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PubMed1987

Basophil histamine release. A study in allergy to suxamethonium.

A patient who suffered a severe hypotensive episode after induction of anaesthesia, was subsequently found to show positive skin-test responses to suxamethonium. Investigation revealed that suxamethonium induced basophils from the patient to release histamine to an extent comparable to that found after exposure to anit-IgE. Basophils from control subjects showed no such response. Basophil histamine release may offer a useful approach to the investigation of adverse drug reactions.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on basophils and mast cells.

Anaphylaxis in response to drugs administered during anaesthesia is a rare but potentially catastrophic event. The anaesthetic drugs most commonly associated with anaphylaxis are neuromuscular blocking agents. As these drugs act on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the neuromuscular junction, potentiation of anaphylaxis by a nicotinic receptor on basophils and mast cells is plausible. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present on a human basophil and mast cell lines as their presence may suggest a mechanism of associated anaphylaxis. Nicotinic receptors were demonstrated on a basophil and a mast cell line using an alpha-bungarotoxin-fluorescein conjugate by flow cytometry and by both conventional and confocal microscopic techniques. The identity of this receptor was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative PCR.

Basophils↗

PubMed1986

Effect of calcium antagonists on histamine release from human basophil leukocytes.

The effect of calcium antagonists on basophil activation was investigated in 14 subjects. Verapamil, methoxyverapamil and diltiazem, in a concentration range of 1-100 microM, exert a concentration-dependent inhibition on the human basophil histamine release induced by calcium ionophore A23187, zymosan activated human serum and grass pollen allergens. This inhibitory effect is highly variable from subject to subject and from drug to drug. At concentrations higher than 200 microM, verapamil, methoxyverapamil and diltiazem induce a calcium independent histamine secretion from basophil leukocytes. This mediator release is associated with an increase in LDH levels in the cell supernatant and seems to be due to a cytotoxic effect.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Basophils, histamine and gastric acid secretin in chronic myeloproliferative disorders.

Fourteen patients with polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and four with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) were studied to examine the relationship between basophil counts, blood histamine, gastric acid secretion and dyspepsia or peptic ulceration. Basophil counts and blood histamine were markedly raised in untreated CGL but only marginally increased in other cases. Blood histamine and basophil counts were well correlated. Gastric acid secretion was normal in 10 out of 11 cases, and did not correlate with blood histamine values. The previously reported high incidence of dyspepsia and peptic ulceration is examined and its mechanisms are discussed.

Basophils↗

PubMed1975

Appearance of basophils in the sputum of patients with bronchial asthma.

A total of 108 samples of sputum obtained from twenty patients with bronchial asthma were examined for appearance of basophils and eosinophils. Both cell types are present in sputum during an asthmatic attack and disappear at the conclusion of the attack. Their presence correlates with the severity of the disease. It has previously been demonstrated that the blood basophils count falls during attacks of bronchial asthma, and the present study suggests that basophils move from the blood stream into bronchial tissue during the acute phase of an asthmatic attack.

Asthma↗

PubMed1981

The human basophil degranulation test as an in vitro method for the diagnosis of allergies.

We have designed a human basophil degranulation test based on a one-step method of basophil staining after exposure to a specific allergen. This very simple test is now commercially available as a ready-to-use kit. It explores the allergic sensitivity at the cellular level, probably through IgE-dependent sensitization of the basophil. It positively correlates with histamine release and radioallergosorbent test (RAST). It detects sensitivity to common allergens and to chemical and food products as well. In its present state, the test provides a simple, inexpensive specific means for in vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases. Recently, it has been further developed to be performed on the automatic Hemalog D Technicon machine.

Allergens↗

PubMed1982

Histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor and circulating basophil levels following exercise in asthmatic and control subjects.

