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PubMed2001

[Treatment of Baume class IV pulp diseases with calcium hydroxide: a clinical experimental study in Dakar].

The calcium hydroxide used as intracanalar temporary medication in modern endodontics, is the aim of this clinical and radiographic appraisal of endodontic treatment during two sessions (HESS J. C. and all. 1990); on 22 mature permanent teeth with peri apical lesion. In this second Dakar serial study, the mediate disinfection during 6 weeks in average, was followed by a root canal filling for: 11 mono-radicular teeth by compactage of gutta percha, adjusted monocone for 11 pluri-radicular teeth; and so by definitive coronal restoration. The direct magistral preparations used in this study are not expensive, but simple and efficient; our endodontic processing (pre-treatment and treatment) end up at clinical silence and radiographic apical healing in 90.91% of cases after 9 months for 66.67% of root canal filling located at the safety apical limit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The formol-ether concentration technique for intestinal parasites: comparing 0.1 N sodium hydroxide with normal saline preparations.

The formol-ether method is a widely used technique for stool examination. We performed a comparative study of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and normal saline preparation for the formol-ether technique in the detection of intestinal parasites. Of 30 parasite-containing stool samples, 22 (73%) were positive by 0.1 N NaOH and 18 (60%) were positive by normal saline. The detection rate of both preparations was not significantly different (p>0.05).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The correction of metabolic acidosis by the instillation of 0.1N sodium hydroxide in an experimental model].

The critically ill patient, during the natural course of the disease often presents acid-base disturbances acidosis being the most common metabolic problem. Sodium bicarbonate has been used, for its correction but due to complications its use is restricted. In the present experimental study, mixed race dogs were artificially induced metabolic acidosis with in chloride acid. Arterial and venous blood gases were determined. Afterwards 0.1N sodium hydroxide was administered in the same amount statistically demonstrating modifications, in the pH values, as well as an excess of arterial and venous base which indicates the possibility of using this substance in humans to correct metabolic acidosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1992

Aluminium hydroxide uptake in the stomach and in the intestine of the rat: a histochemical study.

Using the histochemical stains aluminon, solochrome azurine and solochrome cyanine, intracellular binding of aluminium was examined in the mucosa of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum of adult rats. A first group of rats (n = 42) was sacrificed 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after a single (300 mg x kg-1) oral administration of aluminium hydroxide. A second group of animals (n = 30) received daily the same dose of Al(OH)3 and was euthanatized after 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days of treatment. Aluminium deposits occurred only in the antral glands of the stomach and in rats treated for at least 3 days. The reactive deposits are located in the cytoplasm of the upper glandular cells and in the lumen of the antral glands. These results suggest that aluminium is absorbed through the antral mucosa and may be re-excreted through the glandular mucus flow into the digestive lumen where it will be absorbed again. We hypothesize that the metal could act as a delayed-effect drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of drugs inhibiting the formation of hydroxide radicals on healing of experimental corneal ulcer].

The 60 per cent water solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the investigations. It was instilled into the conjunctival sac of an eye with experimental corneal ulceration. The dimethyl sulfoxide is inhibiting the formation of hydroxide radicals which cause a damage of the tissue in the course of inflammation. Clinical observations as well as histochemical and histopathological examinations showed that ulcerations treated by dimethyl sulfoxide healed faster than those from the control group and reactions to acid mucopolysaccharides++ returned more rapidly to normal values.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Success rate of direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide].

Aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the success rate of direct pulp-capping treatment using calcium hydroxide-containing agents according to the age of the patient, the type of tooth and the person who performed the treatment. Over a period of seven years a total of 659 patients were treated. 763 direct pulp-cappings were recorded. From these 308 patients a total of 359 pulp-cappings (= 100%) were reexamined one to eight years after treatment. 45.1% of the reexamined teeth were in males and 54.9% in females. 61.7% of the treated teeth were in the upper and 38.8% in the lower jaw. Out of the 359 teeth (= 100%) the success rate was 61% (219 teeth); while 113 teeth (31.4%) had received a root canal treatment and 27 (7.6%) had been extracted. In this study the success rate depended on the group of teeth. It decreased continuously from the anterior teeth to the molars. The central incisors showed the highest (83.3%) and the wisdom teeth the lowest (38.9%) success rate. In addition, the success rate decreased with increasing age of the patients. The most successful treatments (76.4%) were registered in the group of patients, aged 10-19 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effect of radiosynovectomy with holmium-166 ferric hydroxide macroaggregate on adult equine cartilage.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of radiosynovectomy with holmium-166 ferric hydroxide macroaggregate (166Ho-FHMA) on articular cartilage in 6 adult horses. METHODS: Arthritic changes and mechanical properties of articular cartilage were evaluated with arthroscopy and postmortem microscopic analyses. Glycosaminoglycan content was measured by safranin-O staining combined with digital densitometry, uronic acid analyses, and dimethylene blue binding assay. 35S-sulfate labeling and autoradiography were used to localize proteoglycan synthesis and to characterize proteoglycan structures using SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. Northern hybridizations were performed to measure the mRNA levels for aggrecan and pro-a1(II) collagen in cartilage samples. RESULTS: Histological signs of degeneration were present in the articular cartilage of both control and radiosynovectomized equine joints. Radiosynovectomy did not aggravate degenerative changes or significantly alter the matrix glycosaminoglycan content. A slightly decreased size of proteoglycan monomers was observed 2 months after 166Ho-FHMA radiosynovectomy. Tissue analysis of extracted proteoglycans revealed lower 35S incorporation after radiosynovectomy, but corresponding changes could not be observed in aggrecan mRNA levels. Transient downregulation of pro-a1(II) collagen mRNA transcription was observed 5 days after 166Ho-FHMA radiosynovectomy. CONCLUSION: 166Ho-FHMA treatment did not markedly affect the composition or morphology of adult articular cartilage showing mild degeneration. However, minor degradation of proteoglycan monomers and transient downregulation of pro-a1(II) collagen mRNA were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide pulpectomies in baboon primary molars: histological responses.

AIM: To compare histological responses to zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) and calcium hydroxide (CH) pulpectomies in primary molar teeth with inflamed pulps. STUDY DESIGN: This was an experimental study in 17 juvenile baboons (Papio ursinus). METHODS: Pulpitis was induced with fresh human carious dentine or Streptococcus mutans placed into occlusal cavities in 78 primary molars; after 14 days a pulpectomy was performed on the same primary molars with the two root fillings randomly allocated. The root canal openings were then covered with IRM and the cavity filled with amalgam. After 90 days specimens were harvested and examined under the light microscope with the examiner blind to the treatment. RESULTS: Reaction frequencies in the ZOE-treated versus CH-treated teeth were: no recognisable pulp 89% and 82%, internal root resorption 0% and 1%, external root resorption 11% and 24%, presence of bacteria 5% and 18%, periapical abscesses 24% and 52%. STATISTICS: Fisher's exact probability test showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of periapical abscesses in the CH-treated group (P=0.03, relative risk 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: ZOE pulpectomy is preferred to CH for the treatment of infected pulps in primary molars.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Periapical repair and apical closure of a pulpless tooth using calcium hydroxide--a case report.

A case with a open apex and a large periapical lesion in a 10 year old boy is presented. The lesion formed as a result of necrosis from trauma to a maxillary right central incisor 1 year ago. Apical closure and complete healing of periapical lesion was observed after non-surgical endodontic treatment using calcium hydroxide paste. This report suggests that even large periapical lesions could respond favourably to non-surgical treatment.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2005

The comparison of a dentin adhesive with calcium hydroxide as a pulp-capping agent on the exposed pulps of human and sheep teeth.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a one-step dentin bonding agent (Prime&Bond 2.1) in pulp capping compared with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Thirty sheep teeth and 20 intact human premolars were used. After cavity preparation, pulp exposure was achieved with a bur (#390). Adhesive pulp capping was performed in 25 teeth (15 sheep and 10 human). In the control group (12 sheep and 10 human teeth), pulps were capped with Ca(OH)2 and all of the cavities in both groups were sealed with resin composite. Three of the sheep teeth were used as intact controls. Teeth were extracted 7 or 90 days following treatment and prepared for histological examination and bacterial detection. RESULTS: At 7 days, severe inflammatory responses underlying the bonding agent and in the coronal pulp were observed with soft tissue disorganization in both human and sheep teeth capped with Prime&Bond 2.1. All of the teeth capped with Ca(OH)2 exhibited mild inflammatory reactions limited with the perforation area. After 90 days with the bonding agent, in 3 of 9 sheep teeth, chronic inflammatory reactions were significant, while slight pulpal reactions were observed in the others and dentin bridge formation in all of the sheep teeth was found. However, in human pulps, persistent, unresolved inflammation with the lack of dentin bridge formation was observed. In the Ca(OH)2 group, pulp repair with dentin bridging was found in all of the teeth, both sheep and human. No correlation was found between the presence of inflammation and bacterial staining using Spearman rank correlation test (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Prime&Bond 2.1 facilitates enhanced pulp healing and bridge formation in sheep teeth, but in human teeth it was not as successful as Ca(OH)2 as a pulp capping agent.

