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PubMedDate not supplied

Testing for sexually transmitted diseases among women of reproductive age: United States, 1988.

Approximately 13.3 million women aged 15-44--about 26 percent of all women of reproductive age who had ever had intercourse--were tested for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the 12 months before the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth. Slightly over half of the women tested received the test as part of a family planning visit. Women who used clinics for family planning services were most likely to be tested--54 percent compared with 34 percent of women who used a private doctor for family planning and 16 percent of women who did not receive family planning services that year. The findings suggest that access to medical care, especially access to family planning clinics, has strong effects on a woman's chances of being screened for STDs, independent of her individual characteristics. The most important individual characteristic affecting the chance of being tested for an STD was race: About 47 percent of black, 27 percent of Hispanic, and 23 percent of white and other women were tested in the 12 months before the survey. Among groups with high-risk behaviors, only 34 percent of sexually experienced teenagers were screened for STDs in the past year, as were only 43 percent of women with a positive STD history and 32 percent of women with 10 or more lifetime partners.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short-term acceptability of the female condom among staff and patients at a New York City Hospital.

An acceptability study of the female condom undertaken at New York's Harlem Hospital between August 1993 and February 1994 enrolled 52 women aged 18-57, 41 of whom (79%) used the female condom at least once. Of these, one-half used the female condom at least three times and 40% used it once; on average, women used it 2.4 times. Two-thirds of users liked the female condom either very much or somewhat, 20% were neutral and 15% stated that they did not like it. One-half of the women reported that their partner liked the device, while 17% said he felt neutral about it and approximately one-quarter said he disliked it. Seventy-three percent of respondents and 44% of their partners preferred the female condom to the male condom.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Factors influencing infant mortality in Vietnam.

Selected determinants of overall infant mortality in Vietnam were examined using data from the 1988 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey, and factors underlying neonatal and post-neonatal mortality were also compared. Effects of community development characteristics, including health care, were studied by logistic regression analysis in a subsample of rural children from the 1990 Vietnam Accessibility of Contraceptives Survey. Infant neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rates showed comparable distributions by birth order, maternal age, pregnancy intervals, mother's education and urban-rural residence. Rates were highest among first order births, births after an interval of less than 12 months, births to illiterate mothers and to those aged under 21 or over 35 years of age. Logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant predictor of infant mortality was residence in a province where overall infant mortality was over 40 per 1000 live births. In the rural subsample, availability of public transport was the most persistent community development predictor of infant mortality. Reasons for the low infant mortality rates in Vietnam compared to countries with similar levels of economic development are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A crossover pill study among Sudanese women.

A crossover study from a standard-dose to a low-dose oral contraceptive was conducted in the Sudan. Reported side effects were very few, with a headache the most frequently reported. Switching to the other pill did not affect the rate of any side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Five-year, multicenter study of a triphasic, low-dose, combination oral contraceptive.

A total of 4,342 women received a triphasic oral contraceptive combination containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (Triphasil in the United States, Trinordiol in Europe) over a 5-year period, for a total of 70,282 cycles. Medication was begun on day 1 in the first cycle, with no backup contraception, and consisted of levonorgestrel (LNg) 50 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol (EE2) 30 micrograms for 6 days, LNg 75 micrograms + EE2 40 micrograms for 5 days, and LNg 125 micrograms + EE2 30 micrograms for 10 days. Twelve pregnancies occurred during the study, resulting in a Pearl Index of 0.22. Medication was missed in an overall total of 5,067 cycles (7.2%), and 9 of the 12 pregnancies were attributed by the investigators to misuse of the drug, resulting in a corrected Pearl Index of 0.06. Cycle control was excellent, bleeding irregularities were minimal, and the incidence of adverse experiences was low (generally less than 1% of total cycles). The results indicate that this triphasic combination, given in pharmacologic doses that are patterned after normal cycles, is a predictable, efficacious, well-tolerated, and accepted means of oral contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Awareness of hormonal emergency contraception among married women in a Kuwaiti family social network.

OBJECTIVE: Awareness and use of hormonal emergency contraception are not known in the Arab world. This study investigated awareness and perceptions of hormonal emergency contraception among women within a Kuwaiti extended family and their social contacts. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to 66 married women within a Kuwaiti family's social network. The questionnaire provided a short explanation of hormonal emergency contraception and then elicited the respondent's prior awareness, concerns and perception on future availability. RESULTS: The mean (S.D.) age of the respondents was 35.1 (6.3) years. Over 30% were currently using oral contraceptives; 28% were using no contraceptive method. Four women (6.1%) had heard of hormonal emergency contraception before, one had used it. Most respondents (65.2%) would not use or inform a friend about hormonal emergency contraception. Main concerns were risks to the health of the woman (83.3%) or the baby (54.5%) or that it was abortifacient (21.2%). However, 90.9% of respondents wanted hormonal emergency contraception to be available. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of hormonal emergency contraception is low among Kuwaiti women. Despite some concerns, they feel it should be made available. Health care providers and policymakers should address this situation.

Adult↗