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PubMed1983

Acute surgical abdomen caused by thrombocytopenia in patients with acute leukemia and multiple myeloma.

One patient with multiple myeloma and four patients with acute leukemia presented with severe abdominal pain. Pertinent findings included numerous petechiae in the skin and buccal cavity, and diffuse abdominal guarding and tenderness, suggesting peritoneal involvement. Severe thrombocytopenia was found in all patients. Laparotomy was performed in the patient with multiple myeloma, and revealed numerous petechiae throughout the peritoneum. All five patients responded to platelet transfusions with disappearance of the abdominal signs and symptoms. Severe thrombocytopenia should be considered among the causes of acute surgical abdomen in patients with malignant hematological disorders, and platelet transfusions should be administered before any surgical intervention.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1978

[Acute abdomen in pediatric roentgenology (author's transl)].

In vue of the successes of modern surgery, correct roentgenology in acute abdominal conditions of the infant and child is of utmost importance. History is very incomplete in children so that the most crucial question is when and how should X-ray investigation start? The answer is difficult to provide because of the necessity of early surgery which, in addition can be hindered by an unnecessary roentgenography. Often this cannot be repeated because of worsening in the patient's condition. Knowledge of specific pathology and of congenital malformations is necessary. One must be careful in using contrast medium in acute abdomens as it may worsen the situation. Hypertonic solutions can heavily modifie the fluid and electrolyte balance, especially in dehydrated children. Technical aspects deserve attention, for instance for treatment of invagination, or in congenital megacolon. The authors illustrate these problems with a few cases.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1983

Anatomy of the upper abdomen: computarized tomography.

The possibilities of computed axial tomography in displaying normal anatomy are shown. The fact scanners are able to show important anatomical details including vascular anatomy. The upper abdomen is shown in consecutive slices to demonstrate the most important anatomical landmarks. The possibility of reconstructed coronal and sagittal planes from the axial slices offers good correlation with classical topographical anatomy. Axial anatomy from cadaver and computed tomography should be included in our teaching to medical students as part of the background needed for their future clinical practice.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Morphogenesis of the epidermis of adult abdomen of Drosophila.

Mitotic pattern in the different histoblast nests, and the temporal sequence of fusion and differentiation of these nests and spiracular anlagen resulting in the formation of the different regions of the adult abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster were studied by examining whole mount preparations and histological sections of the epidermis from closely timed developmental stages. The relationship between the boundaries of the primary (larval) and secondary (adult) segments was determined by following the points of insertion of the dorsal internal oblique muscles which persist through metamorphosis. These studies indicate that the descendants of the anterior dorsal histoblast nest form the hairy and bristled region of the tergum, while those of the anterior and posterior groups of the posterior dorsal nest give rise to the intersegmental membrane and acrotergite respectively; the ventral histoblast cells give rise to the sternum and pleural region while the spiracular anlage forms the spiracle. These findings confirm and extend the conclusions derived from genetic analysis or after experimental inductions of defects, on the lineage of the various histoblast nests.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

[Is technical progress in the diagnosis of acute abdomen in daily practice fiction or reality? Analysis of 660 cases].

A clinical study of the cases of acute abdomen in 1970 and in 1980 has been conducted in two surgical departments (Zoug and Olten, Switzerland). In 660 cases the question was investigated whether progress has been made with the introduction of technical aids during the last ten years. In 1980 more specialized methods such as sonography, laparoscopy etc. were employed. Preoperative diagnosis was significantly improved and the agreement between pre- and postoperative diagnosis was markedly ameliorated.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1980

[Problems after surgery of acute abdomen].

Many problems may persist after operation of an acute abdomen. Most important are peritonitis, hemorrhage, vascular occlusion and reduced general condition. Pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and therapeutic principles are discussed.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1980

[0.75% and 0.5% bupivacaine in peridural lumbar block for surgery on the lower abdomen; a double-blind comparison and myographic study].

A double blind study has been carried out on 40 patients subjected to peridural block with 0.50% and 0.75% bupivacaine for operations on the low abdomen. While no significant differences were observed with regard to the latency and duration of anaesthetic action, 0.75% marcaine was more effective as regards the duration and degree of motor block. This result was also confirmed by an electromyographic study of the muscles of the hypothenar eminence.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

[Ultrasonography of the whole abdomen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small intestine in children. Apropos of 9 cases].

