[University of Florida and Center for Drug Discovery through a visiting scholar's view].
The article introduces University of Florida and the Center for Drug Discovery based on the author's experience as a visiting research fellow.
Florida↗
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Florida's experience with an intrauterine device for the nulliparous patients.
During a two-year study (1971-1973), 1,179 nulliparous patients used a small double-coil intrauterine device for a total of 9,750 woman months of exposure. The continuation rate achieved was 70%, and a low number of pregnancies were reported. Expulsions totaled 11%, a highly acceptable rate among nulliparous patients. Of three nulliparous devices evaluated, the small coil was selected as the device of first choice in Florida's public health clinics although other devices are available. Study of nulliparous IUD patients was only a small part of the overall study of devices. Experience with 65,693 insertions of Saf-T-Coil and Lippes Loop showed a low number of pregnancies with no reported serious effects such as fatalities, ectopic pregnancies or septic abortions. The current threat posed to wide-scale use of proven intrauterine devices by inappropriate reporting and poor understanding of current investigations of IUD safety could produce unfortunate side effects, including a large surge of unwanted pregnancies across the country.
Adolescent↗
Materials and techniques for restoration of primary molars by pediatric dentists in Florida.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of materials and techniques used by pediatric dentistry clinicians for posterior restorations in primary molars and to compare the results to what is being taught in dental schools. METHODS: A form with questions in different formats was mailed to all 180 members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry in Florida. The information requested included material selection for restorations in primary molars and the type of cavity preparation for amalgam and resin-based materials, and the bonding system in use. The response was anonymous, but information about gender and year of graduation for the clinicians was provided. RESULTS: Seventy percent of the clinicians responded to the survey. Resin-based materials were the most commonly selected for Class I and II restorations, while stainless steel crowns were the predominant material when 3 or more surfaces are involved. The slot-type of preparation was the most commonly used for tooth-colored restorations and the fifth generation ("one-bottle system") of bonding agents was the preferred adhesive system in use in primary molars. CONCLUSIONS: Different opinions were found between clinicians and educators in respect to material selection and contraindication criteria for the use of tooth-colored restorations in primary molars.
Child↗
West Nile virus infection in organ donor and transplant recipients--Georgia and Florida, 2002.
On August 23, 2002, the Georgia Division of Public Health (GDPH) and CDC were notified of two cases of unexplained fever and encephalitis in recipients of organ transplants from a common donor. An investigation has identified illness in two other recipients from the same donor: one with encephalopathy and the other with febrile illness. CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, GDPH, and the Florida Department of Health are conducting the investigation. This duster could possibly represent the first recognized transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) by organ donation.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Javiana infections--Orlando, Florida, June 2002.
On July 16, 2002, the Minnesota Department of Health identified two cases of Salmonella serotype Javiana infections among persons who had attended the 2002 U.S. Transplant Games held at theme park A in Orlando, Florida, during June 25-29. Isolates from both patients were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The U.S. Transplant Games is a 4-day athletic competition among recipients of solid organ transplants (i.e., heart, liver, kidney, lung, and pancreas) and bone marrow transplants. Approximately 6,000 persons from the United States and five other countries, including 1,500 transplant-recipient athletes, participated in the games. This report summarizes the results of an ongoing epidemiologic and laboratory investigation that has identified 141 ill persons in 32 states who attended the games.
Adolescent↗
Migration, remittances and development: a study of Caribbean cane cutters in Florida.
The results of a 1981 survey of 302 Caribbean sugarcane cutters who were temporary immigrants in Florida are presented. The focus is on remittances to the islands of origin. The results provide "no evidence that seasonal stateside employment expands agricultural output, or enhances the productive capacity of small farmers in the Caribbean."
Agriculture↗
The impact of cost of living differentials on migration of elderly people to Florida.
"In this paper the determinants of [the] migration [of elderly people] are analyzed with special reference to how cost of living influences the selection of a destination by migrating elderly persons (55 and over) during 1975-1980 [in the United States]. The results of the study support the hypothesis that cost of living differentials provide the elderly an incentive to move that is not unlike the incentive wage differentials provide members of the labor force. The results indicate that cost of living differentials among groups of Florida counties have a major impact on the migration decisions of elderly households."
Adult↗
Adult biting midge response to trap type, carbon dioxide, and an octenol-phenol mixture in northwestern Florida.
