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PubMedDate not supplied

Condom use among Latino college students.

Recent reports indicate that Latinos, the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS. College health professionals, therefore, should understand current sexual behaviors and risk factors among Latino youth. The authors assessed students' condom use at their most recent sexual encounter by using data from those students who reported oral, vaginal, or anal sex during the last 30 days. Fewer than half of recently sexually active Latino students had used condoms during their last oral (4.9%), vaginal (41.3%), or anal (27.8%) sexual encounter. Predictors of condom use varied according to the type of sexual activity. Findings from this exploratory study offer current information about condom use and sexual behaviors among Latino college students and suggest that prevention interventions and messages should be tailored to students' gender and types of sexual activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partner communication skills and condom use among college couples.

The authors examined the effects of (1) communication-skills training, (2) relationship-specific education, or (3) risk information on the condom use of 106 heterosexual college students who were in sexually active relationships. Postintervention assessments of in vivo communication-skills demonstrated that participants in the communication-skills group acquired the skills to use direct requests for condom use and to counter partner refusal statements more effectively than participants in the other conditions (ps < .01). Despite successful skill acquisition, however, students failed to change their subsequent communication or condom-use behavior. This pattern of findings is considered in terms of how the development of sexual partnership in this cohort affects the interplay of motivation and skills for condom use.

Communication↗
PubMed2003

When ideal and real culture clash--trust, infidelity and condom use.

With high rates of HIV transmission in South Africa, the correct and consistent use of condoms has become critically important. The findings reported in this article form part of a larger study that investigated the vulnerability of women to HIV infection. This article concentrates on one dimension of the study: how a clash between real and ideal culture negatively impacts upon condom use. This study, conducted in Bloemfontein, revealed that an ideal culture of trust, resulted in non condom use. On the other hand, this study also revealed that despite the emphasis on an ideal culture of trust, a real culture of infidelity exists. This places individuals at risk of contracting HIV, as condom use is guided by ideal rather than real culture.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Condom use by male, enlisted, deployed navy personnel with multiple partners.

STUDY QUESTION: Condom use by male enlisted personnel deployed on an aircraft carrier in spring 2002 who reported having casual sex partners in foreign ports and (1) only a steady partner, (2) only casual sex partners, or (3) both steady and casual sex partners in the home port. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, with analysis of the subsample reporting multiple partners (n = 378). RESULTS: Sexual behavior was less frequent and condom use was higher in foreign ports (p < 0.0001). Men involved with both steady and casual partners used condoms less consistently than did those involved with only casual partners (p < 0.05). Sexual behavior also varied with the type of partner (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Navy strategies promoting condom use in foreign ports appear effective. New strategies are needed for home ports and for men involved with both steady and casual partners.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Using condoms in the age of AIDS: a phenomenological study with marketing implications.

The authors examine respondents' potential reactions to the suggestion of condom usage by and to their sex partner. Results indicate that when a sex partner suggests condom use, individuals may react with a feeling of shared responsibility and/or look favorably upon the suggesting partner. In contrast, persons who suggest condom usage may be questioning their partner's past and envisioning a short-term relationship. The effects of individual-difference variables on feelings about condom usage are described and implications for marketing are delineated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

[A case report of heterosexual transmission of HIV infection between spouses with persistent condom use].

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of heterosexual transmission of HIV infection between spouses with consistent condom use. METHODS: The first case with HIV infection was detected in the contracted male workers returned from abroad in Qingdao in 1992 and both he and his spouse were given health education for AIDS/HIV prevention and instructions on condom use. And, his wife was followed-up every six months by detecting her serum anti-HIV. RESULTS: The wife of the index case was negative for anti-HIV in the first 12 blood tests before December 1996. But, she was found suspect of positive for anti-HIV an July 1997 and definitely positive for anti-HIV-1 in August 1997 during her 14th test. In the period of 1992 to 1997, they persisted in condom use during intercourse. Recall of the wife showed that she had low fever in May 1997, suggesting at the window phase of her acute HIV infection. It postulated that she infected with HIV curing March to April 1997. CONCLUSION: The case report indicated that incorrect use of condom could not prevent from HIV transmission between spouses.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

[Some etiologic factors in condom-induced allergic contact balanitis].

Clinical cases presenting allergic contact balanitis from condoms are studied using a combination of patch testing and chemical analysis by gas chromatography and high-resolving liquid chromatography to identify the causative agents involved. It has been previously established that zinc ethylphenyl dithiocarbamate (ZEPC)--a dithiocarbamate-type accelerant (DTC)--is an etiological factor in the event of contact allergy to condoms. Later it is confirmed that DTCs, such as zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC), zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate and amines, such as dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine (DEA) and piperidine (PIP) are likewise implicated in condom-induced contact balanitis. As shown by the investigation along this line, although thiurams are believed to be more allergenic, as compared to the corresponding DTCs and amines, both DTCs (ZDMC, ZDEC, ZDBC, ZEPC) and amines (DMA, DEA and PIP) are noteworthy etiological factors of allergic contact balanitis from condoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Condom use and the prevention of genital herpes acquisition.

