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PubMed2000

[Longitudinal research in aging populations: participation and the quality of data collected with questionnaires].

In this article methods are discussed which may keep participation in a longitudinal study among elderly persons high, for example adaptation of the interviews and proxy interviews. The LASA sample is described from the start in 1992 until now. The non-response is evaluated and we found that refusals are particularly important in the first part of the longitudinal traject. Also data quality is studied in relation to the aging of the respondents. Although there are theoretical reasons to expect that aging may impair data quality, no support for this hypothesis was found in the present study. Data quality was stable during a period of six years. But data quality seemed poorer for those respondents who dropped out from the study. Item non-response and duration of the interview were higher for drop-outs.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healthcare reform and its impact on data collection and dissemination.

Making quality- and outcome-related information available to healthcare consumers and purchasers is a central tenet of the Health Security Act, and few in healthcare oppose this provision of the Act--in concept, says Robert Hartley, MD, MBA, Vice President, Christian Health Services. Consumers and purchasers need such information to make informed choices about their healthcare options. However, the Act does not make clear how or by whom quality measurement data are to be collected and disseminated, nor by what criteria healthcare providers will be held accountable.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed2002

[Results of comprehensive data collection concerning urologic laparoscopy].

To evaluate the current status of laparoscopy, the "Working Group Laparoscopy" of the German Urological Association performed a questionnaire among urologists in Germany. Of 300 questionnaires 183 were returned and analyzed (61%): 54% of the departments already performed laparoscopy and another 50% are planning to introduce this technique. The major concerns are economical (70%), long learning curve (92%), investment (53%), and lack of scientific data (76%). Simple nephrectomy, cryptorchism, and varicoceles are treated by 66, 59, and 58 of the 96 departments laparoscopically (of 183 resp.). Laparoscopic surgery for radical prostatectomy and tumor nephrectomy is done by 32 and 34 of 96 departments. Only a minority of the centers performs more than 40 laparoscopies per year and indication. Compared to a survey conducted in 1995, the acceptance level of this technique has increased (100% vs 48%). Only a minority of the departments performs more than 40 laparoscopic interventions per year for one indication.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

[School entrance screening: prospects for health data collection for health promotion in the school and community].

The function of school entrance examinations changes over the period of history. Nowadays the early diagnosis of special disease is done by the medical practitioner outside the public health department, while the school health services are confronted with a new task in the field of local surveillance and health promotion. A doctorate thesis focuses on the question of what data should be obtained by the school entrance examination and what are the results for a data-based health promotion in school and community. The thesis concentrates on North Rhine-Westphalia and is based on an expert interview concerning to the "Jugendärztlichen Definitionen" of the Bielefelder Modell.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Crystallization, data collection and phasing of two digestive lysozymes from Musca domestica.

Lysozymes are mostly known for their defensive role against bacteria, but in several animals lysozymes have a digestive function. Here, the initial crystallographic characterization of two digestive lysozymes from Musca domestica are presented. The proteins were crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of ammonium sulfate or PEG/2-propanol as the precipitant. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 1.9 angstroms using synchrotron radiation. The lysozyme 1 and 2 crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1) (unit-cell parameters a = 36.52, b = 79.44, c = 45.20 angstroms, beta = 102.97 degrees) and the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a = 73.90, b = 96.40, c = 33.27 angstroms), respectively. The crystal structures were solved by molecular replacement and structure refinement is in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Sources, uses, strengths and limitations of data collected in primary care in England.

In the UK, general practitioners are responsible for both providing primary care services and for organising referrals for specialist care. Consequently, the medical records held by general practitioners include details of all diagnoses and prescribed drugs, in many cases extending from birth. In an increasing number of general practices, these records are held in electronic format and are potentially available for extraction and analysis. Electronic data from general practice therefore offer unique opportunities to plan and monitor health services, measure the quality of care provided by the National Health Service, and undertake population-based research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Community health assessment tool: a patterns approach to data collection and diagnosis.

Creation of an assessment tool to apply Gordon's functional patterns to the community as a client was a rewarding and stimulating project. Through use of the CHAT, students developed an appreciation of the complexity and inter-relationship of numerous aspects of the community. They completed the nursing process by developing appropriate nursing diagnoses, and planning, implementing, and evaluating a health promotion project. As the students continue to use this tool in the health promotion course, the diagnoses which they generate are being collected. From this accumulated input the plan is to compile a list of common diagnoses which are appropriate to use when the community is the client.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2004

Sexual risk of HIV transmission is missed by traditional methods of data collection.

Brief acts of unprotected anal sex (i.e.'dipping') have not been systematically measured in AIDS research. Eleven per cent of HIV-positive men who reported that they had not engaged in any unprotected insertive anal intercourse with an HIV-negative or unknown status partner reported that they did engage in insertive 'dipping'. Men reported 'dipping' an average of 5.1 times, representing 773 acts of insertive intercourse that would have been missed by traditional methods of sexual data behavior.

Condoms↗
PubMed1997

EMBL sequence submission system--an object-oriented approach to developing interactive data collection systems through the WWW.

MOTIVATION: To enable a new way of submitting sequence information to the EMBL nucleotide database through the WWW. This process of data submission is long and complex, and calls for efficient and user-friendly mechanisms for collection and validation of information. RESULTS: Described here is a generic, object-oriented data-submission system that is being used for the EMBL database, but can easily, be tailored to serve several data-submission schemes with a relatively short development and implementation time. The program provides the user with a friendly interface that breaks the complex task into smaller, more manageable tasks and, on the other hand, acts as a pre-filter, scanning errors online.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

Assessing the determinants of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths using routinely collected data in an inner city area.

