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PubMed1990

[Psychopathologic syndromes in alcoholic intoxication, drug abuse and cerebral ischemia].

The triadic system of psychiatry according to Kurt Schneider (1887-1967) is considered the systematic framework. The main forms of alcoholic poisoning, medication abuse and defective cerebral circulation are examined with regard to the unspecificity of psychopathological syndromes. Despite a considerable convergence there are quite a few differential diagnostic criteria, which are helpful in solving the perioperative problems of alcoholics and persons with medication dependency or defective cerebral circulation. All participants in the treatment of such patients must expand their knowledge of psychopathology and psychiatry.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[35S-thiamine transport in the rat small intestine in hypovitaminosis B1 and acute alcoholic intoxication].

35S-thiamine absorption was studied on an isolated strip of the small intestine in experiments on male albino rats with hypovitaminosis B1 and acute alcohol poisoning. The degree of hypovitaminosis was determined by the analysis of blood transketolase. Hypovitaminosis B1 provoked increased thiamine absorption by the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Concurrently, no changes in active transport of thiamine through the wall of the small intestine were observed. Single administration of ethanol in a dose of 5 g/kg body weight into the stomach resulted in a substantial inhibition of active transport, but thiamine accumulation by the mucous membrane remained unchanged. Therefore, ethanol affecting active transport had a less effect on passive diffusion of thiamine. This process, however, depends on thiamine depot saturation in the mucous membrane tissue.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed2003

Feasibility of identification of alcohol intoxication by nurses in emergency departments.

Vehicle-related injuries are the major cause of death and injuries in Hualien County, and driving under the influence of alcohol plays a major role in such crashes. From December 1997 to May 1998, we determined the blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of injured individuals from vehicle crashes at two emergency departments in Hualien. Nurses were asked to record whether the patient presented with an alcohol odor. The accuracy of detection by nurses was assessed from the BAC and groups with increased prevalence were identified for screening. Of 945 patients assessed, 505 (53.4%) tested positive by BAC and 320 (33.9%) were identified with an alcohol odor. With a BAC threshold of more than 50 mg/dL, detection sensitivity was 75.4%, specificity was 90.4%, and accuracy was 85.0% (95% confidence interval: 82.7, 87.3). Patients with an alcohol odor were significantly more likely to be men, aborigines, or head-injured patients. The accuracy of detection showed no significant difference by gender, head injury, or driver status. We suggest that detection of alcohol odor by nurses may be a feasible assessment of the role of alcohol in road traffic accidents. This may provide essential data for injury prevention strategies and programs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of hypertonic glucose solution in acute alcoholic intoxication: a double-blind study].

The authors have performed a double-blind study, evaluating blood levels of glucose and ethanol and the neurologic status of 83 alcoholized patients who were admitted to an emergency hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The patients were evaluated and admittance to the service and 40 minutes later. The mean glycemia was 90 +/- 21mg/dl, with most patients with the normal range. One patient, whose blood glucose level was 63mg/dl, presented hypoglycemic symptoms. Blood glucose and ethanol concentrations were not found to have linear correlation. Immediately after the first evaluation, 20ml of 50% glucose was administrated to 41 patients. The others received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution as placebo. No statistic difference was found between the two groups with regard to the lowering of ethanol levels after the 40min interval. The neurologic status was evaluated through a score test adapted by the authors. Both groups presented similar score improvement. The results reinforce the idea that glucose should be administered to alcoholized patients only when hypoglycemia signs are present.

Adolescent↗