Genital herpes establishes a lifelong infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In contrast to other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) may be transmitted to sexual partners many years after initial infection and at times when the source partner may be asymptomatic. Consequently, HSV-2 has become one of the most common STIs worldwide. Current therapies suppress but do not eradicate infection. While many studies have examined the degree of protection offered through the use of condoms against HSV-2 acquisition, findings have been either difficult to interpret or inconsistent. However, the body of evidence supports the efficacy of condoms in preventing HSV-2 infection among women. More data are required for HSV-2 prevention in men. The infrequent use of condoms during pregnancy, coupled with the high incidence of complications associated with HSV-2 acquisition at this time, warrants efforts to improve condom use among male partners of pregnant women at risk of HSV-2 infection.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Gender and decision-making over condom use in two districts in Uganda.

Based on a survey of couples in long-term unions in Masaka and Lira districts in Uganda, we critically examine the role of gender inequality in the domain of decision-making about fertility and sex in the discussion and use of condoms. First, we document the sexual context and process of condom negotiation from the perspectives of women and men. Next, we test the hypothesis that increases in the relative influence of women, compared to their male partners, in decision-making about sex and fertility should enhance the likelihood of discussion and use of condoms. The result point to barriers that exist for both men and women but show a clear disadvantage for women. They also suggest that, for both partners, a sense of control over fertility has a positive effect on condom use, and that the effect of women's empowerment does not seem to diminish the effect of men's empowerment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Group counseling at STD clinics to promote use of condoms.

An intervention was developed to promote safer sex and condom use among patients seeking treatment for sexually transmitted disease (STD) at a public health STD clinic in Los Angeles, CA. The intervention consisted of a short group discussion on condom use, a presentation of a videotape portraying condom use as socially acceptable behavior, and a role-playing session concerning negotiating the use of a condom with one's sex partner. The study group was 551 persons who visited the clinic in 1988. Medical records of 426 (77 percent) were located and reviewed 7 to 9 months later. Among those, 220 had participated in the intervention and 206 were control subjects who had not participated in the intervention. The rates at which patients reacquired STD after treatment and after the intervention were compared between the intervention group and the control group. Men who participated in the intervention subsequently showed a lower rate of STD reinfection than those who did not. There was no evidence that the intervention reduced reinfection among women. The strongest predictor of reinfection was found to be a history of STD infection prior to the infection that was being treated at the time of the intervention. The results show that group interventions directed to STD patients can be effective in reducing STD reinfection among men.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2003

[Adolescents' view on the use of condoms].

Seven out of ten of the adolescents included in the study had experienced unsafe sex with a new partner. Afterwards, 48% worried about STD and 31% worried about pregnancy. Teenagers calculate the risk of contracting STD from the looks and the reputation of a new partner. Young women and men agree, that both share responsibility for the use of condoms, but more often the young women initiate the use of condoms. Many participants found it more embarrassing to buy condoms than to use them. The participants hoped for improved education in schools and less expensive condoms. The adolescents possessed good knowledge concerning how to protect themselves, but changes in attitudes are needed. School and youth clinics play important roles in this process.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sensitisation about condom use in Gabon (1999): evaluation of the impact of a comic book].

The authors report the evaluation of the impact of a comic book about condom use distributed to Gabonese high school students in Libreville and Lambarene in 1999. This evaluation was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire completed by 954 students in 11 high schools immediately before distribution of a comic book about condoms and by 771 students 15-30 days afterwards. The anonymous questionnaire contained multiple-choice and open questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices. During the second survey (same schools and same classes), the questions tested knowledge about AIDS and about the stories in the book. The student populations who responded to the two questionnaires were homogeneous for sex, age, school class, and province of residence. Knowledge about the modes of HIV/AIDS contamination improved substantially between the two questionnaires, with knowledge about the mother-child transmission pathway increasing from 47% to 75% of responders. At the same time, and without any significant difference by sex, class or province, individual adhesion to the role of the condom as a means of prevention against AIDS progressed from 64% to 95%. The students questioned wanted AIDS prevention information to be better integrated into their curriculum and, in particular, they wanted educational activities in this area in their school, either by their teachers or in special information areas. Thus, the 48-page comic book by young Gabonese artists was perceived as a good method of condom education for the young (75%) and as an excellent method for inducing awareness about it among them (89%). The book's contents had been absorbed, and the students found that the stories and the message were well matched. Moreover, the extension of the readership beyond the initial distribution at the first evaluation (7.5 readers reported per copy) showed that the messages in the book spread well beyond the student group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Sexual behaviors and condom use of HIV-infected men and women of color attending a treatment and care clinic.

