Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Concurrent Review”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Influence of breast-feeding and oral poliovirus vaccine on the immunogenicity and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines.

To be practical and cost effective, rotavirus vaccines will have to be administered to infants with routine childhood vaccinations. Rotavirus vaccine studies were reviewed to evaluate the effect of breast-feeding and concurrent oral poliovirus vaccination (OPV) on the immunogenicity and efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccines. Both breast-feeding and OPV appeared to interfere, to some degree, with the serum immune response to rotavirus vaccines; however, the effects were usually not statistically significant and were largely overcome by administering three doses of rotavirus vaccine rather than one. Available data show no decrease in the protective efficacy of rotavirus vaccine in breast-fed children or in children receiving concurrent OPV, but larger sample sizes will be required to definitely rule out any effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Antioxidants in cancer therapy; their actions and interactions with oncologic therapies.

There is a concern that antioxidants might reduce oxidizing free radicals created by radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy, and thereby decrease the effectiveness of the therapy. The question has arisen whether concurrent administration of oral antioxidants is contraindicated during cancer therapeutics. Evidence reviewed here demonstrates exogenous antioxidants alone produce beneficial effects in various cancers, and except for a few specific cases, animal and human studies demonstrate no reduction of efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation when given with antioxidants. In fact, considerable data exists showing increased effectiveness of many cancer therapeutic agents, as well as a decrease in adverse effects, when given concurrently with antioxidants.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Gemcitabine and radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: state of the art.

Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is evolving. There are several choices available regarding which chemotherapy to use and how to optimally combine them with radiotherapy. Gemcitabine (Gemzar, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, USA) is a chemotherapeutic agent with activity in NSCLC, and preclinical studies have shown that gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer. These two characteristics make gemcitabine a potential option when treating patients with stage III NSCLC. This review article describes the efficacy and tolerance of gemcitabine when combined with radiation in those patients. Gemcitabine used concurrently with radiation, as an induction regimen before radiation, and as a consolidation regimen after radiation is reviewed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

A comparative cytopathologic and histologic study of atypia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.

As a potentially premalignant condition, Barrett's esophagus has stimulated controversy over the need for surveillance of glandular dysplasia and early carcinoma. This prompted the authors to review their experience with endoscopic cytologic brushings and biopsies from patients with Barrett's esophagus. The authors reviewed 65 consecutive specimens from 42 patients with Barrett's esophagus in which both the concurrently obtained esophageal cytologic brushings and companion biopsy specimens were available. In addition, esophagogastrectomy specimens from 9 nine these patients were reviewed. Cytologic and histologic specimens were assigned to one of four diagnostic categories, based on specifically defined criteria: simple Barrett's esophagus with or without inflammatory atypia; dysplasia; adenocarcinoma; or suspicious for dysplasia or carcinoma. Simple Barrett's esophagus was diagnosed in 38 cytologic brushings and 44 biopsy specimens, dysplasia in 4 brushings and 7 biopsy specimens, and carcinoma in 14 brushings and 10 biopsy specimens. Nine brushings and three biopsy specimens were suspicious. In 13 cases, brushings revealed a higher grade lesion than did histology; in 5 cases, biopsy specimens showed a higher grade lesion. Agreement between the two occurred in 72% (47/65) of all specimens. Accuracy was confirmed in the histologic examinations of the resection specimens. The authors conclude that specific criteria, when consistently applied, allow accurate cytologic diagnoses of epithelial changes in Barrett's esophagus. The use of esophageal brush cytology and biopsy specimens provides two complementary techniques, which detect a greater number of serious lesions than either technique alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

The incidence of spearing by high school football ball carriers and their tacklers.

This study established the cumulative incidence per season of ball carrier spearing and concurrent defensive spearing by tacklers on a New Jersey high school football team. Spearing, which involves flexing the neck and initiating contact with the top of the helmet, is a significant cause of injury to the head and neck of a football player. To reduce the risk of head and neck injuries in football, all avenues of spearing must be explored. Nine game films from the 1989 football season were reviewed to determine the incidence of ball carrier spearing and concurrent defensive spearing. There were 167 incidents of ball carrier spearing (1 per 5.1 plays) and 72 incidents of concurrent defensive spearing (1 per 2.3 ball carrier spears), although no spearing penalties were called. This study detected a surprisingly high cumulative incidence of ball carrier spearing and concurrent defensive spearing, along with poor enforcement of the rule banning spearing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Medical treatment for reflux oesophagitis does not consistently improve asthma control: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the effect of treating reflux oesophagitis on asthma outcomes. METHODS: Randomised controlled trials of reflux oesophagitis treatment in adults or children that reported asthma health outcomes were included and assessed in accordance with the standard Cochrane systematic review process. Patients were typically adults with asthma and concurrent symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux who received interventions that included pharmacological therapy, conservative management, and surgery. The following outcome measures were assessed: lung function, peak expiratory flow, asthma symptoms, asthma medications, and nocturnal asthma. RESULTS: From 22 potentially relevant published and unpublished randomised controlled trials, 12 were included. Treatment duration ranged from 1 week to 6 months. Eight trials reported that treatment improved at least one asthma outcome, but these outcomes differed between trials. Overall, treatment of reflux oesophagitis did not consistently improve forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), peak expiratory flow rate, asthma symptoms, nocturnal asthma symptoms, or use of asthma medications in asthmatic subjects. Significant improvement in wheeze was reported in two studies. CONCLUSIONS: The published literature does not consistently support treatment of reflux oesophagitis as a means of controlling asthma. Further large randomised controlled trials in subjects with a demonstrated temporal relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma are needed. These trials should be conducted over at least 6 months to allow adequate time to observe a treatment effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Meta-analysis of antibiotics for the treatment of otitis media with effusion.

