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PubMedDate not supplied

Mutagenicity studies on irradiated potatoes and chlorogenic acid; micronucleus test in rats.

The micronucleus test was used to study possible mutagenic effects of (1) Irradiated potatoes extracted (a) immediately and (b) after 24-h storage following irradiation; (2) Irradiated and unirradiated chlorogenic acid; and (3) Trenimon. It was observed that irradiated potatoes (groups 1 a, b) and chlorogenic acid (group 2) did not cause mutagenic effects in the bone-marrow cells of rats. The Trenimon group (group 3), which was used as the positive control group, did show significant mutagenic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Change of an egg allergen in a white layer cake containing gamma-irradiated egg white.

This study was conducted to evaluate the reduction of an egg allergen in a cake containing gamma-irradiated egg white. A white layer cake was manufactured by a commercial formula with 10- or 20-kGy-irradiated egg white. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with immunoglobulin (Ig) E from egg-allergic patients and with rabbit anti-ovalbumin IgG were used to identify and quantify ovalbumin (OVA) in the samples. Concentrations of native OVA detected by IgE and IgG in the control were 432.88 and 375.46 microg/g sample, respectively. However, native OVA in samples with 10- and 20-kGy-irradiated egg white was detected at low concentrations (14.27 and 8.78 microg/g, respectively) by IgE (P < 0.05); IgG recognized OVA more often in 10- and 20-kGy samples than in controls. Conformational cleavage of OVA by irradiation could explain the IgG result. The results appear to suggest that irradiating egg white might reduce its allergenicity, which could be used in the production of baked goods of reduced allergenicity.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

[Influence of gamma-rays on the general acidity and the water-soluble fatty acids of swine and cattle fats].

Studied were the changes in the total acidity and the amount of the water-soluble fatty acids in bovine and swine fats following the irradiation with gamma-rays. The treatment was effected by means of a 60Co source at 12--15 degrees C. The samples were kept at temperatures ranging from 2 to 4 degrees C, and from --18 to --20 degrees C in the course of 45 and 90 days, resp., being irradiated in the presence and absence of oxygen at rates of from 0.1 up to 2.0 Mrad. Results showed that gamma-treated at the rate of up to 2.00 Mrad produces no effect on the changes observed with the total acidity and the changes taking place during storage. The changes of the water-soluble fatty acids in the presence of oxygen, the type of fat, the temperature value, and the period of storage. The higher the irradiation rates used the greater the changes and shorter the time they need to take place. The presence of oxygen also proved of substantial importance for the changes in the amount of the watersoluble fatty acids. Bovine fats proved more sensitive to the changes referred to than swine fats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of irradiated mangoes by means of ESR spectroscopy.

Samples of mango varieties Tommy Atkins, Haiden and Ataulfo were irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation at doses in the range 0.15-1.0 kGy, and stored at room temperature for lapses of time up to 72 h. They were then studied by ESR spectrometry. Results show that the ESR signal of the irradiated samples is higher than that of the unirradiated samples, and this is found even at the minimum radiation dose of 0.15 kGy. The ESR signal remained stable during the storage time. The ESR signals obtained for hydroheated mangoes show insignificant differences with respect to the control samples.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of irradiated wheat flour in the AKR mouse. IV. Effects on reproduction].

Mouse of AKR strain received in their diet, 50% of wheat flour irradiated at 75000 rads or 50% of non irradiated flour during their lifetime. In this part, were analyzed data obtained through 7 consecutive mating : size of litters, weight and growth of pups, lethality in the first days, number of still-born, sex ratio. It was any significant difference between the two groups although many data were better in the test group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiation induced EPR centers in foodstuffs and inorganic materials.

EPR investigations of a variety of irradiated materials have provided the potential for useful dosimetry applications. Herbs and spices imported into Australia have been investigated to establish whether or not they have been irradiated. Post-irradiation studies have shown that there is more than one free radical species in most cases which decay rapidly with time. Changes to transition metal ion signals, e.g., Cu2+ or Fe3+, appear to be permanent against further irradiation. Thus if these signals change upon irradiation, the material almost certainly has not previously been irradiated. Power saturation studies of alanine, a favored dosimetry material, suggest two distinguishable types of behavior consistent with the presence of spin-flip transitions. Irradiation of vanadium doped beryl yields stable VO2+ ions which may provide a useful dosimetry material. Dosimetry applications would appear to demand low cost, user friendly, automated EPR spectrometers. A patented option based on a 2.5 GHz microstrip microwave bridge will be described briefly.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of o-tyrosine in irradiated chicken by reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection.