Significant increase in the maximum post-exercise values of plasma histamine (PH), whole blood histamine (WBH) and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) occurred in arterial blood within the first hour after exercise in asthmatic patients. However, similar changes in PH and WBH also occurred in the control group. Significant increases in circulating basophil counts following exercise were found in both groups, which closely mirrored the changes in PH and NCF, and there was a highly significant correlation between rises in WBH and basophil counts (P less than 0.001). When plasma histamine as assayed in venous blood using a more sensitive and specific double isotope radio enzymatic assay no significant alteration in plasma histamine levels was detected in either the asthmatic or the control group. We conclude that there is no evidence from these studies to support the suggestion that mast cell mediator release is involved in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma, and that any observed changes in levels of PH and NCF after exercise may be related to changes in levels of circulating basophils.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Presence of IgG4 on the membrane of human basophils. Histamine release is induced by monoclonal antibodies directed against the Fab but not the Fc region of the IgG4 molecule.

We have studied the possible role of human IgG4 as an anaphylactic antibody. For that purpose, we have determined the induction of histamine release (HR) from human basophils by anti-IgE and anti-IgG4 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) recognizing different epitopes located at the Fc and Fab regions of the IgG4 molecule. The results show that anti-IgG4 (Fab) MoAb was able to induce HR in 93% of donors tested, with no differences between atopics and non-atopics. That HR is calcium dependent and is accompanied by the synthesis and release of leukotriene C4. In contrast, no HR could be induced by anti-IgG4(Fc) MoAbs in any individual, even in the presence of D2O or after a second challenge with a polyclonal goat anti-mouse IgG antibody. The results obtained suggest the presence of IgG4 on the basophil membrane and that the epitope recognized by the anti-IgG4 (Fc) MoAbs is probably hidden in cell-bound IgG4. This was demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques: IgG4 bound to the basophil membrane could be detected with anti-IgG4(Fab) but not with anti-IgG4(Fc) MoAbs. In addition, we found that nine donors were unresponsive to an anti-IgE stimulus, while they released histamine efficiently after challenge with anti-IgG4(Fab), suggesting the existence of different receptors for both immunoglobulins.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1995

Human auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies to mite-specific IgE can degranulate human basophils in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids) to specific IgE antibodies are formed spontaneously during an anti-allergen immune response and can be induced by immunotherapy. Although anti-Ids can down-regulate the production of IgE antibodies, at least in experimental models, their possible role in the modulation of target cell reactivity remains ill-defined. OBJECTIVE: The capacity of human anti-Ids to modulate the release of histamine was examined in an in vitro system of human basophil degranulation. Anti-Ids were prepared from the serum of six Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp)-hypersensitive patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and who had never been desensitized. Basophils were obtained from the blood of atopic donors. The extent of histamine release was determined using a fluorometric assay. RESULTS: We show that: anti-Ids trigger the release of histamine in an allergen-specific, dose- and IgE-dependent manner; the release is not due to the presence of allergen and/or anti-IgE antibodies; and that the degranulating activity can be removed by absorption with affinity-purified anti-Dp antibodies of the corresponding patient. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that spontaneously produced human anti-Ids can modulate the reactivity of human basophils.

Allergens↗

PubMed2004

Assessment of histamine-releasing activity of sera from patients with chronic urticaria showing positive autologous skin test on human basophils and mast cells.

BACKGROUND: All previous studies agree that only a proportion of sera from patients with chronic urticaria (CU) positive on the autologous serum skin test (ASST) are able to induce histamine release in vitro. A non-specific release of bradykinins during clotting of blood samples has been suggested; however, ASST seems rather specific and some data point to the existence of a mast cell-specific histamine-releasing factor. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether, and to what extent, the use of both human basophils and mast cells increases the sensitivity of in vitro histamine release assays (HRAs) in ASST-positive patients with CU. METHODS: The histamine-releasing activity of sera from 93 patients with CU selected on the basis of strong skin reactivity on ASST was assessed in vitro on basophils from 1 (n=86), 2 (n=31), or 3 (n=20) normal donors, and on mast cells from 1 (n=3), 2 (n=3), or 3 (n=87) normal donors. RESULTS: Sera from 88/93 (95%) patients induced significant histamine release from mast cells or basophils on at least one HRA. 76/93 (82%), 45/90 (50%), 22/80 (28%), and 6/12 (50%) sera were able to induce significant histamine release from cells of 2/5, 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 donors, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sera from nearly all ASST-positive patients with CU are able to induce histamine release in vitro. However, the serum from each single patient seems to show its maximal activity on autologous mast cells in vivo, and functional in vitro tests show much variability and seem less sensitive than ASST in the detection of patients with histamine-releasing factors in their blood.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Acquired basophil and eosinophil deficiency in a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with thymoma.