Acetone↗
PubMed2005

[Histological evaluation of direct pulp capping with a self-etching adhesive and calcium hydroxide].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the beagles' pulp response following direct pulp capping with Clearfil SE BOND (SB). METHODS: 130 sound teeth were used. 120 had their pulps mechanically exposed and were divided in two groups. In group A, teeth were capped with SB. In group B, teeth were capped with calcium hydroxide (CH). The left 10 teeth were used as control. After 7, 30 and 90 days, the teeth were extracted and processed for light microscopical examination. RESULTS: In 7 day observation period, inflammatory reaction in SB group was slighter than that of CH group, but the difference was statistical insignificant. In the 30 day and 90 day observation period, inflammatory reaction was slight in both groups, but specimens with dentin bridge formation was significantly less in SB group than in CH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SB showed acceptable biocompatibility with pulp, but its ability to induce hard tissue barrier on pulp exposure is weaker than CH.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sevelamer hydrochloride versus aluminum hydroxide: effect on serum phosphorus and lipids in CAPD patients.

BACKGROUND: Dietary phosphorus restriction, oral administration of phosphorus binders, and dialysis are the main strategies to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Aluminum hydroxide (AH) and calcium carbonate, the most commonly used phosphorus binders, have serious disadvantages, such as aluminum toxicity and hypercalcemia. Sevelamer hydrochloride (SH) is a relatively new nonabsorbed calcium- and aluminum-free phosphorus binder. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of SH in the control of hyperphosphatemia and its effect, compared to AH, on serum lipid parameters in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: 30 stable patients on CAPD were included in an open-label, randomized crossover study. After a 2-week phosphorus binder washout period, 15 patients (group I) were administered SH for 8 weeks and in the remaining patients (group II), AH was introduced (phase A). After a new 2-week washout period, patients crossed over to the alternate agent for another 8 weeks (phase B). RESULTS: There were similar reductions in serum phosphorus levels over the course of the study with both agents: by 1.18 +/- 0.07 mg/dL (0.38 +/- 0.03 mmol/L) with SH and by 1.25 +/- 0.15 mg/dL (0.40 +/- 0.05 mmol/L) with AH in phase A (p = NS), and by 1.35 +/- 0.25 mg/dL (0.43 +/- 0.08 mmol/L) with AH and by 1.23 +/- 0.80 mg/dL (0.39 +/- 0.25 mmol/L) with SH in phase B (p = NS). Moreover, SH administration was associated with a 10.5% +/- 9.4% and a 20.1% +/- 6.8% fall in total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and low-density Lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) in phase A, and 11.9% +/- 7.2% (p < 0.05) and 21.5% +/- 2.4% (p < 0.001), respectively, in phase B. In both phases of the study, AH administration was not followed by a significant change in serum lipid parameters. CONCLUSION: Sevelamer hydrochloride is a well-tolerated alternative to calcium- or aluminum-containing phosphorus binder in the control of serum phosphorus in CAPD patients. Furthermore, SH improves the lipid profile in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of endodontic management of teeth with unformed apices with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) for their efficacies and time taken for formation of apical biological calcific barriers and resolution of periapical radiolucencies, if present at baseline, in teeth with unformed apices. METHODS: Twenty nonvital permanent maxillary incisors with unformed apices, stratified according to the size of periapical radiolucencies and stage of root development, were equally allocated to MTA and Ca(OH)2 groups. In group 1 (MTA group), after 7 days of disinfection with Ca(OH)2, MTA was packed into the apical one third of the root canals and obturation with gutta percha (GP) was performed in 90% (9/10) of cases within 15 to 30 days. In group 2 (Ca(OH)2 group), obturation was performed following clinical and radiographic depiction of the apical stop. RESULTS: The mean time taken for apical biological barrier formation was 3 +/- 2.9 months for group 1 and 7 +/- 2.5 months for group 2 (P=.008). The periapical radiolucencies were resolved in 4.6 +/- 1.5 months for group 1 and 4.4 +/- 1.3 months for group 2 (P=.83). The total treatment was completed in 0.75 +/- 0.4859 months and 7 +/- 2.5 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 2 materials were found to be equally efficacious in the management of nonvital teeth with unformed apices. Time taken to complete the treatment and the biological barrier formation in group 1 was significantly less than that for group 2. The healing time for periapical radiolucencies was almost identical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of root canal wall cleanliness after calcium hydroxide removal using three irrigation regimens.

