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PubMed1999

Surviving cancer competently intervention program (SCCIP): a cognitive-behavioral and family therapy intervention for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their families.

Psychological reactions to having had childhood cancer often continue after treatment ends, for survivors and their parents. Based on our previous research, we developed an intervention program for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, their parents, and siblings. Surviving Cancer Competently: An Intervention Program--SCCIP--is a one-day family group intervention that combines cognitive-behavioral and family therapy approaches. The goals of SCCIP are to reduce symptoms of distress and to improve family functioning and development. SCCIP is described and data from a pilot study of 19 families are presented. Program evaluation data indicated that all family members found SCCIP helpful. Standardized measures administered before the intervention and again at 6 months after SCCIP showed that symptoms of posttraumatic stress and anxiety decreased. Changes in family functioning were more difficult to discern. Overall, the results were promising with regard to the feasibility of the program and its potential for reducing symptoms of distress for all family members.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Serratia marcescens forms a new type of cytolysin.

Most Serratia marcescens strains produce a new type of cytolysin (hemolysin) which is also found in other Serratia species. The hemolytic polypeptide ShlA (M(r) 162 101) is secreted across the outer membrane through the help of the ShlB protein which also involves conversion of an inactive precursor in an hemolytically active form. Both proteins are synthesized with signal sequences which are released during export across the cytoplasmic membrane. Mutants expressing inactive ShlB derivatives are impaired in activation and secretion suggesting a tight coupling between both processes. The region of ShlA for activation and secretion is confined to the N-terminal 16% of the polypeptide which contains the sequence NPNG which is also found in the Proteus hemolysin, the Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin and two highly expressed outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae. Substitution of the first asparagine (N) residue by isoleucine converts the Serratia hemolysin into an inactive secretion incompetent form. It is concluded that this region is recognized by ShlB for activation and secretion of ShlA. The Serratia hemolysin forms defined pores in erythrocyte membranes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Bowlers' grip.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1999

The human-horse relationship: how much do we know?

Human relationships or interactions with horses have varied throughout history depending on human needs, but it is horses' ability to carry a human individual that has had perhaps the greatest impact on their relationship with man. Despite our long association with the horse, there have been few studies on human-horse relationships. There is little historical evidence on individual relationships with horses but indications of strong human-horse relationships have been noted in mounted societies, such as North American Plains Indians. Riding a horse has traditionally been associated with power, and was reserved for the ruling elite in many areas. Demographic data suggest that human relationships with horses may have changed in recent times. Although the lack of land and the relatively high cost of horse care may reduce the possibility of ownership for many people, the availability of riding establishments and increases in leisure time mean that riding is no longer restricted to the upper classes. There is a wide range in type and intensity of potential interactions with horses, indicating that human-horse relationships are likely to vary considerably. Some people appear to sacrifice a great deal in order to own a horse. However, the motivation behind these activities and the process by which an individual assesses personal costs of ownership versus their perceived benefits remains to be studied. Future research should focus on characterising the human-horse relationship, and the degree of individual and cultural variation. A greater understanding of horse owner perceptions of 'costs' versus 'benefits' may also increase our understanding of the relationship and the economic importance of horses in society.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1977

An investigation into disordered adolescents by means of the Brook Reaction Test.

Three groups of psychologically disordered male adolescents were matched with controls for age and intelligence, on a one-to-one basis. Group a (n = 83) comprised delinquents, this designation being determined by a history of at least one court conviction. All of these were in borstals or approved schools. Group b (n = 65) were delinquent-and-disturbed: these too had had at least one court conviction and, in addition, they were having psychiatric treatment. Members of group b were also in institutions: these included psychiatric hospitals and prisons, as well as borstals and approved schools. Group c (n = 41) consisted of 'disturbed-only' youths: they had had no convictions but were receiving psychiatric treatment. Each group covered a very wide range of intelligence. All the subjects took the Brook Reaction Test, the aim of the inquiry being to ascertain whether this test differentiates (scored blind) between the experimental groups and their controls. Significant differentiation was found on the following Brook indices: (1) Number of points gained on questionable responses; (2) type of questionable response given; (3) sexual responses; (4) pattern of interests. In all six groups richness of interests proved to be associated with high intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Regulation of cutaneous malignancy by gammadelta T cells.

The localization of gammadelta T cells within epithelia suggests that these cells may contribute to the down-regulation of epithelial malignancies. We report that mice lacking gammadelta cells are highly susceptible to multiple regimens of cutaneous carcinogenesis. After exposure to carcinogens, skin cells expressed Rae-1 and H60, major histocompatibility complex-related molecules structurally resembling human MICA. Each of these is a ligand for NKG2d, a receptor expressed by cytolytic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vitro, skin-associated NKG2d+ gammadelta cells killed skin carcinoma cells by a mechanism that was sensitive to blocking NKG2d engagement. Thus, local T cells may use evolutionarily conserved proteins to negatively regulate malignancy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1968

Amino acid flux in an estuary.

Dissolved organic matter in York River estuary included 38 micrograms of free amino acids per liter. The highest concentrations were of glycine, serine, and ornithine. Of the 14 amino acids studied for uptake by planktonic bacteria, glycine, methionine, and serine had the greatest flux rates. The total amino acid flux represented from 1 to 10 percent of the daily photosynthetic carbon fixation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

Requirement of CDC42 for Salmonella-induced cytoskeletal and nuclear responses.

The bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium triggers host cell signaling pathways that lead to cytoskeletal and nuclear responses required for pathogenesis. Here, the role of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein CDC42Hs in these responses was examined. Expression of a dominant interfering mutant of CDC42 (CDC42HsN17) prevented S. typhimurium-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and subsequent macropinocytosis and bacterial internalization into host cells. Cells expressing constitutively active CDC42 (CDC42HsV12) internalized an S. typhimurium mutant unable to trigger host cell responses. Furthermore, expression of CDC42HsN17 prevented S. typhimurium-induced JNK kinase activation. These results indicate that CDC42 is required for bacterial invasion and induction of nuclear responses in host cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Restoration of LDL receptor activity in mutant cells by intercellular junctional communication.

Exchange of small molecules between cells through intercellular junctions is a widespread phenomenon implicated in many physiological and developmental processes. This type of intercellular communication can restore the activity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in mammalian cells that are deficient in the enzyme UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase. Pure cultures of the 4-epimerase mutant are unable to synthesize normal carbohydrate chains on LDL receptors and many other glycoproteins and therefore do not express LDL receptor activity. When these cells are cocultivated with cells expressing normal 4-epimerase activity, the structure and function of LDL receptors are restored to normal by the transfer of this enzyme's products through intercellular junctions. The formation of functional junctions does not require normal glycosylation of membrane proteins. Because many convenient assays and selections for LDL receptor activity are available, this mutant can provide a powerful new tool for biochemical and genetic studies of intercellular junctional communication.

Animals↗