A method for the measurement of o-tyrosine in irradiated chicken has been developed. The procedure involves the solvent extraction and removal of free o-tyrosine, which is present in unirradiated tissue, followed by acid hydrolysis of bound o-tyrosine in the proteinaceous residue and measurement of the cleaved residues by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Bound o-tyrosine was not detected above 0.01 mg/kg in unirradiated tissue but was observed, in increasing amounts of up to 5.18 mg/kg, when the tissue was irradiated at doses of between 2.5 and 20 kGy. The precision of the analysis was assessed by duplicate determinations, the agreement between duplicates and their respective means averaged 1.7% as defined by the term [(a-b)/(a+b)] x 100% where a and b are the repeat determination values.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photostimulated luminescence detection of irradiated shellfish: international interlaboratory trial.

An interlaboratory trial was conducted to validate photostimulated luminescence (PSL) detection of irradiated shellfish. Five species of shellfish (Nephrops norvegicus, mussels, black tiger prawns, brown shrimps, and king scallops) were presented blind as nonirradiated and irradiated to 0.5 and 2.5 kGy. Precharacterization analysis of each product and treatment was performed on both whole (including shell) and intestinal samples. The results for whole samples (including shell) confirmed that the method was able to distinguish between nonirradiated and irradiated samples, regardless of dose. Intestinal data have identified that the method is dependent on the quantity and sensitivity of grits present within the intestinal tract, which can be assessed using calibration by normalization to 1 kGy. Five laboratories returned both initial screening and calibrated data and sample classification. All laboratories correctly identified all irradiated products using the screening criteria. There were no false positives. The results confirm the validity of the PSL method for shellfish, which has been adopted as a European standard method and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Calibration is required where only intestinal material is available. For whole samples with shell, screening alone is sufficient.

Calibration↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of irradiated wheat flour in the AKR mouse. II. Effects on hematology and activity of a serum enzyme].

Blood samples were collected all six weeks from the tip of the tail of AKR mice fed with irradiated or non irradiated wheat flour. Haematocrit, red and white blood cell counts and differential white cell counts were determined and the activity of p-phenylenediamine oxidase was measured in the serum. No effect attributed to the diet could be demonstrated. We propose a method to detect antemortem the appearance of the AKR leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Histamine and mast cell distribution in the intestinal wall of the germ free and conventional rats. Influence of the mode of sterilization of the diet.

The influence of the mode of sterilization of the diet (gamma-irradiation vs. autoclaving) on the histamine and mast cells distribution in the intestinal mucosa, was studied in germ free (GF) and conventional (CV) rats. Interactions between the diet and the digestive microflora were observed. Histamine concentration and mast cells counts are higher in CV rats small intestine than in GF's. The differences are increased with the irradiated diet. At the opposite in the hindgut, these values are higher in GF than in CV rats, especially in the rats fed the steam sterilized diet. The variations in the wall histamine contents and in the mucosal mast cells counts due to the diet and/or the microflora do not appear to be always correlated.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Yersinia enterocolitica.

Yersinia enterocolitica, a foodborne pathogen, can be eliminated from meat by ionizing radiation. Y. enterocolitica sometimes contains a 70-kb virulence plasmid that encodes genes for a type III secretion channel and host immune suppression factors. The radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Y. enterocolitica was determined. Four Y. enterocolitica serotypes containing (i) the large virulence plasmid, and (ii) their plasmid-less derivatives were inoculated into raw ground pork, which was then vacuum packed and irradiated at 4 degrees C to doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kGy. The D10-value, the radiation dose required to reduce the number of viable Y. enterocolitica by 90%, was not dependent on the presence or absence of the virulence plasmid, but it did differ among the four Y. enterocolitica serotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Changes in the quantity of aldehydes, peroxides, the iodine and saponification number in bovine and swine fats following irradiation with gamma-rays].

