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PubMed1980

Effect of feeding coffee and its lipids on regenerating and intact liver.

Liver regeneration was stimulated in partially hepatectomized rats fed diets supplemental with up to 7.0% by weight of ground green and roasted Brazilian or Hawaiian (Kona) coffee in a basal powdered ration but was little influenced by decaffeinated or African Robusta coffee diets over a period of 10 days. The causative agent occurred in the total lipids from the active ground coffee batches and could be concentrated in the unsaponifiable portion as was also noted with the product from Robusta coffee. The lipids were inactive by the sc route. Pressed Brazilian green coffee oil elicited a lower regenerative response and other caffeine sources such as ground kola nuts and Paraquay tea at levels of 7.0% as demonstrated earlier for black tea, were nonstimulatory. Caffeine tended to depress liver regeneration, a level of 0.40% being quite inhibitory. As based on the composition of the unsaponifiable material, the activity might reside in the diterpene alcohol fraction containing cafestol and kahweol and some fractionation of the mixture was attempted currently. The agents which were active in the operated series generally elicited wet and dry liver enlargement in intact rats over the same period.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and culture filtrate of Sclerotium rolfsii on phenolic and salicylic acid contents in chickpea (Cicer arietinum).

Two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf4 and P. aeruginosa strain Pag, protected chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) plants from Sclerotium rolfsii infection when applied singly or in combination as seed treatment. Pag gave the best protection to the seedlings, applied either singly (mortality 16%) or in combination with Pf4 (mortality 17%) compared with 44% and 24% mortality in control and Pf4 treatment, respectively. The two PGPR strains induced the synthesis of specific phenolic acids, salicylic acid (SA), as well as total phenolics at different growth stages of chickpea seedlings with varied amount. The maximum amount of total phenolics was recorded in all the aerial parts of 4-week-old plants. Gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids were the major phenolic acids detected in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Induction of such phenolic acids in the seedlings was observed up to 6 weeks in comparison with control. Salicylic acid (SA) was induced frequently during the first 3 weeks of growth only. Between the two strains, Pag was more effective in inducing phenolic acid synthesis applied either singly or in combination with strain Pf4 during the entire 6 weeks of growth of chickpea. In the presence of a culture filtrate of S. rolfsii, the two Pseudomonas strains induced more phenolic acids in treated than in non-treated and control plants. The occurrence of salicylic acid was frequent in the first 24 h, but infrequent at 48 and 96 h. Foliar spray of Pseudomonas strains also enhanced the phenolic acid content as well as total phenolics within 24 h of application. Gallic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids were consistently discerned in the treated leaves, whereas SA was absent even up to 96 h of application. Resistance in chickpea plants by Pseudomonas strains through induction of phenolic compounds as well as induced systemic resistance via SA-dependent pathway was evident.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed2006

Determining the binding affinities of phenolic compounds to proteins by quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence.

The noncovalent binding of selected phenolic compounds (chlorogenic-, ferulic-, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, and isoquercetin) to proteins (HSA, BSA, soy glycinin, and lysozyme) was studied by an indirect method applying the quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. From the data obtained, the binding constants were calculated by nonlinear regression (one site binding; y = Bx/k + x). It has been reported that tannins inhibit human salivary amylase and that these complexes may reduce the development of cariogenic plaques. Further, amylase contains two tryptophan residues in its active site. Therefore, in a second part of the study involving 31 human subjects, evidence was sought for noncovalent interactions between the phenols of green tea and saliva proteins as measured by the fluorescence intensity. Amylase activity was determined before and after the addition of green tea to saliva of 31 subjects. Forty percent of the subjects showed an increase in amylase activity contrary to studies reporting only a decrease in activity. The interactions of tannin with amylase result in a decrease of its activity. It still remains to be elucidated why amylase does not react uniformly under conditions of applying green tea to saliva. Further, in terms of using phenols as caries inhibitors this finding should be of importance.

Amylases↗