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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of Meta-1 for a concept-based approach to the automated indexing and retrieval of bibliographic and full-text databases.

SAPHIRE is a concept-based approach to information retrieval in the biomedical domain. Indexing and retrieval are based on a concept-matching algorithm that processes free text to identify concepts and map them to their canonical form. This process requires a large vocabulary containing a breadth of medical concepts and a diversity of synonym forms, which is provided by the Meta-1 vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System Project of the National Library of Medicine. This paper describes the use of Meta-1 in SAPHIRE and an evaluation of both entities in the context of an information retrieval study.

Abbreviations as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Medicare case-mix index increase.

Medicare paid hospitals a higher amount per admission in 1984 than had been planned because the case-mix index (CMI), which reflects the proportion of patients in high-weighted DRG's versus low-weighted ones, increased more than had been projected. This study estimated the degree to which the increase in the CMI from 1981 reflected medical practice changes, the aging of the Medicare inpatient population, changes in coding practices of physicians and hospitals, and changes in the way that the Health Care Financing Administration collects the data on case-mix. All of the above, except for aging, contributed to the increase in the CMI.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

[The biomedical periodicals of Hungarian editions--historical overview].

INTRODUCTION: The majority of Hungarian scientific results are published in international periodicals in foreign languages. Yet the publications in Hungarian scientific periodicals also should not be ignored. AIM: This study analyses biomedical periodicals of Hungarian edition from different points of view. METHODS: Based on different databases a list of titles consisting of 119 items resulted, which contains both the core and the peripheral journals of the biomedical field. These periodicals were analysed empirically, one by one: checking out the titles. RESULTS: 13 of the titles are ceased, among the rest 106 Hungarian scientific journals 10 are published in English language. From the remaining majority of Hungarian language and publishing only a few show up in international databases. Although quarter of the Hungarian biomedical journals meet the requirements, which means they could be represented in international databases, these periodicals are not indexed. 42 biomedical periodicals are available online. Although quarter of these journals come with restricted access. 2/3 of the Hungarian biomedical journals have detailed instructions to authors. These instructions inform the publishing doctors and researchers of the requirements of a biomedical periodical. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing number of Hungarian biomedical journals published is welcome news. But it would be important for quality publications which are cited a lot to appear in the Hungarian journals. The more publications are cited, the more journals and authors gain in prestige on home and international level.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of SAPHIRE: an automated approach to indexing and retrieving medical literature.

An analysis of SAPHIRE, an experimental information retrieval system featuring automated indexing and natural language retrieval, was performed on MEDLINE references using data previously generated for a MEDLINE evaluation. Compared with searches performed by novice and expert physicians using MEDLINE, SAPHIRE achieved comparable recall and precision. While its combined recall and precision performance did not equal the level of librarians, SAPHIRE did achieve a significantly higher level of absolute recall. SAPHIRE has other potential advantages over existing MEDLINE systems. Its natural language interface does not require knowledge of MeSH, and it provides relevance ranking of retrieved references.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

Inductive creation of an annotation schema for manually indexing clinical conditions from emergency department reports.

Evaluating automated indexing applications requires comparing automatically indexed terms against manual reference standard annotations. However, there are no standard guidelines for determining which words from a textual document to include in manual annotations, and the vague task can result in substantial variation among manual indexers. We applied grounded theory to emergency department reports to create an annotation schema representing syntactic and semantic variables that could be annotated when indexing clinical conditions. We describe the annotation schema, which includes variables representing medical concepts (e.g., symptom, demographics), linguistic form (e.g., noun, adjective), and modifier types (e.g., anatomic location, severity). We measured the schema's quality and found: (1) the schema was comprehensive enough to be applied to 20 unseen reports without changes to the schema; (2) agreement between author annotators applying the schema was high, with an F measure of 93%; and (3) the authors made complementary errors when applying the schema, demonstrating that the schema incorporates both linguistic and medical expertise.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Identification of key concepts in biomedical literature using a modified Markov heuristic.

