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PubMed1989

[Therapy of interstitial and radiogenic cystitis with D-glucosamine].

Twelve patients with interstitial or radiation cystitis were treated by D-glucosamine, a precursor of glycosaminoglycans. D-glucosamine was given for 3 months (500 mg t.i.d. orally). Urinary glycosaminoglycans which were low before the treatment could be increased significantly by D-glucosamine. Endoscopic findings and subjective symptoms could be markedly improved. D-glucosamine may be a new treatment modality in interstitial and radiation cystitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Endoscopic studies of the bladder in breeding sows--diagnosis of cystitis].

With a flexible scope the examination of the bladder is possible at the standing sow without anaesthesia. When using a non-flexible scope general anaesthesia with a supplementary spinal anaesthesia is necessary in order to avoid lesions of the urinary tract and damage of the instrument. For a systematic inspection the bladder must be emptied and filled with air. The state of the bladder can be estimated by the colour of mucosa, the condition of visible blood vessels and of the mucosal surface. To prevent infections careful disinfection of the scope as well as antibiotic treatment of the bladder is important. There were good correlations between endoscopic findings in sows with cystitis and parameters of urinalysis especially for sensory parameters, proteinuria, leukocyturia and significant bacteriuria. An advantage of cystoscopy is the possibility to survey beginning or chronic symptoms of cystitis, even when urine is nearly unchanged.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

Renal allograft dysfunction with acute hemorrhagic cystitis caused by adenovirus in a recipient of a transplanted kidney.

We experienced acute hemorrhagic cystitis with renal dysfunction in a recipient of a transplanted kidney. This acute hemorrhagic cystitis was caused by adenovirus type 11. Either elevation of antibody titers or isolation in urine of adenovirus type 11 was identified in six cases out of 11 in seven reports which we collected. Graft dysfunctions were complicated on seven cases out of 11 in these seven reports. These graft dysfunctions have been considered as an acute rejection, but we suggest that they may be graft nephropathy caused by adenovirus type 11 infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[A clinical experience of fosfomycin tablet on cystitis].

Twenty-five adult female patients with acute cystitis were treated with 500 mg fosfomycin tablets, at a dose of 6 tablets per day for 7 days. The clinical effects were evaluated on the 3rd day, and the treatment was found effective in all the 18 patients evaluated. The cystitis recurred in 1 patient, one week after the treatment. As for the side effects, three patients complained gastric discomfort and/or diarrhea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical evaluation of ofloxacin in the treatment of acute cystitis].

Ofloxacin (OFLX) was administered to 236 female patients with acute cystitis. Of them 164 patients who satisfied the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee, Japan were examined for the efficacy of the treatment, but all cases were included in the study of the side effects of the drug. In the 65 patients who received 300 mg (3 divided doses) of OFLX per day, the overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 66.2% and moderate in 33.8% of the patients. In the 99 patients who received 600 mg (3 divided doses) of OFLX per day, the overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 79% (P less than 0.076) and moderate in 18.2% of the patients. No failure of the treatment was observed in the two groups. Of 164 bacterial strains isolated from the urine of the patients, 132 strains were identified as E. coli. All bacterial strains were eradicated in the urinary specimens by the treatment. Subjective side effects were observed in 8 (3.4%) of the 236 patients. Gastrointestinal disturbance was complained by 6 patients. No drug-related aggravation in the laboratory test was observed except for one patient who showed mild leukopenia reduced from 3700/mm3 to 2200/mm3. These results showed that the oral administration of OFLX was excellent and satisfactory in the treatment for acute cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Double blind, randomised trial comparing single dose enoxacin and trimethoprim for treatment of bacterial cystitis.

Women with acute lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled in a randomised, double blind study and received either a single 400 mg dose of enoxacin or a single 600 mg dose of trimethoprim. Twenty of 29 women with bacterial cystitis were cured with enoxacin and 22 of 26 with trimethoprim. Both drugs were highly effective for the treatment of Escherichia coli, but enoxacin was disappointing for the eradication of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Side effects were minimal. Single dose therapy is recommended as the treatment of choice for bacterial cystitis in general practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Preparative regimens for marrow transplantation containing busulphan are associated with haemorrhagic cystitis and hepatic veno-occlusive disease but a short duration of leucopenia and little oro-pharyngeal mucositis.

One-hundred-and-forty-three patients with haematological malignancy or severe aplastic anaemia received HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants. In 111 of these patients who had haematological malignancy and who were prepared for transplant with cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg and fractionated total body irradiation 12-14 Gy, the incidence of haemorrhagic cystitis and hepatic veno-occlusive disease was 13% and 3%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence in 15 leukaemic patients prepared for transplant with chemotherapy regimens containing high-dose busulphan was 47% and 20%, respectively (p less than 0.001). Two patients in this latter group who developed fatal veno-occlusive disease had chronic myeloid leukaemia and had received long-term low-dose busulphan pre-transplant. Neither complication occurred in 26 patients prepared by cyclophosphamide alone (20 patients with severe aplastic anaemia) or with cyclophosphamide and melphalan (six patients with leukaemia). The regimen of busulphan 16 mg/kg in combination with cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg was associated with a short duration of total leucopenia with a significantly higher leucocyte count on the day of marrow transplant compared to other regimens. Furthermore, oro-pharyngeal mucositis was not severe even when methotrexate was utilised as post-transplant prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease. Thus, while the busulphan-cyclophosphamide regimen appeared useful, we suggest that (1) high-dose busulphan should not be used as a preparative regimen for patients previously exposed to busulphan, and (2) bladder irrigation (as well as intravenous hydration) is necessary to minimise haemorrhagic cystitis in patients given regimens that incorporate high-dose busulphan.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of acute radiation cystitis with preparations of immobilized trypsin].