OBJECTIVE: To reconcile conflicting reports of antibiotic efficacy for otitis media with effusion in children. DATA SOURCES: English-language MEDLINE search ("antibiotics" and "otitis" media with effusion") from January 1980 through December 1990. Current Contents 1990, consultation with experts, and references from review articles, textbook chapters, and retrieved reports. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials with concurrent controls (placebo or no drug), and children with at least one ear not violated by tympanocentesis. Ten of the initial 82 articles were selected after blind review of the methods sections. DATA EXTRACTION: We independently evaluated each trial using 20 measures of internal and external validity, then extracted treatment and control responses for an end point of all affected ears free of effusion at the first posttreatment assessment. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pooled analysis of 1325 children yielded a rate difference of 22.8% (95% Cl, 10.5 to 35.1) that was minimally affected by interstudy quality differences, and was unlikely to represent publication bias. Variations in trial outcomes were not attributable to chance, study design, or choice of drug, but were inversely related to the control group natural cure rate. Children with chronic bilateral effusions not related to a recent episode of acute otitis media tended to have lower natural cure rates, and a more favorable response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics have a clinically and statistically significant impact on the resolution of otitis media with effusion. The association between outcome and natural cure rate has important implications for the design and interpretation of future trials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Review of the surgical treatment in superior sulcus tumor].

The rarity of the superior sulcus tumor has led to varying treatment techniques. Generally, radiation therapy followed by surgery has been used. En bloc resection combined with lobectomy and nodal dissection remains standard therapy. The unique location of this tumor, surgical approach thought to be important. Involvement of the anterior areas such as subclavian vessels can be resected by anterior transcervical approach, and vertebral body or brachial plexus through the classic Shaw Paulson approach. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is beneficial to the evaluation of the vessels, nerves, and surgical planning. Recent studies showed that induction concurrent chemoradiation therapy improved the resectability and curability. This article reviews the treatment of superior sulcus tumor.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2001

New heparin dosing recommendations for patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Despite major innovations in antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapy, unfractionated intravenous heparin is widely used to treat acute coronary syndromes. Recommendations for unfractionated heparin dosing in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina have been issued in two recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. An initial heparin bolus of 60 U/kg (maximum, 4000 U) followed by a 12-U/kg/h infusion (maximum 1000 U/h) is recommended with alteplase for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. When intravenous heparin is administered for myocardial infarction with non-ST elevation and unstable angina, an initial bolus of 60 to 70 U/kg (maximum, 5000 U) followed by a 12- to 15-U/kg/h infusion is recommended. The goal is to achieve an activated partial thromboplastin time of 50 to 70 seconds. Here, we review these new dosing regimens and explain the rationale for their use. We also review the risk of bleeding with heparin, especially when administered concurrently with aspirin, thrombolytic agents, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, and the relationship between activated partial thromboplastin time and cardiac events.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed2003

Clinical significance and outcome of one or two rib lesions on bone scans in breast cancer patients without known metastases.