A 55-year-old male with a history of recurrent bacterial and viral infection was found to have hypogammaglobulinaemia in association with a benign thymoma. The patient lacked eosinophils and was deficient in basophils in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The absence of eosinophils in a skin challenge known to recruit these cells, and below normal total peripheral blood leucocyte histamine content further suggests a deficiency of eosinophils and basophils respectively. Abnormal suppressor T cell function was documented both phenotypically, using OKT monoclonal antisera, and functionally in pokeweed mitogen stimulated cultures. This patient is the first reported with a deficiency of both eosinophils and basophils occurring in the presence of hypogammaglobulinaemia and thymoma; these abnormalities may be related to the abnormal suppressor T cell function that is present.

Agammaglobulinemia↗

PubMed1981

Histamine secretion from human leucocytes stimulated by basophil-derived platelet-activating factor.

Crude preparations of platelet-activating factors (PAF) derived by methanolic extraction of supernatants from antigen-challenged basophils generally stimulated the secretion of histamine from human peripheral blood leucocytes when co-incubated with these cells in the absence of an additional stimulator. When these crude preparations were analysed by a preparative thin-layer chromatography technique established for the isolation of purified native PAF, multiple lipid components were identified. The component that migrated in accordance with native PAF, and which activated platelets to aggregation/secretion, was responsible for the induction of histamine release previously seen with the crude PAF preparations and could augment histamine secretion from leucocytes undergoing stimulation with either the biologically active peptide F-Met-Leu-Phe or with antigen E. These data suggest that basophil-derived PAF may serve as an important endogenous feedback mechanism during basophil activation in addition to its modulatory role upon the platelet.

Basophils↗

PubMed1993

Characterization of a tryptase mRNA expressed in the human basophil cell line KU812.

The expression of a tryptic serine protease was detected in the cell line KU812 by Northern blot analysis with an oligonucleotide probe directed against a conserved region present in all of the five presently cloned human mast cell tryptases. PCR primers designed for the amplification of a nearly full-length copy of tryptase mRNAs were used to study the identity of the KU812 tryptase. Ten clones were characterized and all were found to be identical to one of the tryptases previously cloned from a human skin cDNA library. This tryptase has been thought to originate from mast cells of the skin. Two possible explanations may account for the observed identity between the presumed mast cell tryptase and the KU812 tryptase. Firstly, it is possible that the KU812 tryptase is a basophil-specific tryptase which has previously been cloned from a human skin cDNA library containing low levels of cDNA copies derived from basophils in the starting material. Secondly, the KU812 cell line, and possibly normal basophils, express a tryptase which is identical to one of the tryptases expressed in normal skin mast cells. We cannot at present rule out any of the two possibilities, but we favour the second explanation as being the most likely.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1981

Purification of human basophils by affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB.

This work describes a method for the purification of basophil leukocytes from human peripheral blood by the use of a three-step separation technique including affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB. The purity of the obtained basophils was 50--95% and the recovery was 30--40%. The basophils separated by this method appeared normal and were found to be reactive with anti-IgE in subsequent tests.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗

PubMed1985

Bronchial and basophil reaction to polymyxin B in asthmatic patients.

The hypothesis that increased reactivity to polymyxin B in asthmatic patients is not limited to the bronchi but also exists in basophils was investigated in 26 atopic asthmatic subjects. Quantification of basophil degranulation induced by polymyxin B was performed using a flow-cytometric method. Significant degranulation was noted in 17 patients, but in none of 10 healthy controls. There was close relationship between basophil "releasability" to polymyxin B and bronchial reactivity to inhaled polymyxin B. These findings support the hypothesis.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1987

Effect of interleukin 2 on basophil histamine release.