At present the problem of bladder injuries and methods of their therapy are very urgent in view of a wide use of radiation therapy of cancer of the uterine body, bladder and rectum. None of the existing methods of therapy of local radiation cystitis is sufficiently effective. To obtain better therapeutic results and immobilized trypsin preparation on a powder-like cellulose matrix was used. Therapy was provided to 34 patients with symptoms of acute radiation cystitis. The therapy in all the cases proved to be effective. It was confirmed by the disappearance of clinical symptoms and cystoscopic findings.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Bladder irrigation with prostaglandin E2 in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis].

A four-year-old boy with stage IV neuroblastoma was treated using the group study protocol of the Tohoku area for advanced neuroblastoma, consisting of DTIC, CPA, VCR, CDDP and VM-26, as a result of which had obtained complete remission. However, he had severe hemorrhagic cystitis after administration of CPA. He was treated with the usual therapy, but symptoms such as hematuria, pollakiuria and miction pain were not improved. We then tried bladder irrigation with prostaglandin E2. Half a milligram of PGE2 in 100 ml of physiological saline solution was instilled into the bladder and left in situ for 3 hours. The patient was free of symptoms on the day following the therapy. Local therapy with PGE2 thus seems very useful for cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1987

[Pipemidic acid in the prevention of recurring cystitis in women].

The efficacy, safety and acceptability of pipemidic acid in the treatment and the prophylaxis of cystitis in women have been evaluated. After curative treatment, patients received prophylaxis using the compound for a duration of 6 months, and were followed up a further 4 month-period without specific therapy. During the prophylaxis period, no relapse was observed in over 85% of the treated patients. In 15% of cases, a pathogen reappeared along with recurrence of the preexisting symptoms. An increase to 29% of the cases was noted after the withdrawal of the treatment over a month study period. The pathogens involved in the cases of relapse during the prophylaxis period were sensitive to pipemidic acid in 1/3 of cases (6/18 cases), and resistant in 2/3 (12/18 cases) of cases. Those involved in relapses during the observation period were sensitive in 1/2 of the cases (8/16 cases), resistant or intermediate in 1/2 of the cases (8/16 cases). Thus, prophylactic treatment with pipemidic acid has a favorable influence on the number of relapses in patients with recurrent cystitis.

Cystitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of cyclophosphamide induced haemorrhagic cystitis.

Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent used in the chemotherapeutic treatment of neoplasias, is metabolized into active substances capable of damaging the urothelium when in contact with some enzymes. Amongst several alternative proposals for the treatment and prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide the use of a mucolytic agent, N-acetylcysteine is found. An experimental study performed in rats proved the efficacy of the drug in the prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis. Bladder protection was achieved in 33% of the animals with preventive treatment with N-acetylcysteine instead of 60% in the group which did not receive the drug.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1986

Morphological studies of Escherichia coli in the urine of patients with acute simple cystitis treated with aztreonam.

The effects of aztreonam (AZT) on the morphology of Escherichia coli in the urine of 5 patients with acute simple cystitis were studied by differential interference contrast microscopy. The urine specimens were collected via catheter before, 5, 15 and 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.0 gm AZT. The minimum inhibitory concentration of E. coli against AZT was 0.05 microgram/ml. The mean urinary concentrations at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after administration of AZT were 481.6 micrograms/ml, 1168.2 micrograms/ml and 993.4 micrograms/ml, respectively. In 4 patients, the urinalysis became normal within 30 minutes after the administration. Filamentous cells were observed at low and high urinary concentrations of AZT. They had vacuole-like formations. These findings were characteristic morphological changes caused by AZT. In the other patient, spheroplasts and ovoid cells were observed. AZT in the urine of patients with acute simple cystitis is suggested to have a high affinity for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3 and moderate affinity for PBP 1a.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[A case of interstitial cystitis that developed alternately with bronchial asthma].

The patient was a 46-year-old man. His chief complaints were urinary frequency and pain on urination. They first appeared one year earlier. The patient had had a history of bronchial asthma and urticaria. Vesical capacity decreased and vesico-cutaneous developed. The urine sediment contained eosinophils and vesico ureteral reflux was observed. The bladder tissues contained a moderate amount of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The total IgE was 360 IU/ml. The IgE RAST score and immediate reaction to the skin tests were all negative. The Arthus and delayed-type reaction skin tests were positive to various Eumycetees and foods. Provocation tests by eating foods such as eggs, meats, and shellfish reproduced the above-mentioned bladder disorders. The patient was therefore put on a diet that restricted the amount of animal protein consumed except for white meat fishes, and a mast cell membrane stabilizer was administered. The interstitial cystitis improved but the asthma aggravated. The cystitis was found to develop alternately with asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

Recurrent bladder perforation in chronic irradiation cystitis.