MOTIVATION: The recent explosion of interest in mining the biomedical literature for associations between defined entities such as genes, diseases and drugs has made apparent the need for robust methods of identifying occurrences of these entities in biomedical text. Such concept-based indexing is strongly dependent on the availability of a comprehensive ontology or lexicon of biomedical terms. However, such ontologies are very difficult and expensive to construct, and often require extensive manual curation to render them suitable for use by automatic indexing programs. Furthermore, the use of statistically salient noun phrases as surrogates for curated terminology is not without difficulties, due to the lack of high-quality part-of-speech taggers specific to medical nomenclature. RESULTS: We describe a method of improving the quality of automatically extracted noun phrases by employing prior knowledge during the HMM training procedure for the tagger. This enhancement, when combined with appropriate training data, can greatly improve the quality and relevance of the extracted phrases, thereby enabling greater accuracy in downstream literature mining tasks.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis].

In this article we present a review of problems associated with cognitive dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuropsychological investigations demonstrated that cognitive dysfunctions are common in MS patients and affect 40-65% of them. Cognitive deficits were found mainly on measures of memory, attention, information-processing speed, executive functions and abstract reasoning. The differences and degree of cognitive dysfunctions in MS are highlighted and usually related to different clinical appearance (clinical course, duration, disability level, treatment type). Furthermore, we have reviewed published correlations between psychopathological dysfunctions and neuroimaging results (mainly MRI techniques and functional imaging). The results of these correlations showed that an important role in cognitive impairment is related to the total lesion area, the severity of the pathological damage of the normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT), and brain atrophy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1967

Selection of journals for Index Medicus: a historical review.

From the inception of the first Index Medicus, published in 1879, to the present, the National Library of Medicine has been concerned with the quality of journals in the Index. The Library has, therefore, sought advice repeatedly on how best to maintain currency of the Index without sacrificing quality and subject matter balance. Responding to suggestions, the Library decided in June 1964 to base its selection of journals on recommendations made by a panel consisting primarily of extramural consultants widely regarded as specialists in the totality of biomedical literature. Beginning with its first meeting in September 1964, this panel has been fortified in its reviews by advice from subject matter specialists. The panel, by its own wishes, which bear the endorsement of the Board of Regents of the Library, will continue to rely heavily on such expert advice in future evaluations of journals.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

An efficient and effective region-based image retrieval framework.

An image retrieval framework that integrates efficient region-based representation in terms of storage and complexity and effective on-line learning capability is proposed. The framework consists of methods for region-based image representation and comparison, indexing using modified inverted files, relevance feedback, and learning region weighting. By exploiting a vector quantization method, both compact and sparse (vector) region-based image representations are achieved. Using the compact representation, an indexing scheme similar to the inverted file technology and an image similarity measure based on Earth Mover's Distance are presented. Moreover, the vector representation facilitates a weighted query point movement algorithm and the compact representation enables a classification-based algorithm for relevance feedback. Based on users' feedback information, a region weighting strategy is also introduced to optimally weight the regions and enable the system to self-improve. Experimental results on a database of 10,000 general-purposed images demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1984

The Lithium Index: an innovative approach to consultation by computer.

The Lithium Index, a computer consultation program, was developed at the Lithium Information Center to quickly provide up-to-date information about lithium and its side effects. Information is contained in brief summaries that are compiled from the literature, organized by clinical topic, and written and retrieved by means of an interactive computer program. Computer-stored texts are easily updated to incorporate new information. The authors present an example that deals with the use of lithium during pregnancy, the most frequently requested topic.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1987

100 citation classics from the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The 100 most-cited JAMA articles were identified using the 1955 through 1983 Science Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information. The most-cited article received 705 citations, while the least-cited article received 158. The oldest was published in 1910 and the most recent in 1976. These articles describe important medical advances in areas such as asbestos exposure, smoking, and oral contraceptives. Most of the 285 JAMA authors are Americans and include Baruch S. Blumberg and Edward A. Doisy, both Nobel laureates. Thirteen of the articles were included in JAMA's original landmark series; the editorial committee used a combination of peer review and citation frequency to select 51 articles.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organizing medical networked information (OMNI).