Accumulating evidence suggests a link between immediate hypersensitivity and cellular immunity. In this study, we examined the effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on basophil histamine release. Histamine-releasing activity of IL-2 was very weak with % histamine release of 2.9 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SEM, n = 9) at 1:12 dilution. IL-2 at 1:1200 dilution slightly inhibited anti-IgE-induced histamine release by 22.4 +/- 18.6% (P greater than 0.05). There was a significant potentiation of release at 1:12 dilution of IL-2 with % enhancement of 78.7 +/- 42.2 (P less than 0.05). IL-2 enhanced the calcium ionophore A23187-induced histamine release in a dose-dependent fashion. IL-2 at 1:12 dilution significantly potentiated release by 28.8 +/- 6.3% (P less than 0.05). There was a slight suppression of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced histamine release at 1:1200 dilution with % inhibition of 23.4 +/- 7.4 (P greater than 0.05). At 1:12 dilution, IL-2 significantly potentiated FMLP-induced release by 73.7 +/- 41.6% (P less than 0.05). Recombinant IL-2 (RIL-2) augmented anti-IgE-induced histamine release with a significant enhancement at 200 units/ml. Conventional IL-2 was more potent than RIL-2 in enhancing release. These results indicate that IL-2 enhances basophil histamine release and some part of the effect of IL-2 on basophils is derived from other factors contained in conventional IL-2.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗

PubMed1994

Interferon therapy for atopic dermatitis reduces basophil histamine release, but does not reduce serum IgE or eosinophilic proteins.

Nine adult patients suffering from severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and increased total serum IgE were treated with recombinant human interferon-alpha 2A (Roferon-AR; IFN-alpha-2A) 3 x 10(6) units daily for 21 d to study the effect upon serum IgE, basophil histamine release (HR), eosinophil-derived proteins in serum, and clinical symptoms. The skin disease was so severe that all patients needed topical treatment with glucocorticosteroid cream. Changes were not observed in total serum IgE or in eosinophil-derived proteins, the latter being increased in six of nine patients. A significant reduction in basophil HR was found in six of nine patients after anti-IgE and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation, but not after A23187 stimulation. The clinical skin score was reduced in eight of nine patients at the end of therapy, but disease activity returned to pretreatment levels within 3 weeks despite continued topical treatment. rIFN-alpha-2A was well tolerated with few clinical side-effects, and all patients completed the study. The short-term therapy using IFN-alpha-2A neither brought a sustained clinical remission nor reduced total serum IgE or eosinophil-derived proteins. However, a significant reduction in IgE-receptor-mediated basophil HR was observed in six of nine patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

In vitro effects of the pyrethroid S-bioallethrin on lymphocytes and basophils from atopic and nonatopic subjects.

Synthetic pyrethroids are increasingly used as insecticides and marketed as having relatively low human toxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of the synthetic pyrethroid S-bioallethrin on human blood lymphocytes and basophils in atopic individuals and nonatopic control subjects. S-bioallethrin caused inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation after a 72-h culture period in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of the lymphocyte proliferation by S-bioallethrin at the concentration 6.5 microM correlated well with the total serum IgE values (r = -0.89, P < 0.001). Samples from atopic subjects were more sensitive to this inhibition than those from nonatopic volunteers. The regulatory interleukin-4/interferon-gamma (JL-4/IFN-gamma) balance showed a significant difference between atopic and nonatopic subjects after a short-term culture period (24 h) in the presence of the same concentration range of S-bioallethrin (P < 0.001). Additionally, IFN-gamma secretion was consistently lower in cells from the atopic donors. Furthermore, S-bioallethrin induced histamine release from human basophils in a concentration-dependent manner. Although the effect was small compared to histamine liberators such as N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and anti-IgE, the response to S-bioallethrin was significantly different in atopic donors from nonatopic (P = 0.0431). These findings are the first demonstration of the immunotoxicologic properties of the synthetic pyrethroid S-bioallethrin by this combined in vitro approach with human lymphocytes and basophils. Further studies will investigate the responses of lymphocytes from patients who are sensitive to these agents.

Adolescent↗