Chronic irradiation cystitis may cause fibrosis and weakening of the detrusor, with greater susceptibility of the bladder wall to endoscopic trauma. We lately treated a patient with chronic irradiation cystitis who sustained recurrent bladder perforation, one after electrohydraulic lithotripsy and the other--following cystoscopy. The first event was handled surgically and the second one in a conservative approach. We hereby report on the case and comment on the etiology.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

A case of ticarcillin-induced hemorrhagic cystitis is presented, and the literature on drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis is reviewed. A 12-year-old white boy with cystic fibrosis was hospitalized for an exacerbation of his pulmonary disease. Laboratory tests on admission showed an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, 10-20 WBCs per high-power field (HPF) in urine, and normal BUN and serum creatinine. The patient was given ticarcillin i.v. (as the disodium salt) (final dosage of 320 mg/kg/day) in divided doses every six hours and netilmicin i.v. (as the sulfate salt) (final dosage of 4 mg/kg every eight hours). On day 7 the patient complained of painful urination, and urinalysis showed a 10-20 WBCs/HPF and 2-5 red blood cells (RBCs)/HPF. Two days later, the patient had gross hematuria, and urinalysis revealed 10-20 WBCs/HPF and 10-20 RBCs/HPF. Ticarcillin and netilmicin were discontinued and the patient's symptoms abated within 48 hours. Repeat urinalysis on day 11 showed no RBCs and 10-20 WBCs/HPF, with no casts or protein. Three months later, the patient was again hospitalized for an exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis. He was placed on tobramycin sulfate i.v. and ticarcillin i.v. (340 mg/kg/day). After the fourth dose of ticarcillin, the patient again complained of urinary pain and frequency and also reported gross hematuria. Urinalysis showed bacteria, 2-5 WBCs/HPF, and 5-10 RBCs/HPF; however, urine cultures were negative. Ticarcillin was discontinued and cefoxitin sodium i.v. was started. The patient's symptoms resolved within 36 hours, and a urinalysis on the fourth hospital day was normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of single-dose and conventional trimethoprim-sulfadiazine therapy in experimental Staphylococcus intermedius cystitis in the female dog.

Cystitis was produced in 4 groups of 6 female dogs each, using salicylic acid, ethanol, and Staphylococcus intermedius. Group-I dogs served as nontreated controls. Starting 2 days after infection was induced, group-II dogs were treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine at a dosage of 15 mg/kg given orally 2 times a day for 21 days; groups-III and -IV dogs were treated with single oral dosages of the antibiotic at 60 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg, respectively. Group-I dogs (controls) remained infected for the 26-day duration of the study. The response to therapy seen in group-II dogs was better than the therapeutic responses in groups-III and -IV dogs (P less than 0.05). Results of the present study do not support the efficacy of single-dose therapy for this model of cystitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Single-dose therapy for cystitis in women. A comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and cyclacillin.

We evaluated single-dose regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and cyclacillin as treatment for acute cystitis in 38 women. The trial was prematurely stopped because of frequent treatment failures. At two days after treatment, all 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were cured, while four (31%) of 13 given amoxicillin and four (33%) of 12 given cyclacillin had persistent bacteriuria. At two weeks, 11 (85%) of 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, six (50%) of 12 given amoxicillin, and three (30%) of ten given cyclacillin were cured. One patient with positive results of antibody-coated bacteria testing who was treated with cyclacillin had signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis three days after treatment, and two patients treated with amoxicillin and one treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole converted antibody-coated bacteria test results from negative to positive after therapy. We conclude that single-dose treatment of cystitis in unselected women with cyclacillin and amoxicillin may result in low cure rates and that progression to acute pyelonephritis may occur following ineffective single-dose therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Effectiveness of tiaprofenic acid on clinical symptoms of acute simple cystitis in women].

Acute simple cystitis is very easily cured by the proper use of an antibiotic. However, at times, such irritation symptoms in the bladder as micturition pain, pollakisuria and pyuria disappear. Consequently, medication to remove these irritation symptoms in the bladder at the earliest possible date, is required. However, there are no established standards for treatment in terms of the administration method and the administration period, etc. We gave a new non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, tiaprofenic acid (SURGAM) to women suffering from acute simple cystitis who strongly complained of bladder irritation symptoms especially of micturition pain. The administration was carried out concurrently with an antibiotic, and its effectiveness was studied. As a result, micturition pain showed 86% improvement on the 1st day after starting administration, and it is thought that the concurrent use of this product with an antibiotic can probably remove the patients' complaints quickly and prevent the meaningless administration of antibiotics due to the persistence of symptoms and, subsequently, there is the possibility of shortening the period of administration.

Acute Disease↗