The efficacy of Centers for Disease Control, ABC PRO, and counterflow geometry (CFG) mosquito suction traps to sample populations of adult Culicoides was investigated in northwestern Florida. These traps were baited either with a 4:1:8 mixture of octenol, 3-n-propylphenol, and 4-methylphenol alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2). Control traps were operated without the octenol-phenol mixture or CO2. Four species, in order of descending abundance, were collected in all traps regardless of treatment: Culicoides mississippiensis, C. barbosai, C melleus, and C. furens. Midge abundance from traps baited with octenolphenol alone was not significantly different, regardless of species, when compared with traps without the mixture. However, when CO2 or CO2 plus the mixture was used, trap collections of C. mississippiensis and C. barbosai significantly increased, with the latter mixture exhibiting a synergistic effect on trap catch for both species. When this combination was used, the ABC PRO trap collected significantly more C. mississippiensis, whereas the CFG trap caught significantly more C. barbosai compared with all traps powered with 6-V batteries (P < 0.05). The effects of CO2 plus the octenol-phenol mixture on C. melleus collections appeared to be additive only for ABC PRO and CFG traps. Populations of C. furens were sporadic and too low (<0.5% of total collection) to determine any statistically meaningful differences. On the average, CFG traps powered with 12-V batteries only increased midge collection 1.2 times compared with similar traps powered by 6-V batteries. This increase was not significantly different (P > 0.05).
Animals↗
Modeling fish community dynamics in the Florida Everglades: role of temperature variation.
Temperature variation is an important factor in Everglade wetlands ecology. A temperature fluctuation from 17 degrees C to 32 degrees C recorded in the Everglades may have significant impact on fish dynamics. The short life cycles of some of Everglade fishes has rendered this temperature variation to have even more impacts on the ecosystem. Fish population dynamic models, which do not explicitly consider seasonal oscillations in temperature, may fail to describe the details of such a population. Hence, a model for fish in freshwater marshes of the Florida Everglades that explicitly incorporates seasonal temperature variations is developed. The model's main objective is to assess the temporal pattern of fish population and densities through time subject to temperature variations. Fish population is divided into 2 functional groups (FGs) consisting of small fishes; each group is subdivided into 5-day age classes during their life cycles. Many governing sub-modules are set directly or indirectly to be temperature dependent. Growth, fecundity, prey availability, consumption rates and mortality are examples. Several mortality sub-modules are introduced in the model, of which starvation mortality is set to be proportional to the ratio of prey needed to prey available at that particular time step. As part of the calibration process, the model is run for 50 years to ensure that fish densities do not go to extinction, while the simulation period is about 8 years. The model shows that the temperature dependent starvation mortality is an important factor that influences fish population densities. It also shows high fish population densities at some temperature ranges when this consumption need is minimum. Several sensitivity analyses involving variations in temperature terms, food resources and water levels are conducted to ascertain the relative importance of temperature dependence terms.
Animals↗
Licensure in Florida: the beginning of political involvement.
This article presents a report on the licensure campaign of the Florida Occupational Therapy Association (FOTA) beginning with the organization of a licensure committee in November 1974 and ending with the governor's signature seven months later. The licensure campaign provided lessons that can be shared with other groups. It is recommended that the membership be educated and involved, that full consent be obtained from all occupational therapists in the state, that a lobbyist be hired, that compromise be anticipated and be possible, and that organizations seeking licensure be aware that this step is just the beginning of political involvement.
Florida↗
Operational studies with Valent VectoLex WDG, Bacillus sphaericus, in three Florida Mosquito Control Districts.
VectoLex WDG, Bacillus sphaericus (Valent BioSciences Corporation), was evaluated in 3 Florida Mosquito Control Districts under operational conditions. Application rates were 0.5 and 1.0 lb/acre and an untreated control in each district. Study sites included woodland ponds, residential areas such as catch basins, and commercial business retention ponds. Pretreatment and posttreatment assessments were made with a standard dipper at designated dipping stations. The most prevalent mosquitoes included Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, Culex erraticus, Ochlerotatus infirmatus, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Psorophora spp. VectoLex WDG was effective for 24-35 days posttreatment with one application.
Animals↗
Separation of fourth-stage larvae and pupae of Uranotaenia lowii and Ur. sapphirina in Florida.
Easy-to-use characters for separating living 4th-stage larvae and pupal exuviae are given for the 2 species of Uranotaenia that occur in Florida.
Animals↗
Enrollee satisfaction with three Florida Medicaid managed care programs.
A study was undertaken to compare adult enrollees' satisfaction with three Medicaid Programs operating in South Florida: (1) the provider service network (PSN), (2) MediPass, and (3) Medicaid HMOs. The Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study 2.0 Medicaid Adult instrument was used to collect information on four global ratings and five composite ratings. MediPass enrollees were satisfied with their overall health care, whereas PSN enrollees gave only average scores for their doctors, specialists, overall health care, provider communication, and staff helpfulness. The HMO enrollees were satisfied with their specialists, health plan, access to care, promptness of care, staff helpfulness, and member/customer service. Improvements in satisfaction would require different interventions in each of the programs.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of a novel removal trap system to reduce biting midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations in Florida backyards.