INTRODUCTION: Limited data are available regarding high-risk sexual behaviors among HIV-infected African Americans and Latinos who receive ongoing care in clinical settings. OBJECTIVES: To identify high-risk sexual behaviors and risk factors for consistent condom use and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. METHODS: Cross-sectional study data from interviewer-administered surveys and CT tests. RESULTS: Of 179 sexually active adults in the study, 35% had multiple sex partners, 37% had a partner with unknown HIV status and 49% used condoms consistently. Compared with men, women had fewer partners and were less likely to use condoms with partners of unknown HIV status. Men who have sex with men (MSM) had more partners and more partners with unknown HIV status compared with non-MSM. On multivariate analysis, drug use and having an HIV-infected partner were associated with less consistent condom use. CT prevalence was low (2%). CONCLUSION: This study identified ongoing high-risk sexual behaviors among a clinic-based group of African-American and Latino HIV-infected men and women. The clinical setting may be an ideal place for implementation of secondary prevention interventions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Condom use with regular and casual partners among women attending family planning clinics.

A survey of 16,632 women attending family planning clinics in Pennsylvania found that only 13 percent of the sample used condoms. Moreover, 67 percent of the women with regular partners never used condoms with those partners, and 72 percent of women who had casual partners never used them with those partners. Levels of condom use with both regular and casual partners were higher among women younger than 20, those who were nonwhite, those with multiple partners and those who reported a previous STD infection. However, women who had sex partners who used intravenous drugs were less likely to use condoms with regular or casual partners than were women who did not have drug-using partners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Knowledge about condoms and their use in less developed countries during a period of rising AIDS prevalence.

Apart from sexual abstinence and monogamous relationships between uninfected partners, the use of condoms is currently the only effective means available for preventing sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Worldwide data on people's knowledge about condoms and their use have not previously been studied in the context of prevention of HIV transmission. This paper presents survey data taken among women of reproductive age in the developing countries. The results show a wide range in the women's knowledge of condoms, which was poorest in sub-Saharan African countries, including those that are considered to have high HIV seroprevalence. Use of condoms was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa and very low in some other countries with a high prevalence of HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in attitudes and use of condom availability programs among sexually active students in New York City public high schools.

In 1991, the New York City Board of Education expanded HIV/AIDS education to include condom availability in public high schools. A three-year study was initiated to assess the program's impact on student risk behavior, the schools' social environments, and patterns of communication about HIV/AIDS and condoms among students, their parents and teachers in 12 randomly selected New York City high schools. Findings on gender differences in both attitudes and use of the program among sexually active students are reported here. Sexually active girls' attitudes toward using condoms and the condom availability program were more positive than those of sexually active boys, yet boys were more likely to have used the program. Girls reported embarrassment and confidentiality concerns as the main deterrents to using the program. Data suggest that schools need to examine the address gender-specific attitudes that contribute to reluctance to use the program among sexually active girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Important obstacles in the buying of condoms].

This study identifies the most important barriers to buying condoms and their effect on the intention to buy condoms. A total of 99 high school students and 97 members of a physical fitness centre agreed to participate and completed a self-administered questionnaire. The most frequently reported barriers are embarrassment (26%), reluctance to be seen (21%), lack of money (16%), and problems of choosing from the available condoms (11%). One quarter of the subjects indicated they would not buy condoms when confronted with any one of these barriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The acceptability of the female condom among low-income African-American women.

Among women, African Americans are at the highest risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unfortunately, the majority of African-American women do not perceive themselves to be at risk nor perceive the need to engage in safe-sex practices. Given the alarming rate of increase of HIV disease among African-American women, more in-depth information about the sociocultural factors influencing these nonhealth-promoting beliefs and behaviors is needed immediately in order to design effective Information, Education, Communication campaigns. As part of such an effort, a premarketing study of the recently developed female condom, Reality (Wisconsin Pharmacal, Jackson, Wisconsin), was used as an opportunity to assess not only acceptance and relevance of the product, but also knowledge, attitudes, and practices among a group of African-American women in New Orleans. The methodology chosen was focus group discussions. The main finding from these discussions is that the previously reported low-risk perception of HIV disease among African-American females is also true among this group. The discussions suggest that cultural norm of female submission and passivity in sexual negotiation is a major barrier to preventive actions among these African-American women, ie, insistence on condom use during sexual intercourse [corrected]. The second important finding from these focus group discussions is that the women enthusiastically endorsed the female condom because they felt this condom allowed them control over safe-sex practices without having to challenge the power of their male partners. This study also demonstrates that the dynamics of universality and interpersonal learning inherent to insight-oriented or support groups can also be present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