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PubMed1991

Clinical value of PCR in diagnosis and follow-up of leukaemia and lymphoma: report of the third Workshop of the Molecular Biology/BMT study group.

The proceedings of the third workshop of the molecular biology/bone marrow transplantation (BMT) study group held in January 1991 in Verona, Italy. This workshop was convened to review progress in the application of molecular techniques to the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) as well as other haematologic malignancies. The results of polymerase chainreaction studies in 157 CML patients 1-90 months post BMT suggest that leukaemia is frequently detectable for the first 12 months but rarely detected thereafter except in patients known to have a high risk of relapse. In the acute leukaemias and lymphomas there is a rapidly increasing number of leukaemia-specific as well as clone-specific molecular markers now available for the detection of minimal disease. It may be possible to coordinate multi-center prospective studies to investigate the role of these markers in the diagnosis and follow-up of haematologic malignancies.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV/AIDS workshops in the Kimberley.

This paper reports on workshops held in the Kimberley region of Western Australia to educate all levels of health workers about HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. The 84 staff who attended the workshops identified key issues that needed to be addressed by nurses working with Aboriginal people in remote areas.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A mini-workshop to train medical students to use a patient-centered approach to smoking cessation.

Leaders in preventive medicine and medical education have called for more attention to preventive medicine in medical education curricula. This study describes the implementation of a training program designed to introduce preventive medicine skills into the medical school curriculum. The specific issue addressed was smoking cessation. A two-hour workshop on the patient-centered approach to smoking intervention was presented to medical students during the family medicine rotation of the second-year clinical medicine course sequence. Two of the four student groups in the family medicine clinical rotation received the training and were afforded practice opportunity with at least one smoking patient at the clinical site. The other two groups went through the usual rotation with no special instruction or clinical emphasis on preventive interventions. Second-year medical students expressed positive perceptions of preventive medicine as assessed by self-rating on attributes important to successful preventive practice. These positive perceptions were retained by both groups after the clinical experience. Students with the workshop training were more confident in their smoking intervention skills and performed better overall on an objective clinical evaluation of intervention skills.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Report from the 1988 Trauma Registry Workshop, including recommendations for hospital-based trauma registries.

Trauma registries are being used increasingly as resources for monitoring trauma care. As a result of rapid diffusion, these information systems tend to differ from one another in several important respects, including operational case criteria, data content and definitions, and coding format. Participants in a 2 1/2-day workshop held in January 1988 at the Centers for Disease Control addressed the need for standardizing trauma registries. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers, medical practitioners, and health planners and administrators. The participants formulated responses to specified questions and drafted a set of trauma registry data elements. Results from the meeting provide the basis for the Centers for Disease Control's recommendations described in this article.

Hospital Records↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hair cell damage in the inner ear of the guinea pig due to noise in a workshop.

Guinea pigs were exposed to noise in various workshops at a shipyard. The equivalent sound level ranged from 87 to 90 dB(A) and the exposure time was 30 days of 8 hours. The numbers of lost outer hair cells were greater than in control animals, thus establishing a relation between the number of lost hair cells and the total noise dose. A comparison between the results obtained here and results obtained in laboratory experiments shows that although many physical sound parameters may be identical, the effect on the hair cells can be quite different. In particular, the total noise dose is not a parameter which can be directly related to hair cell loss. The most probable explanation for the difference in damage between the laboratory and workshop animals seems to be the rest periods of 16 hours between each of the 8-hour exposure periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The technique of segmental mastectomy (lumpectomy) and axillary dissection: A syllabus from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project workshops.

Surveys conducted by the American College of Surgeons indicate an increasing trend toward the treatment of primary breast cancer by segmental mastectomy and radiotherapy. This operation has never been formally taught in training programs, and scant standard descriptive material exists. The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project conducted a series of workshops to develop guidelines for the performance of the operation. The essential points are (1) pathologic control of margins to ensure complete surgical excision, (2) surgical principles of complete tumor excision, (3) attention to optimum cosmetic results, and (4) axillary dissection for accurate staging and regional control of the disease. This article summarizes the recommendations made at those workshops.

Axilla↗
PubMed1986

Self-help group behavioural treatment for obesity. An evaluation of Weight Control Workshops.

A study of a self-help weight control programme (Weight Control Workshops) in Sydney followed 168 women and four men from the beginning of the 12-week programme until six months after the end of the programme. The average subject was a 42-year-old woman who was moderately overweight with a starting weight of 74 kg and wished to lose 13 kg. Although 90% of subjects lost weight during the programme, weight losses were modest, with a mean loss of 4.3 kg. Weight loss was not well maintained, with 52% gaining weight in the follow-up period, to give a mean weight gain of 0.4 kg. The Weight Control Workshop programme represents a group treatment for obesity based on standard behaviour therapy, and appears to be as effective as similar programmes that have been reported in the literature.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1980

Experiences in a general practitioner workshop.

