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PubMed1985

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in the lumen and mucus blanket of rat colons studied in vivo.

Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica HM-1 were cultivated axenically in TYI-S medium. The amoebae were then transferred into this medium lacking serum (TYI) and inoculated into in vivo colon loops of adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The trophozoites were rapidly absorbed by the mucus, and few were found free in the luminal fluid by 1 h. By 4 h, the amoebae began to reappear in the lumen, aggregated in sloughed mucus blanket fragments. The colon was examined histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. There was no evidence of invasion or even brush-border attachment by the trophozoites within 4 h. In TYI, trophozoite motility was low. Exposure to the colonic lumen environment for 5 min in this medium significantly increased motility. However, as the trophozoites became absorbed to mucus fragments, their observed motility virtually ceased despite some morphological evidence of pseudopod extension. Erythrophagocytosis was not significantly affected by either exposing trophozoites to TYI washings of the colonic lumen, or by the more complete medium, TYI-S, in which the amoebae were significantly more motile. Two major mucus glycoprotein oligosaccharide end-group sugars, L-fucose and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, were tested for their effects on trophozoite motility in both TYI and TYI-S. L-Fucose reduced motility; the sialic acid increased motility. It is concluded that the intestinal lumen contains several compartments, including the luminal fluid and the mucus blanket, and that Entamoeba trophozoites exist in a highly motile state in the former and a low motility state in the latter. The mucus blanket provided a significant barrier to trophozoite access to intestinal epithelium target tissue.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1979

Parasitic disease in humans: the extent in Canada.

Much is being said, often dramatically, about the potential hazards of parasitic diseases in Canada, but little or no attempt has been made to determine the true extent of the problem. Indigenous parasite pathogens are recognized in resident Canadians, and pathogens are acquired by travellers abroad or reported from immigrants. The role of each of these categories is important in the characterization of the problem of parasitic diseases in Canada. From data provided by provincial laboratories and hospitals it is estimated that 1 person in 1000 will spend 1 day per year in hospital because of intestinal parasites, and 1 in 100 each year will have a diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection made from examination of a stool sample.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1983

Amebiasis in red-footed tortoises.

Of 500 red-footed tortoises imported to southern Florida, approximately 200 died during a 2-month period. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included anorexia, listlessness, and watery diarrhea, with lingering death. Necropsy consistently revealed thickened duodenum, with necrotic mucosa and multifocal to diffuse areas of hepatic necrosis. Histologic evaluation of tissues demonstrated numerous amebae in intestinal and hepatic lesions.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1986

[A rare cause of 2 unclear fatalities: undiagnosed acute and chronic amebiasis].

Two cases are reported of unexpected and unclarified death caused by an infection with Entamoeba histolytica. The first case concerned a German whose disease was not diagnosed during the asymptomatic phase (2 years' duration) or in the acute phase during the last 3 weeks before death. This is typical of the disease. In the final phase, he developed a hepatic abscess. Death occurred as a consequence of bilateral apoplexia in the adrenal glands. In the second case a Turk fell ill with gastralgia and diarrhea. Developing hepatic insufficiency with comsumptive coagulopathy, he died after 6 days. Intoxication and/or intolerance of fructose were assumed as tentative diagnoses. These two cases show clearly that even outside an endemic area, one has to reckon with the possibility of amebiasis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2004

Amebic perforation of the colon: rare and frequently fatal complication.

Amebic colitis perforation is a rare clinical form of amebiasis characteristically associated with high morbidity and mortality. We here present our series of eight patients with amebic colitis perforation. These patients represent 5% of 150 patients hospitalized during the same period for chronic amebic colitis. Only 50% of our patients had a correct preoperative diagnosis, and signs of generalized peritonitis such as rebound tenderness or muscular rigidity were not as common as might have been expected. Our mortality rate was 50% despite aggressive surgical treatment. Every effort should be made to have an early diagnosis, which would lead to early treatment with antiamebic agents, earlier and more limited surgery, and improved survival of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Parasitic diarrhea.

This article reviews the biology, epidemiology, and clinical management of amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis as well as the less common intestinal protozoa, Dientamoeba fragilis, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis hominis.

Diarrhea↗