The Internet has become a major source of biomedical information over the last 5 years. Several projects have recently been established to help users find respectable information sources quickly. OMNI (Organizing Medical Networked Information) is one such filtering and indexing project. OMNI has focused on the quality of information and the application to Internet resources of standard tools for organizing information such as the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and the Dublin Core metadata format. Now two years old, the OMNI project fulfils a valuable role for the UK biomedical community, through its gateway service (http:@omni.ac.uk), its printed resource guides and its training workshop programme. OMNI is also a focus for biomedical metadata activities in the UK. The gateway continues to grow in size and further work on information quality issues and integration is planned.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

[Atención Primaria journal in MEDLINE: an analysis of the first 7 years of indexing (1989-1995)].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the validity of the information of bibliometric interest retrieved from MEDLINE and referred to the articles published by Atención Primaria journal from 1989 to 1995. To describe the presence of this journal and its evolution among the journals of its own thematic group (Family Practice) during the same period. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. MATERIAL: MEDLINE database on SilverPlatter, 1997 edition. MEASUREMENTS: In a first step, all the documents published by the spanish journal during this period have been revised. Secondly, with a sample of 385 documents that comes from 24 issues selected at random, it has been analysed the indexing of the following fields: title in english (TI), original title (TO), authors (AU), bibliographic citation (SO), year of publication (PY), country of publication (CP) and type of publication (PT). The field institutional address of primary author (AD) will be studied exhaustively. The number of articles indexed coming from the different journals of the Family Practice group, and their evolution during the studied period were analysed, as the countries and languages of publication of these journals. The spanish journal has been compared with the rest of its thematic group in type of publications and type of studies (PT field). MAIN RESULTS: MEDLINE hasn't indexed 158 out of 1865 (8.47%) of the documents published by the journal from 1985 to 1995. This percentage becomes 4.04% when reply letters, that MEDLINE doesn't indexed, are not considered. MEDLINE offers the field AD for the papers published by the Spanish journal from 1990. From this moment on the field AD appears in 95% of the indexed documents. The 30% of the registers without the AD field, don't have institutional address in the original document. The institution or centre that MEDLINE cites firstly in the AD field, coincide with the one of the first author, in 99% of the cases. The number of authors is correct in all cases, even if in 3.37 +/- 1.8% there are typographical mistakes. TO, SO, PY and CP fields are always corrected. Nevertheless MEDLINE modifies in 66.7 +/- 4.7% of the documents the english title (TI field). The presence of the spanish journal in the Family Practice group has continuously increased in global terms from its inclusion in MEDLINE database, even if its relative contribution has stayed the same, around a 14%, in the course of the period analysed. There are differences between the spanish journal and the rest of the journals of its thematic group in type of publications and type of studies. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the 7 first years of the Atención Primaria indexing bring us to affirm that MEDLINE can be used to obtain valid information to describe some bibliometric aspects interesting for the scientific production, mainly coming from primary care spanish professionals, and published in this journal. Translations into english of the titles that appears in the english summary had to be improved. Institutional address had to be always and more clearly provided. The presence of the spanish journal among the journals of its thematic group is important (14%), even if its profile in type of publications and type of studies is significantly different.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of concept based latent semantic indexing for clinical information retrieval.

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) of surgical case report text using ICD-9-CM procedure codes and index terms was evaluated. The precision-recall performance of this two-step matrix retrieval process was compared with the SMART Document retrieval system, surface word matching, and humanly assigned procedure codes. Human coding performed best, two-step LSI did less well than surface matching or SMART. This evaluation suggests that concept-based LSI may be compromised by its two-stage nature and its dependence upon a robust term database linked to main concepts. However, the potential elegance of partial- credit concept matching merits the continued evaluation of LSI for clinical case retrieval.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2002

Reflections on and alternatives to WHO's fairness of financial contribution index.