The organization and working of a general practitioner workshop are described, with analyses of subjects, participants, and group dynamics. An unusual form of peer group has arisen, with trainees, trainers, and principals all contributing on an equal basis. The workshop group is suggested as a useful method of continuing education for general practitioners, using existing postgraduate facilities, with minimal financial outlay.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Workshop series cuts planning time and costs.

The planning process involves a number of people with divergent needs whose conflicts frequently inhibit quick and sensible solutions. Although there are many approaches to developing a major complex building program, the workshop format proved to be a successful model for organizing and focusing planning efforts. Because participants were presented with graphic materials (plans, diagrams, charts), workshop leaders were able to rapidly define and expand concepts related to hospital design. Information-sharing meetings resulted in flexible solutions that met immediate needs and opened avenues for future growth. By structuring normally sequential tasks into a simultaneous process, hospitals can encourage participation in a building improvement project while reducing planning time and cost.

Group Processes↗
PubMed1994

Summary report of the workshop on data for monitoring tobacco use.

Health Canada convened a workshop in Ottawa in March 1994 in order to consider existing measures of tobacco use in Canada and to develop consensus on a standard set of measures for monitoring tobacco use in the future. The impetus for the workshop was the growing awareness of inconsistencies in definition and approach that have arisen over many years of monitoring, and a concern that future efforts to control tobacco use could be hampered by inadequate data. This report proposes standard definitions of key terms, identifies core topics, briefly discusses major data quality issues and offers a set of survey questions to monitor the elements of tobacco use.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Workshop report: how can immunology (except by tissue typing) improve the results of kidney transplantation.

The aim of the workshop was to discuss the various methods currently available in (cellular) immunology which could be applied to the problems of clinical kidney transplantation. The areas considered in the Workshop were divided into three categories: 1. Methods for immunological diagnosis of rejection, 2. Assays for quantitation of the biological effects of immunosuppressive drugs and 3. Prospects of transplantation tolerance, enhancement and related phenomena in kidney transplantation. As regards to the first topic, several immunological methods (most notably in the fine needle aspiration biopsy and tests for macrophage migration inhibition) were reported to be in use for this purpose. No one of the participants had personal experience of the second topic of the agenda, and the results of Bach and co-workers on the use of the mouse T-rosette inhibition test for this purpose were discussed. Almost half of the allotted time was used to discuss the anti-idiotype antibodies and their potential use for transplantation tolerance in immunologically mature graft recipients. Some results of the human kidney graft enhancement experiments were also discussed in this section.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1994

Immunologic marker paths for seroconversion: single determinations of immunoglobulin A and beta 2-microglobulin are not adequate to estimate time of HIV infection. Multicohort Analysis Project Workshop. Part II.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of single determinations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels in estimating the time from HIV seroconversion. SUBJECTS: Five cohorts were represented in the workshop. The Multicohort Analysis Project (MAP) workshop database comprised 1744 HIV-infected patients with documented HIV seroconversion times, 363 of whom had AIDS. Overall, 1430 patients had two or more pre-AIDS CD4+ cell counts (13056 counts); 896 patients had two or more pre-AIDS IgA measurements (6081 observations); but only 2964 beta 2M measurements were available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Marker paths for loge IgA and loge beta 2M and for square root of CD4+ cell count. Dependence on cofactors (age, sex, mode of HIV transmission) and attention to inter-individual variation in seroconversion level and annual decline in square root of CD4+ cell count. Logistic discrimination was performed using cofactor-adjusted paired loge IgA and loge beta 2M to date HIV infections as recent (within 3 years of seroconversion), intermediate, or distant (> or = 6 years after seroconversion). Transition intensities between immunologically defined states (using IgA or beta 2M) and to clinical AIDS. RESULTS: Linear functional form described the decline in square root of CD4+ cell count, except for the Italian cohort where a steeper annual loss of square root of CD4+ cell count occurred in the first year than thereafter. Square root of CD4+ cell count at seroconversion depended on age and mode of transmission. Annual loss of square root of CD4+ cell count was less severe in those infected by sexual transmission. Non-monotone functional form emerged for loge IgA with an initial decrease in the first year after seroconversion followed by an increase thereafter. Loge IgA levels were higher in older subjects and in those infected by sexual transmission, but lower in women. A quadratic growth curve described the marker path for loge beta 2M, which increased for 5-6 years after seroconversion but declined thereafter. Loge beta 2M values were significantly higher in older patients and injecting drug users, but lower in women. The considerable heterogeneity of marker paths between individuals affected all three markers, but marker values appeared to track within an individual. Discrimination based on paired IgA and beta 2M measurements from single blood samples performed poorly in classifying HIV infections as recent, intermediate or distant. High intensities of backward as well as forward transitions between immunologically defined states explained the poor discrimination based on single sample per individual. CONCLUSIONS: Further study of how serum IgA reflects HIV infection and careful clinical and statistical assessment of reduced beta 2M from 5 or 6 years after HIV infection are needed. The dependence of marker paths on mode of HIV transmission suggests that sexual transmission may have implications for HIV disease progression. The feasibility of using serum IgA and beta 2M, evaluable in single stored blood samples, to estimate time of HIV infection has been set back by our results.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Workshop on updating eye irritation test methods: proposals for regulatory consensus. Washington, DC, 26-27 September 1991.

