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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Acyclovir for the prevention of recurrent herpes simplex virus eye disease. Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Long-term treatment with antiviral agents has been shown to prevent recurrences of genital and orofacial herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, but it is uncertain whether prophylactic treatment can prevent recurrences of ocular HSV disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned 703 immunocompetent patients who had had ocular HSV disease within the preceding year to receive 400 mg of acyclovir or placebo orally twice daily. The study outcomes were the rates of development of ocular or nonocular HSV disease during a 12-month treatment period and a 6-month observation period. RESULTS: The cumulative probability of a recurrence of any type of ocular HSV disease during the 12-month treatment period was 19 percent in the acyclovir group and 32 percent in the placebo group (P<0.001). Among the 337 patients with a history of stromal keratitis, the most common serious form of ocular HSV disease, the cumulative probability of recurrent stromal keratitis was 14 percent in the acyclovir group and 28 percent in the placebo group (P=0.005). The cumulative probability of a recurrence of nonocular (primarily orofacial) HSV disease was also lower in the acyclovir group than in the placebo group (19 percent vs. 36 percent, P<0.001). There was no rebound in the rate of HSV disease in the six months after treatment with acyclovir was stopped. CONCLUSIONS: After the resolution of ocular HSV disease, 12 months of treatment with acyclovir reduces the rate of recurrent ocular HSV disease and orofacial HSV disease. Long-term antiviral prophylaxis is most important for patients with a history of HSV stromal keratitis, since it can prevent additional episodes and potential loss of vision.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2001

Do we see eye-to-eye? Implications of cultural differences for cross-cultural management research and practice.

Although observation is a common research technique, little attention has been given to the effects of culture on observer judgment making. These researchers argue that consideration of cultural differences is critical when applying observation techniques in cross-cultural research as well as in the applied contexts of performance appraisal and international management. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the potential for discrepancies in observer judgment making among Asian American and Caucasian American subjects. The results of this study affirm the importance of cultural influences in research and management.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1992

Clinical comparison of corneal diameter and curvature in Asian eyes with those of Caucasian eyes.

Anatomical comparisons of the horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) and the average keratometry (Kav) measurements were made between Asians and Caucasians and also between males and females. It was found that the HVID was significantly different as a function of both culture and gender. Also found was a significant difference in the Kav between males and females but not between Asians and Caucasians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Assessing physicians' interpersonal skills: do patients and physicians see eye-to-eye?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of agreement between standardized patient ratings and resident physician self-ratings of physician interpersonal skills and the level of agreement between faculty observer and standardized patient ratings of resident physicians' interpersonal skills. DESIGN: Structured clinical evaluation. A total of 25 resident physicians in physical medicine and rehabilitation conducted a 10-min interview of a standardized patient to obtain a history. A resident physician, a standardized patient, and a faculty observer rated the resident physician's interpersonal skills immediately after the interview. The main outcome measure was a modification of the patient assessment measure from the American Board of Internal Medicine, a 9-item rating scale assessing communication (score range, 9-45). RESULTS: There was a low level of agreement between standardized patient ratings and the resident physicians' self-ratings of interpersonal skills (Lin's concordance coefficient, rc = 0.11, P = 0.58). Conversely, there was a statistically significant degree of agreement between the standardized patient and faculty observer ratings of resident physician interpersonal skills (rc = 0.50, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Some resident physicians have significant difficulty accurately assessing how well they communicate with patients. Physicians in training rarely get feedback regarding their interpersonal skills and may have difficulty using social comparison. Conversely, standardized patients and faculty observers may have insight into interpersonal skills about which resident physicians are unaware.

Communication↗