The studies were carried out during the process of storing fats obtained from cattle and pigs under refrigeration conditions at plus and minus temperatures. The production of peroxides and epihydrinaldehyde in the fats after irradiation and during storage depended on the presence of oxygen, the rate of treatment, the temperature, and the period of storage. The intensity of production of peroxides and epihydrinaldehyde in the bovine fats was higher than in swine fats. Gamma-treatment at 2.00 Mrad had no effect on the changes of the iodine number and the index of saponification.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed2000

Phylogenetic characterization of a novel radiation-resistant bacterium from irradiated pork: description of Hymenobacter actinosclerus sp. nov.

A phylogenetic analysis was performed on a red-pigmented, radiation-resistant, Gram-negative, rod-shaped organism originating from irradiated pork. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the bacterium was a member of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides line of descent and represents a new subline within the genus Hymenobacter. A new species, Hymenobacter actinosclerus, is described for this novel radiation-resistant bacterium. The type strain of Hymenobacter actinosclerus is CCUG 39621T.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

ESR detection of wheat flour before and after irradiation.

We revealed free radicals in wheat flour before and after gamma-ray irradiation and their thermal behavior during heat-treatment using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR spectrum of wheat flour before irradiation consists of a sextet centered at g = 2.0 and a singlet signal at the same g-value position. The first one is attributable to a signal with hyperfine (hf) interactions of Mn2+ ion (hf constant: 7.4 mT). The second is originated from carbon-centered radical. Upon gamma-ray irradiation, however, a new signal with two triplet lines at the low and high field ends was detected in wheat flour on top of the Mn2+ sextet lines. We analyzed the triplet ESR lines as powder spectra (rhombic g-tensor symmetry) with nitrogen (14N) hyperfine interactions. This indicates that a new organic radical was induced in the conjugated protein portion of wheat flour by the gamma-ray irradiation. Intensity of the organic free radical at g = 2.0 detected in irradiated wheat flour increased monotonically by the thermal treatment. The analysis of the time-dependent evolution and decay process based on the theory of transient phenomena as well as the nonlinear least-squares numerical method provided a unique time constant for the radical evolution and decay in wheat flour during the heat-treatment.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1977

Lack of genetic and cytogenetic effects in mice fed on irradiated wheat.

Experiments were conducted to test the mutagenicity of wheat irradiated with 20 and 200 krad gamma-rays by feeding male and female mice for various periods starting from weaning time. The results obtained from dominant lethal tests, specific locus mutation test, studies on chromosome rearrangements in males and gonadal cell survival studies indicated no positive evidence for genetic and cytogenetic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Radiolysis of alpha, alpha-trehalose in concentrated aqueous solution; the effect of co-irradiated proteins and lipids.

gamma-Radiolysis (dose-rate: 0 X 89 Gy/s) or electron (e)-radiolysis (dose-rate: 5 X 10(7) Gy/s) of unbuffered aqueous solutions of alpha, alpha-trehalose (concentration: 60 mg/ml, radiation dose: 20 kGy) at 0 degree C yielded glucose (Ggamma = 1 X 7; Ge = 0 X 63) and 5-deoxyxylohexodialdose (Ggamma = 0 X 21; Ge = 0 X 05). Buffering at pH-values of 5 X 0 or 5 X 5 and irradiation caused increased formation of these monomeric products, particularly of the deoxy-compound. On addition of increasing amounts of bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin (10-30 mg/ml) and irradiation the yields of products were markedly reduced. The decrease in glucose formation was less pronounced when sperm whale myoglobin was present during gamma- or electron-irradiation. The G-values of 5-deoxyxylohexodialdose, however, were increased by 45 per cent (gamma-irradiation) and 70 per cent (electron-irradiation) at approximately 10 mg/ml of admixed myoglobin. Further increase in myoglobin concentration led to a gradual decrease in the yields of the deoxy-product. The observed effects are explained by scavenging of water radicals and by interactions of the added substrates with sugar radicals. Emulsified lipids (palmitic acid methylester or trilinoleic glycerol) did not affect the radiation-induced formation of products from trehalose.

Deoxy Sugars↗