The presence of one or two rib lesions on bone scans of post-treatment breast cancer patients without known metastases often makes clinical decision making problematic. The aim of this study was to identify skeletal metastasis predictors that might help the management of these patients. We recruited post-treatment breast cancer patients without overt metastases whose bone scans showed (1) one or two rib hot spots, or (2) one rib lesion and a concurrent bone abnormality. Their clinical and serial scintigraphic data were collected, reviewed and evaluated for correlations. After their first abnormal bone scans, 23 patients (11 of the 77 patients initially with one rib lesion (incidence, 14.3%), three of the 27 patients with two rib lesions (incidence, 11.1%), and nine of the 11 patients with one rib lesion plus a concurrent bone abnormality (incidence, 81.8%)) developed multiple bone metastases within 2 years of the initial rib lesions in all but one case. Univariate analyses revealed that a concurrent bone lesion other than the rib, direct tumour invasion to the chest wall or skin, and 10 or more lymph nodes involved were associated with increased risks of bone metastases whereas longer persistence of the rib lesions was associated with a lower risk. Multivariate proportional hazard analyses indicated that patients with a concurrent bone lesion other than the rib (relative risk (RR)=39.65; 95% confidence interval (CI)=8.13-193.28), 10 or more lymph nodes involved (RR=13.49; 95% CI=2.09-86.91), and no radiotherapy (RR=7.59; 95% CI=2.11-27.39) were more likely to have bone metastases, while those with longer persistence of the rib lesions (RR=0.92; 95% CI=0.84-0.98) and longer time interval between surgery and the rib lesion detection (RR=0.96; 95% CI=0.94-0.99) were less likely. We have identified clinical features applicable to risk stratification. High incidence of bone metastases was noted in patients with one rib lesion and a concurrent bone abnormality. Regular follow-up for 2 years after detection of rib lesions is recommended, especially for those with risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Psychometric properties and standardization samples of four screening tests for infants and young children: a review.

PURPOSE: This article compares traditional psychometric properties (interrater and test-retest reliability, concurrent and predictive validity), clinical epidemiological characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values), and standardization samples of four tests useful to pediatric therapists in screening infants and young children for developmental delays. SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS: Pediatric therapists are often involved in screening infants and young children for developmental delay. Ideally, they will use standardized tests that have strong psychometric properties (eg, reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity). The four tests described in this article vary in meeting these criteria. They vary as well in the domains assessed, age ranges for which they are intended, and desired qualifications of the examiners. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the four tests reviewed has identified strengths and weaknesses. Practicing clinicians should select screening tests based on the test's stated purpose, qualifications of the examiner, age range covered, administration and scoring time, developmental domains encompassed, comparability of the standardization sample, and strength of the test's psychometric properties.

Canada↗
PubMed2003

Effects of topiramate on aggressive, self-injurious, and disruptive/destructive behaviors in the intellectually disabled: an open-label retrospective study.

This study reviews the treatment response to the antiepileptic drug topiramate (Topamax-mean dose 202 mg/d, range 150-350 mg/d) of a group of 22 institutionalized intellectually disabled adults (8 males, 14 females, mean age 46.5 years, age range 25-70 years). These individuals were predominantly classified as having severe or profound intellectual disability and as having a mood disorder. The individuals studied were treated for aggression, self-injurious behaviors, destructive/disruptive behaviors or a combination of these, and/or other challenging and maladaptive behaviors. All subjects were receiving concurrent psychotropic and/or anticonvulsant medications. Effectiveness was determined by retrospective review of summaries of quarterly multidisciplinary Neuropsychiatric Behavioral Reviews. Assignment of global severity scores and evaluation of longitudinal behavioral graphs of target symptoms occurred. Overall, statistically significant decreases in global severity scores and in the cumulative aggression and worst behavior rates occurred in the subjects, especially when the 3 months before and the 3 to 6 months after starting topiramate were compared. The overall subject group showed no significant weight changes. One subject developed delirium, 1 developed hypoglycemia, 1 developed sedation, and 2 developed constipation. The results suggest that topiramate may have a role in the treatment of challenging/maladaptive behaviors in intellectually disabled individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Escherichia vulneris osteomyelitis of the tibia caused by a wooden foreign body.

A new species in the family Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia vulneris, was characterized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1982. It has been shown to have a predilection for human wounds, and several case reports have described superficial wound infections with this rare organism. Until now, however, there have been no reports of osteomyelitis occurring secondary to E vulneris infection. The authors present the case of a 13-year-old boy who fell on a stick and sustained a penetrating injury to his right knee. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lytic lesion with a foreign body in the tibial epiphysis. On culture, only E vulneris was found, and histologic examination showed the foreign body to be surrounded by acute and chronic inflammation, abscess formation, and foreign-body giant-cell reaction. Although a recent study questioned the pathogenicity of this organism after reviewing the cases of 12 patients in whom there was concurrent heavy growth of Staphylococcus aureus, the present case supports the finding that E vulneris is a human pathogen that should be treated when obtained from human wound cultures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of laparoscopic and open staging in Hodgkin disease.

