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PubMed1977

The metabolism of biogenic amines in experimental animals and in human subjects during acute and chronic administration of ethanol.

Ethanol has been shown to induce a shift in catecholamine metabolism peripherally from normally oxidative pathways to reductive pathways. The mechanisms of this effect may result from competitive inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by acetaldehyde. The shift in metabolism cannot be found in brain and alterations in catecholamine function may reflect changes in the turnover of these amines.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1991

N2-acetylphenelzine: effects on rat brain GABA, alanine and biogenic amines.

The neurochemical properties of N2-acetylphenelzine were compared with those of phenelzine in a rat model. N2-Acetylphenelzine is a relatively potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A and -B and causes increases in whole-brain levels of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine, and decreases in homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acetic after acute i.p. administration of the drug. Phenelzine is a more potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor than is N2-acetylphenelzine. The most marked difference in the profile was that N2-acetylphenelzine had no effect on whole brain levels of the amino acid neurotransmitters alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, whereas phenelzine caused dramatic increases. Acetylation of phenelzine at the N2 position presumably interferes with the inhibition of the transaminase enzymes for gamma-aminobutyric acid and alanine.

Alanine↗
PubMed1995

Modulation of behavior by biogenic amines and peptides in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.

Using the blue crab Callinectes sapidus as a model system, we have investigated the effects of potential neuromodulators on freely behaving animals. Of interest is the modulatory effect of a number of drugs on three rhythmic behaviors of the blue crab: courtship display (CD) of the male crab, sideways swimming and backward swimming. The drugs tested were proctolin, dopamine, octopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Injection of each drug elicited a unique posture or combination of limb movements. These experiments showed two results pertinent to CD behavior: A posture identical to the CD posture was displayed after dopamine injection; and rhythmic leg waving similar to CD was evoked by proctolin. An unusual combination of flexion and extension of all limbs and movements of some limbs occurred after serotonin injection. Injection of octopamine led to a posture antagonistic to CD posture. The effects of these drugs were concentration- and time-dependent. Injection of dopamine, octopamine, or serotonin produced effects that were seasonally-dependent, and the influence of proctolin proved to be dependent on developmental stage. Quantitative analysis of leg waving movements after proctolin injection allowed for comparison of these movements to naturally-occurring behavior.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Identification of two populations of biogenic amine-containg cells in the mouse lung.

Two distinct populations of fluorogenic amine-containing cells were observed in the lungs of nine-week old mice: one with an intense yellow emission, which possible indicates the presence of serotonin; and one emitting a yellow-green fluorescence, which probably indicates the presence of a catecholamine such as dopamine or norepinephrine. Simultaneous identification of two different fluorogenic amine-containing cells, without pre-administration of a precursor to that amine, has not previously been reported. Such evidence of amine-containing cells demonstrated the success of the perfusion-freezing technique and established that cellular storage of fluorogenic amines does occur in vivo under normal physiological conditions. The function of such amine-containing cells has not been established; however, their location and the known physiological effects of amines would suggest regional control of ventilation/perfusion of the lung.

Animals↗