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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A monitoring system to detect changes in public health surveillance data.

One task faced by public health surveillance practitioners is the timely identification of data patterns that might suggest the onset of an epidemic period. Many available techniques for analysis of surveillance data are based on sequential procedures, which predict expected numbers of cases and compare this estimate with observed values. To detect changes in the reported occurrence of a disease (increase, decrease, or change in trend), we used exponential smoothing and transformation of the difference between the observed and estimated data to calculate a function called the probability index. We illustrate this procedure using weekly provisional data for measles cases in the US reported through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The method is potentially useful in public health surveillance to facilitate prompt intervention and prevention efforts, since it can be used at the national and regional levels without the requirement for sophisticated computing.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized arrhythmia monitoring systems: a review.

The principles and different types of commercially available computerized ventricular arrhythmia detection algorithms are reviewed. Algorithms use either the feature extraction method or the cross correlation method. There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. The trend is to use some aspects of both methods. The American Hospital Association database may radically change the marketplace. Whether or not a system is successful in a clinical setting is dependent upon many factors including 1) whether the nurses believed that they were part of the decision process; 2) the human engineering for ease of everyday use; 3) the extent and type of in-service education; and 4) the number of false-positives and false-negatives called by the algorithm.

American Heart Association↗
PubMed1983

A computer-based monitoring system for follow-up of elevated blood pressure.

An automated surveillance system utilizing a computer-based medical record system (COSTAR) was designed to improve the follow-up of patients with newly identified elevated diastolic blood pressure. A population of patients was selected where, in the 6-month period following the initial measurement of an elevated diastolic blood pressure, there were fewer than two visits during which blood pressure was recorded. In a randomized controlled clinical trial, this poor follow-up population was divided into two groups, with computer-generated reminders being automatically generated for only patients in the experimental group. Follow-up was significantly improved in the group receiving the reminders, both in terms of rate of follow-up attempted or achieved by the responsible physician and in the repeated recording of blood pressure. We conclude that a computer-based reminder system improves follow-up of newly discovered elevation in diastolic blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Monitoring systemic donor lymphocyte macrochimerism to aid the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after liver transplantation can be difficult because early symptoms are often nonspecific. In this study, the presence of donor lymphocyte macrochimerism in recipient peripheral blood was examined as a diagnostic aid for GvHD after cadaveric donor liver transplantation. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2002, 33 liver transplant recipients with a clinical suspicion of GvHD (skin rash, diarrhea, pyrexia, pancytopenia, or anemia, without an obvious alternative cause) were investigated for peripheral blood donor lymphocyte macrochimerism. Donor macrochimerism was determined at the time of first clinical presentation by a low-sensitivity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles using genomic DNA extracted from recipient peripheral blood. Where donor HLA alleles were detected, the percentage of donor T cells was quantified by two-color flow cytometric analysis using antibodies specific for mismatched donor and recipient HLA alleles. The relationship between the presence or absence of donor lymphocyte macrochimerism and final diagnoses based on clinical and histological criteria was examined. RESULTS: Seven of the 33 patients were PCR positive for donor HLA alleles. All had macrochimerism, with donor T lymphocyte levels ranging from 4% to 50% of circulating lymphocytes. All seven patients had normal liver function tests, skin rash, and diagnosis of GvHD histologically confirmed by skin or gut biopsies. Twenty-six patients were PCR negative, and, in 23, an alternative diagnosis was eventually established. The remaining three patients made a rapid and spontaneous recovery with no further symptoms suggestive of GvHD. CONCLUSIONS: Donor lymphocyte macrochimerism was present in all patients in whom the diagnosis of GvHD was confirmed. In patients with symptoms consistent with GvHD and a negative PCR for donor HLA, an alternative diagnosis was eventually established or the patients recovered spontaneously. Detection of donor HLA alleles in recipient peripheral blood by PCR is a useful diagnostic tool for GvHD after liver transplantation.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Development of an automated large-scale protein-crystallization and monitoring system for high-throughput protein-structure analyses.

Protein crystallization remains one of the bottlenecks in crystallographic analysis of macromolecules. An automated large-scale protein-crystallization system named PXS has been developed consisting of the following subsystems, which proceed in parallel under unified control software: dispensing precipitants and protein solutions, sealing crystallization plates, carrying robot, incubators, observation system and image-storage server. A sitting-drop crystallization plate specialized for PXS has also been designed and developed. PXS can set up 7680 drops for vapour diffusion per hour, which includes time for replenishing supplies such as disposable tips and crystallization plates. Images of the crystallization drops are automatically recorded according to a preprogrammed schedule and can be viewed by users remotely using web-based browser software. A number of protein crystals were successfully produced and several protein structures could be determined directly from crystals grown by PXS. In other cases, X-ray quality crystals were obtained by further optimization by manual screening based on the conditions found by PXS.

Automation↗
PubMed1986

Bone marrow purging procedure in Burkitt lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies and complement: quantification by a liquid cell culture monitoring system.

Using B1, Y29/55 and AL2 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to target Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines, we defined optimal conditions to lyse, in the presence of baby rabbit complement, BL cells in excess bone marrow (BM). After the purging procedure, down to one residual BL cell in 10(6) normal ones was detectable with a liquid cell culture assay. Using a cocktail of three MoAbs, on five different cell lines were observed more than 4 log BL cell depletion in samples contaminated with 1% BL cells and only one failure of the procedure on 17 experiments. However, a sixth line was constantly resistant to the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of a second-generation electrochemical blood glucose monitoring system.

One hundred and ninety-five diabetic patients attending hospital clinics gave blood samples to test the accuracy and precision of a second generation glucose sensor (satellite G, MediSense Inc., Abingdon, UK) with particular emphasis on its performance with venous blood. Sensor results correlated closely with a standard laboratory method; analysis of residuals showed no deviation from zero slope. Mean percentage difference was low (< +/- 6.0%) and the 95% limits of agreement were < +/- 30% with both capillary and venous blood. Error Grid Analysis showed that none of the measurements would have led to serious management errors. Precision of the system was good with coefficients of variation (CV) between 2.8% and 7.1% for glucose concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 24.0 mmol l-1. The mean CV for duplicate measurements was 5.4% with capillary and 4.4% with venous blood. We conclude that the electrochemical glucose method gives accurate and precise measurements of venous and capillary blood glucose.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Signal quality in a three-channel ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring system.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings are not infrequently hampered by technical artefacts. Verification of good original signal level and an adequate number of ECG channels should enhance the quality. METHODS: Data from all three-channel (mV5, mV1, III) recordings in Peijas hospital during one-calendar year were prospectively collected. A total of 255 recordings (24 h n = 239, and 48 h n = 16) made for 247 patients were analysed. Relative signal strength number (integer scale 5-0) was registered during hook-up. Final quality of recordings were afterwards evaluated with a three-point semi-quantitative scale by an experienced physician. RESULTS: The signal strength number was adequate (>or=3) in all 241 available cases. Distribution of signal strength did not significantly vary between ECG channels. The overall quality of recordings was 'good' in three-fourth of the cases and only were they seldom 'poor'. Signal strength and quality ratings were not significantly interrelated. The quality was, as expected, better in 24 h recording than in 48 recordings, and it was also better in channel III than in channel mV5. CONCLUSIONS: The original signal strength level (impedance) is not a crucial fact in ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings as long as it is within (specified) acceptable limits. In terms of quality, a third (inferior) ECG channel is recommendable.

Adolescent↗