Multiple procedures for the conduct and evaluation of eye irritation testing are currently used in the USA and worldwide. An international workshop on the eye irritation test in rabbits was held to identify different testing and evaluation practices, develop proposals for change that minimize differences in these methods and determine areas of consensus in the scientific community. These efforts are intended to culminate in the development of a more uniform US position and serve as a point of discussion for international harmonization. The following seven papers delineate the proposals that were presented at the workshop. A summary of the presentations and discussion as well as future directions is also presented.

Animal Rights↗
PubMed1995

Report and abstracts of the 4th International Workshop on Chromosome 9. Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, April 23-25, 1995.

The Fourth International Workshop on Chromosome 9 was a highly successful endeavor in terms of the growth of the map, both genetic and physical, the amount of data entered into GDB, and the continued comradeship in the sharing of data and resources that was exemplified. SIGMA remained a stable and valuable part of the chromosome 9 mapping effort. A new subsection outlining the morbid anatomy of chromosome 9 was included. Finally, specific goals were set for the community to aim for over the upcoming months. These included extending the information about the ease of use of genetic markers, and coordinating across numerous groups the meiotic breakpoint mapping of many microsatellite markers. Workshop files are available by anonymous ftp from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk (128.40.82.1) in the subdirectory/pub/c9workshop/1995, or by using a World Wide Web browser (such as Mosaic or Netscape) via the Chromosome 9 Home Page (at the URL http:@www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/chr9home.html).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Isolation, excessive time demands and sexism face female MDs, CMA workshop told.

Networking plays a critical role in the professional development of female physicians and meetings such as a recent CMA-sponsored workshop help encourage it, physicians attending the workshop were told. Janet Bickel told the female doctors hat one of the key problems they face is overcoming structural inflexibility that does not allow a balance between personal and professional concerns: "Meetings like this one help you realize your own strengths, and get a new perspective on your expertise and values.

Canada↗
PubMed1996

"Aliya as a challenge": an innovative workshop for the sociocultural integration of immigrant students.

Aliya as a Challenge is an educational and research oriented workshop designed to promote the sociocultural integration of new immigrant students from the former Soviet Union. Through the use of didactic materials, simulations and other class exercises an attempt was made to change veteran stereotypes, as well as to promote positive interaction between former Soviet and veteran Israeli students. Measures of change indicated that following workshop participation both groups displayed more positive attitudes and had more social contacts with members of the other group. Suggestions for implementation of this project in the community at large are offered.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1995

Laboratory identification of lupus anticoagulants: results of the Second International Workshop for Identification of Lupus Anticoagulants. On behalf of the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulants/Antiphospholipid Antibodies of the ISTH.

Lupus anticoagulants (LAs) are antibodies that interfere with phospholipid dependent coagulation reactions in vitro. This workshop was designed to provide the participants with an experience in identification of LAs, to evaluate different criteria for mixing studies, to assess the performance of recently introduced confirmatory studies and to assess the performance of two potential surrogate LA control plasmas. The results demonstrate that there continues to be significant variation in the sensitivity and responsiveness of APTT reagents to the presence of LAs, confirming the need for more than one screening assay before the presence of a LA can be ruled out. In this workshop, the best distinction between factor deficiency and inhibitors was obtained using a 1:1 mix of normal plasma with patient plasma and the criterion defining correction as shortening of the APTT to within 5 s of the APTT of pooled normal plasma. A 4:1 mix of patient to normal plasma did not work well in distinguishing factor deficiency from inhibitors. The platelet neutralization procedure, DVV confirm and StaClot LA all gave positive results with the LA samples. False positive platelet neutralization procedures were seen with the samples from patients on oral anticoagulants and a factor V inhibitor. False positive StaClot LA results were obtained with high titer factor VIII inhibitors. Both of the potential surrogate plasmas gave variable results with multiple assays; they can not be recommended for routine use at present.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Putting it all together: summary of the NHLBI Workshop on the Epidemiology of Hypertension in Hispanic American, Native American, and Asian/Pacific Islander American Populations.

THE AUTHORS OF THIS PAPER SUMMARIZED the major themes that emerged from a 2-day workshop entitled Epidemiology of Hypertension in Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian/Pacific Islander Americans, sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in Washington, DC. Data from the papers were synthesized using seven points: similarities, variability within and between groups, lost prevention opportunities, emergence of explanatory variables, differences in types of data collected, missing or inconsistently reported data, and socioeconomic characteristics. Virtually all of the population groups demonstrated rises in blood pressure with age. These rises appear to be largely attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors, for example, high body mass index (BMI). Despite high levels of awareness, the levels of control of high blood pressure were poor in each population studied. Based on the themes that emerged from the data, we presented several recommendations to the workshop. One was that data be collected on these population groups repeatedly and in a standardized fashion. Another called for increased efforts aimed at control of high blood pressure in these groups. A third recommended major nationwide programmatic efforts aimed at the prevention and control of high blood pressure.

Adult↗