In its 2000 World Health Report (WHR), the World Health Organization argues that a key dimension of a health system's performance is the fairness of its financing system. This paper provides a critical assessment of the index of fairness of financial contribution (FFC) proposed in the WHR. It shows that the index cannot discriminate between health financing systems that are regressive and those that are progressive, and cannot discriminate between horizontal inequity on the one hand, and progressivity and regressivity on the other. The paper compares the WHO index to an alternative and more illuminating approach developed in the income redistribution literature in the early 1990s and used in the late 1990s to study the fairness of various OECD countries' health financing systems. It ends with an illustrative empirical comparison of the two approaches using data on out-of-pocket payments for health services in Vietnam for two years - 1993 and 1998. This analysis is of some interest in its own right, given the large share of health spending from out-of-pocket payments in Vietnam, and the changes in fees and drug prices over the 1990s.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

An inventory of publications on electronic patient records.

This study describes an analysis of 1832 papers dealing with electronic patient records, and indexed in NLM's MEDLINE. Of each retrieved publication the country of origin and the journal in which it was published was determined. Furthermore, insight into the subjects of the publication was obtained by analysing the MeSH terms by which it was indexed. Since 1990 the number of publications on electronic patient records has increased. Publications originated from 43 different countries representing all continents. However, 75% stemmed from only 4 countries. The publications appeared in 379 different journals, of which 26 journals had 10 or more publications. Of all publications, 5.3% had appeared in journals with an impact factor of at least 4.5. The topics most often dealt with were: Hospital Information Systems, Computer Communication Networks, User-Computer Interface, Confidentiality and Computer Security. No obvious trends, other than an increased interest in confidentiality and computer security, were observed.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1982

A personal reference retrieval system for medium sized computers allowing automatic data entry from ONLINE databases.

A series of programs has been developed for the storage and retrieval of bibliographic references, which allow automatic cross-referencing of the stored entries. Reference retrieval becomes successively faster as more searches are performed and references are automatically sub-grouped under indexed terms allow complete sub-sets to be scanned independently. The indexing allows complete sub-collections of references to be printed, e.g. for a review, with no further searching requirements. This style of retrieval is conceptually similar to card systems in use by many scientists and should enable a rapid familiarization with the retrieval system. The editing features of the programs provide for the direct collection of references from large ONLINE databases (e.g. MEDLINE) and the automatic entering of the references into the personal data collection. The programs provide reliable storage of references for individual scientists, so that their collections from library databases, or from manual input may be updated and searched quickly.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

Measuring outcomes of hospital care using multiple risk-adjusted indexes.

Using existing data sources, we developed three risk-adjusted measures of hospital quality: the risk-adjusted mortality index (RAMI), the risk-adjusted readmissions index (RARI), and the risk-adjusted complication index (RACI). We describe the construction and validation of each of these indexes. After these measures were developed, we tested the relationships among the three indexes using a sample of 300 hospitals. Actual numbers of adverse events were observed for each hospital and compared to the number predicted by the RAMI, RARI, and RACI models. Then each hospital was ranked on each index. Our results showed that no relationship existed between a hospital's ranking on any one of these indexes and its ranking on the other two indexes. This result provides some evidence that no measure of quality should be used by itself to represent different aspects of the quality of hospital care. Adequate overall measures of hospital quality will need to include multiple measures in order to be credible and to reflect the complexity of hospital care. The findings suggest that consumers, payers, and policymakers cannot simply choose one hospitalwide measure, such as the mortality rate, to validly represent a hospital's performance: those hospitals with high rankings on their mortality rates do not necessarily rank high on their readmission rates or complication rates.

Abstracting and Indexing↗