolution is necessary to resolve the rapidly changing patterns of brain activity that underlie mental function. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides temporal resolution in the millisecond range, which would seem to make it an ideal complement to other imaging modalities, traditional EEG technology and practice provides insufficient spatial detail to identify relationships between brain electrical events and structures and functions that are visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET). Recent advances overcome this problem by recording EEGs from more electrodes, by registering EEG data with anatomical information from each subject's MRI, and by correcting the distortion that is caused by volume conduction of EEG signals through the skull and scalp. Along with its ability to record how brains think when performing everyday activities in the real world, these advances make modern EEG an invaluable complement to other functional neuroimaging modalities.

Brain↗