BACKGROUND: Staging laparotomy provides useful information for management of Hodgkin disease but has fallen into disfavor because procedure-related morbidity exceeds that of new chemotherapeutic regimens. OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of laparoscopic staging for Hodgkin disease compared with those of open staging. PATIENTS: Fifty-five patients with Hodgkin disease of cell types including nodular sclerosis in 43 (78%), mixed cellularity in 9 (16%), and lymphocyte predominance in 3 (5%). STUDY DESIGN: Concurrent evaluation of laparoscopic staging (n = 15) and retrospective review of open staging (n = 40). INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic and open techniques of surgical staging for Hodgkin disease, including splenectomy, liver biopsies, and lymph node sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative time, duration of postoperative ileus and of postoperative hospitalization, morbidity, number of lymph nodes retrieved, alteration in pathologic stage, recurrence, and survival. RESULTS: For laparoscopic staging vs open staging groups, mean operative time was 202 vs 144 minutes (P=.001); mean postoperative ileus was 1.9 vs 3.2 days (P<.001); mean postoperative hospitalization was 4.4 vs 6.7 days (P<.001); complications occurred in 3 patients (20%) vs 11 patients (28%) (P=.57); and mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 8.5 vs 4.6 (P=.05). In the laparoscopic staging group, 2 cases (13%) were upstaged and 2 cases (13%) were downstaged. In the open staging group, 6 cases (15%) were upstaged and 3 cases (7.5%) were downstaged. Follow-up data were available for all patients in the laparoscopic staging group, at a mean of 23.5 months postoperatively. All were alive, none had recurrent disease below the diaphragm, and 2 (13%) had residual mediastinal disease. Follow-up data were available for 31 patients (78%) in the open staging group at a mean of 52.5 months postoperatively. All were alive, 27 (87%) were disease free, 3 (10%) had had relapses above the diaphragm, and 1 (3%) had residual mediastinal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with open staging, laparoscopic staging of Hodgkin disease is oncologically equivalent and functionally superior. These data should encourage reappraisal of the role of operative staging in the management of Hodgkin disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Correlations between leukocyte count and absolute granulocyte count in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

The absolute granulocyte count (AGC) has been considered the best index for estimating the risk of infection in patients receiving myelosuppressive therapy. However, many investigators and cooperative oncology groups use the leukocyte count and extrapolate concurrent AGC values from an arbitrary conversion scale. Our review of the literature revealed no analysis of the relationship between the leukocyte count and the AGC in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. It also failed to provide a method for converting toxicity criteria from one scale to the other. To explore the possible relationship of the leukocyte count to the AGC, we have completed a retrospective analysis of leukocyte count and accompanying AGC in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. The leukocyte count and the AGC are shown to be linearly related over the entire population, enabling predictable cross-indexing from leukocyte count to AGC by the use of the formula: AGC = -0.7 + 0.8 (leukocyte count). This provides a rational basis for the development of guidelines for drug dosing and toxicity. In the patient group with leukocyte count less than or equal to 4500, however, the magnitude of random variability decreased predictive ability. Numerous patients in this group received differing toxicity scale scores when classified according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scales for AGC and leukocyte count. In some cases, as much as 46% disagreement occurred. New toxicity scales for AGC and leukocyte count, which were developed based upon the linear relationship above, reduced this disagreement substantially. These scales result in a greater agreement of toxicity ratings, and may provide a more accurate method of classifying toxicity and regulating dosages of chemotherapeutic agents.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Toward optimal use of the cytology laboratory: quality improvement and cerebrospinal fluid specimens.

Review of 203 consecutive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens submitted concurrently to the cytology and hematology laboratories identified several quality improvement (QI) opportunities. Clinician/laboratory, interlaboratory, and intralaboratory issues are addressed. Data are utilized to formulate a multifaceted approach that would decrease patient expenditure, conserve laboratory resources, and improve the clinical value of CSF reports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Phenotypic and Genotypic Landscape of Sitosterolemia in China: Including a Rare Case With Nephronophthisis.

BACKGROUND: Sitosterolemia (STSL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in ABCG5 or ABCG8, characterized by hemolytic anemia, xanthomas, and atherosclerosis. Nephronophthisis (NPHP), another autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by its devastating progression toward renal failure. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and genetic data of a Chinese boy with concurrent STSL and NPHP. Separately, we conducted a comprehensive review of the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of all previously reported STSL cases in China. RESULTS: The proband presented with recurrent fever, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and renal dysfunction and was initially misdiagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Genetic testing confirmed biallelic ABCG8 mutations (c.490C>T and c.323-1G>C) and a homozygous NPHP1 deletion. A comprehensive review of 131 Chinese STSL cases (130 from the literature) found that xanthomas, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were the most common manifestations (each with a prevalence of 82.4%), followed by splenomegaly (32.1%), thrombocytopenia (32.1%), and anemia (30.5%). Hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C were more common in children, whereas hematologic abnormalities and organ damage were more prevalent in adults. Mutations in ABCG5 accounted for 77.1% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic testing is crucial when clinical findings conflict with the initial diagnosis. This study summarizes the largest cohort of Chinese STSL patients to date, which may aid in the early recognition and management of this condition.

Humans↗