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PubMed1991

The social demography of drug use.

This review of the epidemiology of drug use and drug dependence/abuse describes the overall current pattern of use of mood-changing legal and illegal drugs based on the most recently available data, variations in drug use among subgroups in the population, and trends in drug use over time. This is the first systematic attempt to integrate data on patterns of use with data on drug dependence/abuse. In the course of the analysis an effort is made to account for two paradoxes: blacks report the lowest rate of drug use in general population studies, yet constitute the largest category of treated cases or drug-related casualties. Although prevalence of cocaine use in the general population decreased, beginning in 1986, morbidity and mortality related to cocaine increased sharply in 1990.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demography of the hazardous waste industry.

This article attempts to characterize the workforce of the hazardous waste industry. The growth of the industry is discussed, including its deployment into various activity categories, and its size is estimated. Finally, demographics of the workforce are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Renal allografts in cystinosis and mesangial demography.

Twenty-four biopsies of generally cadaveric renal allografts from 20 patients with cystinosis were examined by light, polarization, phase contrast and electron microscopy. Cystine crystals, or cytoplasmic crystalline spaces compatible with cystine, were observed in interstitial cells in 23 of the 24 biopsies and in glomeruli in six. Among the six, crystalline spaces were identified by electron microscopy in cells compatible with macrophages in the mesangium in two, and, in one of the latter, dark, presumably cystine-containing cells were also present in the mesangium. On the premise that cystine-containing cells derive from the host, these findings support the thesis that in man cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system of extrarenal origin may exist in the mesangium. However, in comparison with infiltration of the interstitium, infiltration of the glomerulus by macrophages from extrarenal sources is scant, as studied under conditions of renal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Eye injuries in childhood: demography, etiology, and prevention.

A 1-year survey was conducted of all children with eye injuries seen in the Wills Eye Hospital emergency room to determine demographic, etiologic, and prophylactic factors. There were 810 children with ocular trauma. Childhood ocular injuries are frequent, often resulting in serious visual impairment. Many of these injuries are preventable.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

The demography of the unrelated individual: 1900-1950.

This article is an analysis of the frequency and characteristics of unrelated individuals between 1900 and 1950. The much-heralded rise of the primary individual during the 20th century has been offset by a decline in the frequency of secondary individuals. The overall percentage of persons residing without family did not exceed turn-of-the-century levels until the 1970s. Using data from national microdata samples of the census for 1900, 1940, and 1950, the study applies decomposition techniques and life-course analysis to investigate these patterns. The results show that the decline of the secondary individual from 1900 to 1950 was largely a function of changing demographic composition, but the increase of primary individuals is linked to changing residential preferences.

Female↗
PubMed1986

The psychiatric inpatient unit in the general hospital: clinical demography.

Data from the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital are consistent with national trends. Inpatients tend to be young, female, and have psychotic rather than non-psychotic disorders. Women were significantly older than men at admission for most psychiatric disorders. During the past 20 years, length of stay has dropped by over 50%, while admissions have almost trebled and re-admissions doubled. Historic trends are reviewed and clinical implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Demography of dialysis and transplantation in children in Europe, 1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

At the end of 1985 there were 5482 patients known to the Registry who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) between the ages of 6 months and 15 years. Of these, approximately 25% had died, 30% were still aged less than 15 years, and the other 45% were older. The acceptance rate of new patients over the last 10 years has slowly but steadily increased; six new paediatric patients per million child population probably represents the likely needs of the near future. Hospital haemodialysis remained the main form of renal replacement therapy in new patients, while 3 years after start of RRT, transplantation became the most frequently used replacement therapy; CAPD appeared to be used mainly in children with a short waiting time for transplantation. Out of the 384 grafts reported in 1985, only 16% were from living related donors; among 321 cadaver grafts, 24% were second and only 3% were third grafts. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis accounted for 50% of all primary renal diseases. During the last 5 years, the proportion with glomerulonephritis seems to have decreased slightly. Hyperkalaemia and fluid overload have still to be considered the main causes of death. Only in 17% of all cases was the cause of death reported as unknown or undetermined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Professional liability: epidemiology and demography.

Because of increasing numbers of claims, professional liability for obstetrician-gynecologists carries an ever-increasing cost in dollars, emotions and time. The tort system in medicine is slow and inefficient in time and dollars going to injured patients compared to dollars supporting courts and lawyers. As a result of medical liability costs and a rising number of claims, patients are losing basic access to care, especially for pregnancy and are treated defensively when the receive care.

Defensive Medicine↗