A removal trapping method that employed individual lure-baited insect suction traps for the reduction of adult biting midges (Culicoides spp.) was evaluated in a coastal residential neighborhood of northwestern Florida during 2000. Six backyards were used in the study. Lure-baited traps consisted of one ABC PRO insect suction trap (fitted with a 30 by 30-mesh polyester screen bag) baited with carbon dioxide (500 ml/min) and a 4:1:8 mixture of 1 octen-3-ol, 3-n-propylphenol, and 4-methylphenol (5.39 +/- 0.54 mg/h) placed in each of three backyards. Lure-baited traps ran continuously during the 4-mo study. Three backyards without lure-baited traps served as controls. Adult midge populations were monitored twice weekly for 24-h in each backyard using an additional ABC PRO trap baited with carbon dioxide (500 ml/min) only. Five species of biting midges were collected from all traps in each backyard (in descending order): Culicoides mississippiensis, C. barbosai, C. melleus, C. furens, and C. hollensis. Overall reduction was not consistent in lure-baited backyards and ranged from 2.3% to 70.6% on 16 of the 30 sample dates. But when biting midge populations seasonally declined to a weekly average of < 500 midges per lure-baited trap, reduction occurred more frequently. Midge reduction did not appear to be species specific.
Animals↗
Developing an academic medical library core journal collection in the (almost) post-print era: the Florida State University College of Medicine Medical Library experience.
The Florida State University (FSU) College of Medicine Medical Library is the first academic medical library to be established since the Web's dramatic appearance during the 1990s. A large customer base for electronic medical information resources is both comfortable with and eager to migrate to the electronic format completely, and vendors are designing radical pricing models that make print journal cancellations economically advantageous. In this (almost) post-print environment, the new FSU Medical Library is being created and will continue to evolve. By analyzing print journal subscription lists of eighteen academic medical libraries with similar missions to the community-based FSU College of Medicine and by entering these and selected quality indicators into a Microsoft Access database, a core list was created. This list serves as a selection guide, as a point for discussion with faculty and curriculum leaders when creating budgets, and for financial negotiations in a broader university environment. After journal titles specific to allied health sciences, veterinary medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, library science, and nursing were eliminated from the list, 4,225 unique journal titles emerged. Based on a ten-point scale including SERHOLD holdings and DOCLINE borrowing activity, a list of 449 core titles is identified. The core list has been saved in spreadsheet format for easy sorting by a number of parameters.
Curriculum↗
Florida Department of Corrections' substance abuse programs.
The Florida Department of Corrections has worked diligently to plan and implement a system of comprehensive institutional and community-based programs. These programs strive to establish a functional, cost-effective continuum of care for incarcerated individuals while providing necessary linkages essential to transferring inmates back into society with the knowledge and social skills necessary to lead a drug-free life. It is believed that a viable working model has been developed that will offer inmate services and, ultimately, afford them the opportunity and appropriate linkages to continue treatment as needed after incarceration.
Florida↗
Nutritional status of institutionalized elderly in south Florida.
To assess the nutritional status of an elderly nursing home population of South Florida, forty-seven persons with ages ranging from 65 to 96 years were studied. Complete clinical examination and anthropometric measures were performed, along with blood cell count, biochemical blood parameters and assessment of water-soluble vitamins levels. The most common clinical finding were edentulous (67%), general pallor (44%), hyperpigmentation (33%), dry skin (26%) and arcus corneitis (26%). Thirty-five percent of the studied population had cholesterol levels greater than 220 mg/dl. Triglyceride levels were also significantly elevated in a considerable subset of our subjects, with 30% having levels above threshold value of 150 mg/dl. Small proportions of subjects showed low levels of albumin (6%), total protein (28%), ascorbic acid (2%), and thiamin (9%). Forty-five percent of males were pyridoxine deficient, while 63% of the females presented such deficiency. This study underscores the need to define, with greater precision, the nutritional status of aged populations as well as improve our inadequate standards associated with the "normal" aging process. Nutritional intervention--only possible when appropriate standards are defined--can potentially serve not only to prevent the occurrence of significant morbidity and mortality, but can also be employed to enhance quality of life in the elderly individuals.
Aged↗
Local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria--Palm Beach County, Florida, 2003.
The majority of malaria cases diagnosed in the United States are imported, usually by persons who travel to countries where malaria is endemic. However, small outbreaks of locally acquired mosquito-transmitted malaria continue to occur. Despite certification of malaria eradication in the United States in 1970, 11 outbreaks involving 20 cases of probable locally acquired mosquito-transmitted malaria have been reported to CDC since 1992, including two reported in July 1996 from Palm Beach County, Florida (Palm Beach County Health Department, unpublished data, 1998). This report describes the investigation of seven cases of locally acquired Plasmodium vivax malaria that occurred in Palm Beach County during July-August 2003. In addition to considering malaria in the differential diagnosis for febrile patients with a history of travel to malarious areas, health-care providers also should consider malaria as a possible cause of fever among patients who have not traveled but are experiencing alternating fevers, rigors, and sweats with no obvious cause.
Adolescent↗