BACKGROUND: Within the UK there is considerable variation in the perinatal mortality rate. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with stillbirths and early neonatal deaths (ENND) and the suitability of the available databases in a health authority with one of the highest rates in the country. METHODS: Two case-control studies were carried out in three hospital trusts in the Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Health Authority, London, using routinely collected information. In one study, 342 stillbirths and 1,368 controls were included, and in the other study, 205 ENND and 820 controls were included. In the two studies cases and controls were matched for hospital trust. RESULTS: A birthweight below 1.5 kg was found in 54% and 48% of the stillbirths and ENND, respectively. More than 50% of the cases, stillbirths and ENND, had a length of gestation below 32 weeks. Length of gestation, birthweight, emergency caesarean section and age of the mother were associated with stillbirths. Birthweight and Apgar score at 1 minute as a categorical variable were associated with ENND. There was no direct evidence of an effect of social deprivation on the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Birthweight and length of gestation are the most influential factors on an unfavourable outcome. Conception at an older age has a serious impact on stillbirth rates. In our health authority social disadvantage did not have a direct impact on stillbirth and ENND. Maternity information systems should collect routine data on fewer variables, but their quality in terms of value, standardization and completion rates must improve.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2001

[Medico-economic impact of the Program of Medicalization of the Information System on hospital stay for myocardial infarction: influence of the quality of data collection and hospitalization length].

The aim of the Medicalisation Program of the Information System was to describe the activity of hospital for budget allocation. This work concerned the whole hospitalizations in the unit of intensive care of cardiology of Dijon for a myocardial infarction (MI) during the 1st half of 1998 (59 patients). The objectives of this study were: 1) the estimate of the real cost of MI management; 2) the comparison of this cost with the reference cost, determined from the data of the National Basis of Costs (BNC); 3) the economic impact of the quality of coding. The real global cost of MI was estimated at 2,323,542 FF (average by patient: 39,382 +/- 15,718 FF). Sixty eight per cent of the costs are directly related to the standing fixed overheads; in contrast, the medical and the therapeutic acts accounted for only 32% of the estimated real cost. A 52% over-estimation was highlighted between the estimated real cost and the cost of reference (p < 0.001). The errors of coding accounted for an under-estimation of only 3.6% of the cost of reference. The duration of hospitalization was significantly higher than the stay length taken from the national reference database (12.9 +/- 5.4 versus 9.2 +/- 2.1 days; p < 0.001), and was mainly responsible for these discrepancies of costs.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High school football injuries: a prospective study and pitfalls of data collection.

A 4 year prospective study (1982 to 1985) of high school varsity football injuries from the four Peoria high school football teams was undertaken. Two hundred fifty-one injuries were recorded among a player population of 598, resulting in an injury rate of 42.1% per 100 players. All of the players followed a prescribed preseason summer conditioning program that was endorsed by the Illinois High School Athletic Association. The injuries were recorded on an athletic injury profile and entered into a computer for data analysis and retrieval. The injury distribution by player position showed that halfbacks, tackles, linebackers, and guards had a higher risk of injury than other positions. The knee was the body part injured most frequently (20.3%). A matrix of injuries to halfbacks was set up to examine the relationship of body part injured to type of play, time of injury, and activity during injury. An anthropometric study using the Quetelet index did not reveal any correlation between injury and body size when the injured players were compared with the non-injured players. Experience since 1969 has taught us many of the errors and pitfalls involved in injury surveillance. Strict adherence to recording of data will ensure an accurate and useful injury surveillance program.

Body Constitution↗
PubMed1990

[Monitoring of infections in intensive care units. Strategy of data collection].

The aim of this article defines the principles of the infections surveillance. Its pertinence: its efficiency as a means for prevention of diseases. Its objectives: to spot aggregate cases and the variations of endemic. These specific methods according to the clearing defined priorities on criterions cost effectiveness.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

Proposal of a data collection form to record dento-alveolar features--application to two Roman skeletal samples from Italy.

Bones and teeth are an important source of information about the lifestyle, health status and dietary habits of past populations. Modifications and lesions of the periodontal tissues also provide information about the health status and behavior of an individual or of an ancient population. In this paper a method to record some dento-alveolar features of both deciduous and permanent teeth is described. The forms that we propose make it easy to record the data in a Microsoft Excel sheet. The form for adults has been applied to two Roman Imperial age skeletal samples from northern Italy - Casalecchio di Reno (II-V c. AD, Bologna) and Emilia Romagna, and central Italy - Quadrella (I-IV c. AD, Isernia, Molise).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Standardized data collection for multi-center clinical studies of severe malaria in African children: establishing the SMAC network.

The Severe Malaria in African Children (SMAC) network was established to conduct mortality-based trials. Although falciparum malaria kills more than one million children each year, single centers cannot enroll enough patients to detect reductions of 20-30% in mortality rates. Our aim was to quantify and describe severe malaria across a variety of epidemiological settings so that we could design intervention studies with more precise sample size estimates. We used a standardized surveillance mechanism to capture clinical, laboratory and outcome data on all parasitemic children admitted to hospital. Between December 2000 and December 2003, 20333 patients were enrolled at five sites. The frequency of severe malaria syndromes (cerebral malaria, severe malarial anemia and acidosis) differed between sites, as did the syndrome-specific mortality rates. Intervention studies targeted at reducing mortality in one or a combination of severe malaria syndromes would require 3-4 years to complete within the existing network. These data provide more accurate estimates of the disease burden of children hospitalized for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Networks are required to recruit enough patients for mortality-based studies and to encompass the epidemiological diversity of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. SMAC represents the first effort to develop this capacity.

Africa South of the Sahara↗