AIMS: The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate debris and smear layer elimination capability effectiveness of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) after calcium hydroxide removal from the root canal and to determine if ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid have any additional effects on debris and smear layer removal. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All irrigation regimens are associated with ultrasonics. Thirty-six pulpless single-rooted teeth were divided into three groups on the basis of the irrigation regimen, namely 5.25% NaOCl alone, 5.25% NaOCl with 17% EDTA pH 7 (NaOCl-EDTA), and 5.25% NaOCl with 50% citric acid (NaOCl-CA). All root canals were instrumented with the Protaper rotary system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using a crown-down approach. The apical foramen of each tooth was enlarged to a size 30 with a 0.09 taper. After longitudinal sectioning, the dentin walls were microphotographed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a 1500x magnification. Using a grid and a 5-step scale these microphotographs were scored by three investigators in order to evaluate debris and smear layer residuals. Data were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: In the coronal third the lowest score obtained with NaOCl-CA was similar to NaOCl-EDTA. When using NaOCl-EDTA, mean debris scores were similar to the control group (NaOCl) and lower than NaOCl-CA in the middle and apical thirds. Regarding the mean smear layer score, NaOCl-CA was the lowest in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: When the total surface of the root was evaluated, NaOCl-EDTA was superior in removing debris, but the association of NaOCl-CA enabled the most effective removal of the smear layer.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2006

Clinical and microbiological effect of calcium hydroxide protection in indirect pulp capping in primary teeth.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinically and microbiologically the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) on carious dentin on primary teeth submitted to indirect pulp capping (IPC). METHODS: Twenty 4-7 year-old subjects with 42 treated teeth participated in the study. The treatment consisted of incomplete excavation of the demineralized dentin, application of a CH or gutta-percha (GP) layer and sealing with a resin-based composite for 4-7 months. After cavity preparation and sealing, the dentin was evaluated clinically (color and consistency) and microbiologically. Dentin samples were cultured on blood agar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in Mitis Salivarius agar and Rogosa SL agar. RESULTS: 39 teeth (20 in the CH Group and 19 in the GP Group) were reopened 4-7 months post-treatment for clinical and microbiological evaluation. In all teeth, the initial demineralized dentin was wet and soft or leathery. In the CH Group, 10% of the lesions were yellow, 80% light brown and 10% dark brown and in the GP Group, 94.7% were light brown and 5.3% dark brown. After treatment, the dentin was dry, 90% (Group CH) and 84.2% (Group GP) were dark brown. The final consistency was either leathery or hard. Three samples in the CH Group and five in Group GP changed from soft to leathery; only one sample (GP) remained leathery. 85% in the CH Group and 68.4% in GP Group turned hard after treatment. All bacterial counts decreased significantly by the end of treatment. In the CH Group, the bacterial (Log10 CFU + 1) anaerobic growth decreased from 4.84 +/- 1.31 to 1.35 +/- 1.54, aerobic from 4.09 +/- 1.04 to 0.92 +/- 1.30 and lactobacilli from 3.24 +/- 1.22 to 0.36 +/- 0.89, respectively; the mutans streptococci from 2.05 +/- 1.84 to 0.14 +/- 0.60. In GP Group, anaerobic growth decreased from 5.22 +/- 0.96 to 2.02 +/- 1.65 and aerobic from 4.23 +/- 1.37 to 1.08 +/- 1.29 and lactobacilli from 2.06 +/- 1.81 to 0.00 +/- 0.00, respectively; the mutans streptococci from 3.16 +/- 1.59 to 0.28 +/- 0.84.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1991

Effect of different doses of aluminium hydroxide on renal deterioration and nutritional state in experimental chronic renal failure.

To investigate the effects of aluminium hydroxide (AH), a phosphate binder, on the progress of chronic renal diseases, high doses (9.6 g/kg/day, group ADR-H), moderate doses (2.4 g/kg/day, group ADR-M), and low doses (1.2 g/kg/day, group ADR-L) of the compound, were orally administered for 34 weeks to rats with Adriamycin (ADR)-induced focal glomerular sclerosis. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower in either group ADR-H or ADR-M than in group ADR at week 34. Urinary protein excretion was significantly lower in group ADR-H than in group ADR in all observation periods and was also lower in group ADR-M than in group ADR at weeks 28 and 32. Both glomerular sclerosis and tubular change were significantly less severe in group ADR-H, while tubular change was less marked in group ADR-M than in group ADR. These results revealed that phosphate depletion was induced, and progressive renal failure was ameliorated in proportion to the dosing of AH. On the other hand, body weight was significantly smaller in group ADR-H than in group ADR in more than half of the observation period. In conclusion, a high dose of AH may adversely affect the nutritional state irrespective of having an extremely protective effect on progress of renal dysfunction. Appropriate doses of AH should be used to prevent the renal deterioration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Removal of two calcium hydroxide preparations: S.E.M. study].

Calcium hydroxide is one of the most often medication used for temporary treatment in endodontics. Different forms of preparation are available. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the elimination of the pharmaceutical and the commercial forms of presentation. The aspect of the dentinal walls were analysed using SEM and X-ray microanalysis. The results show that Ca(OH)2 removal is difficult but there is no significant difference of elimination between the two forms.

Calcium Hydroxide↗