The value of ultrasonic tomography exploration of the abdomen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small intestine is illustrated by findings in 9 children. Performed as the initial examination for an abdominal mass (sometimes after a straight radiograph), a positive diagnosis was established by ultrasonography in all cases. Moreover, extensions of the lesion were identified in the liver in two cases, in the two kidneys in four cases, and retroperitoneal adenopathies detected in one case. Ultrasonic findings in the case of intestinal localizations were a hypoechogenic mass with a hyperechogenic zone or a gaseous acoustic shadow in its center. Kidney, liver, and retroperitoneal lesions were seen as hypoechogenic nodules. In one case, there was an increase in echogenicity of both kidneys, these being more echogenic than the liver. This atypical appearance is emphasized as it does not appear to have been reported previously in the published literature. Results of ultrasonic and conventional radiological examinations are compared, and ultrasonic differential diagnosis discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Cell lineage of the Drosophila abdomen: the epidermis, oenocytes and ventral muscles.

We use a new cell marker to study cell lineage of the epidermis, oenocytes and ventral muscles in the Drosophila abdomen. We find that while the epidermal cells and the oenocytes share common precursors until late in development, the muscles derive from a separate lineage. Marked clones in the muscles, but not in the epidermis and oenocytes, can occasionally extend between neighbouring segments, supporting a previous hypothesis that mesoderm cells may not be determined as to segment.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Sporotrichosis of the abdomen.

A nursery worker contracted sporotrichosis of the abdomen after air-layering with sphagnum moss. The infection, resulting in a 4 by 6 cm ulcerated plaque, satellite lesion, and involvement of the epigastric lymphatics, resolved after two months of saturated potassium iodide therapy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Segmental infarction of the omentum: a cause of the semi-acute abdomen.

Segmental infarction of the omentum is an unusual cause of the acute or "semi-acute" abdomen. Because of its rarity, the nonspecificity of its signs and symptoms and the almost total lack of information regarding its natural history, it is very rarely diagnosed correctly prior to laparotomy or autopsy. We report a 51-year old obese woman with chronic hypertension, congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency, who developed recurrent severe abdominal pain. The diagnosis of primary omental disease was entertained because of the triad of persistent localized abdominal pain, lack of grossly disturbed visceral function and the presence of hemoperitoneum. This was confirmed by laparotomy.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1981

[Anatomy of the upper abdomen seen by real-time ultrasound].

Ultrasound has made it possible to identify major blood vessels of the abdomen. The identification of these vascular structures has been facilitated with the use of gray's scale ultrasound but more so with real time ultrasound. The identification of these vascular structures as well as the advantages that they present in identifying abdominal viscera will be discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

[What value does laboratory diagnosis have in acute abdomen?].

1. We found in a prospective study with routine laboratory tests: As a single test only amylase is of certain value, but there are 27% false positive results in peritonitis and intestinal obstruction. 2. Our standardized program can help to evaluate disturbed vital functions and so far improve pre- and postoperative treatment. 3. A high risk is given by simultanously alterated acid-base-balance, blood sugar and creatinine; but these findings are showing shock, not acute abdomen. 4. Laboratory procedures are of no help to the practitioner; they must not delay the early lifesaving operation.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1981

[Exploratory laparotomy of the acute abdomen (author's transl)].

The results of exploratory laparotomy in 48 patients with an acute abdomen are reviewed. Overall mortality was 29 p. cent (14 cases) and was influenced by three main factors: patients over 50 years of age, multiple visceral lesions, and when exploratory laparotomy was conducted for an acute painful febrile abdominal syndrome (10 deaths in 32 cases) or during the postoperative period (4 deaths in 11 cases). In contrast, exploratory laparotomy is a benign procedure in patients with abdominal contusions. It is essential, therefore, to try to establish the diagnosis before proposing laparotomy, which should only be performed when all other diagnostic investigations have proved negative.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1980

[Unusual cause of acute abdomen in childhood. Cystic fibrolymphangioma of the mesentery].

Cystic fibrolymphangioma of the mesentery as an unusual cause of acute abdomen in infancy is described. This form is one of the many mesenteric cysts whose pathogenesis has not yet been established. Preoperative diagnosis of such cysts is very difficult, and there are very few cases in which a close study has been possible in the light of clinical suspicion. Intraoperative diagnosis is the most likely, therefore, though there are cases - such as that reported here - in which surgery is indicated to remedy the occlusion caused by the cyst, and not because a swelling has been noted on clinical examination.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1978

[Behavior of the bi-parietal diameter (BPD) and antero-posterior diameter of the abdomen (APDA) in insufficient intrauterine development of the fetus: preliminary notes].

Considering the PIFG ultrasonic diagnosis limitations bu the only Biparietal Diameter (BPD) estimation, the autors test the possibilities of a new technique: the serial measurement of Antero-Posterior Diameter of Abdomen (APAD) and especially the head/abdomen diameters ratio. The preliminary data are enough confortable allowing us to improve considerably the success in PIFG diagnosis (44,44% to 80%).

Abdomen↗