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PubMed1997

Detection of canine parvovirus in wolves from Italy.

One hundred fifteen samples of wolf (Canis lupus) feces were collected during 1994 to 1995 from four free-living populations of the north central Apennines Mountains, Italy. The samples were tested for canine parvovirus by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination, and virus isolation. Four of these samples were positive by virus isolation as confirmed by electron microscopy. All positive samples were from Casentino Park in Tuscany. This is the first definitive observation of canine parvovirus in wolves from Europe.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Canine parvovirus enteritis, canine distemper, and major histocompatibility complex genetic variation in Mexican wolves.

The endangered Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was recently reintroduced into Arizona and New Mexico (USA). In 1999 and 2000, pups from three litters that were part of the reintroduction program died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. Overall, half (seven of 14) of the pups died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. The parents and their litters were analyzed for variation at the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene DRB1. Similar MHC genes are related to disease resistance in other species. All six of the surviving pups genotyped for the MHC gene were heterozygous while five of the pups that died were heterozygous and one was homozygous. Resistance to pathogens is an important aspect of the management and long-term survival of endangered taxa, such as the Mexican wolf.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Parvovirus B19 infection--an insidious chameleon].

Parvovirus B19 is a common source of infection with a seroprevalence of 60-70 per cent in the adult population. The most common manifestation is erythema infectiosum ('fifth disease'), with exanthem, fever and upper airway symptoms in children. The infection can give rise to a multifacetted clinical picture and is probably underdiagnosed, particularly in risk groups (individuals with haemolytic anaemia or immunosuppression, and fetuses). Serological diagnosis can now be complemented with the demonstration of viral DNA using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test in various body fluids, or tissue biopsy. Recent years have witnessed manifest increase in clinical knowledge of parvovirus B19-associated complications, and their diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Immunoglobulin M and G immunoblots in the diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To identify parvovirus B19 infection by means of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM immunoblots among immunocompetent patients who tested negative or had low-titer B19 IgM antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 20 patients with parvovirus B19 infection. Another 130 study subjects presumed to be without B19 infection (40 medical personnel and 90 prisoners) were also included. All sera from the patient and study groups tested positive for IgG or IgM with ELISA and were further evaluated using the immunoblot method. Detection of B19 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed on IgG and IgM positive sera. RESULTS: IgM immunoblots disclosed one false positive IgM ELISA result in the patient group and three false positive results in the study group. In the patient group, four patients were in the latter stage of antibody response to B19 infection as suggested by the low titer of anti-B19 IgM, incomplete IgM immunoblots, with only a weak viral capsid protein VP-N reaction band, and fading but still strong reaction bands on IgG immunoblots. Strong reaction bands on IgG immunoblots comparable to these four patients were found in three of the 130 study group sera. Furthermore, B19 DNA was detected in three of the four patients and one of the three study subjects by means of nested-PCR. A serum sample from one study subject showed strong IgG but no IgM reactivity to viral capsid protein VP2; nested PCR identified B19 DNA in this serum sample. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoblots and nested PCR should be applied in the diagnosis of B19 infection for patients with low-titer anti-B19 IgM tested by means of ELISA. For diagnosis of B19 infections in certain clinical entities such as chronic arthritis of recent onset and hydrops fetalis, B19 IgM antibodies may have disappeared but B19 infection can still be recognized by the intensity of the reaction bands on IgG immunoblots. The correlation between chronic B19 infection and persistence of antilinear VP2 epitopes requires further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Thrombocytopenia caused by Parvovirus B19 infection in a child with acute lymphatic leukemia].

A three-year-old boy was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two years later, while on maintenance chemotherapy, the patient was readmitted due to thrombocytopenia. The thrombocytopenia was caused by parvovirus B19 infection as evidenced by the finding of specific DNA in serum and bone marrow samples. Previous reports have highlighted the role of parvovirus B19 as a haematological pitfall and the present case shows that this virus has the potential to mimic a leukemic relapse.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

[Parvovirus B19 infection--an incidious chameleon].

Parvovirus B19 is a common source of infection with a seroprevalence of 60-70 per cent in the adult population. The most common manifestation is erythema infectiosum ("fifth disease"), with exanthem, fever and upper airway symptoms in children. The infection can give rise to a multifaceted clinical picture and is probably underdiagnosed, particularly in risk groups (individuals with haemolytic anaemia or immunosuppression, and fetuses). Serological diagnosis can now be complemented with the demonstration of viral DNA using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test in various body fluids, or tissue biopsy. Recent years have witnessed manifest increase in clinical knowledge of parvovirus B19-associated complications, and their diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human Parvovirus and giant cell arteritis: a selective arteritic impact?

Peak incidences of giant cell arteritis (GCA) following human Parvovirus epidemics were found in 2 previous epidemiological studies. The incidence of GCA [temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica (TA + PMR)] was studied before and after a major epidemic of human Parvovirus in 1994. Clinical data from the National Patient Register showed a significant inversion of the TA/PMR ratio during a 12-month period after an HPV epidemic. The inversion of this ratio was due to an increase in TA. The change in the ratio was most pronounced in the regions with the epicenter of the epidemic.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1999

[Many faces of parvovirus].

2 women, aged 31 and 37 years, respectively, suffered from acute febrile illness due to acute infection with human parvovirus B19. 1 also had a maculopapular rash and articular symptoms after her fever stopped, a clinical picture typical of erythema infections. The other had leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and had received dipyrone. Although acute infection with human parvovirus usually occurs in childhood, it may also occur in adults, with protean manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Severe transient neutropenia due to parvovirus B19].

A 10-year-old girl was admitted with a 3-day history of fever, cough, abdominal pain and vomiting. Severe neutropenia (total neutrophil count 186/mm3), a mild increase in ALT and AST, and a positive titer of IgM antibodies against parvovirus B19 were found. The neutropenia resolved and liver enzymes became normal as she recovered. We conclude that parvovirus B19 infection should be considered in the evaluation of an acute illness accompanied by severe neutropenia.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2000

[Parvovirus B19 infection in hydrops fetalis].

In a retrospective study from 210 foetal autopsies carried out in a period between 1992 and 1999 fifteen hydropic foetuses were found. The cause of the hydrops was shown to be Rh incompatibility in one case only. The cause of hydrops was not discernible in one case. In the others pathological examination clarified the cause and pathomechanism of non-immune hydrops. One isolated cystic hygroma, one monochorionic twin pregnancy with twin to twin transfusion, one case of sacrococcygeal teratoma and 4 cases of congenital heart diseases were reported. Postmortem interphase cytogenetic examination showed X0 monosomy in 2 cases. In further 4 foetuses pathognomic viral inclusions in the proerythroblasts raised the probability of parvovirus B19 infection what was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopic examination. The occurrence of the parvovirus B19 associated cases of foetal hydrops was shown to be higher (4/15) in this series than in the literature. The accumulation of cases in 1998 is suggestive of an outbreak. The prenatal diagnostic implications and the attempts on further management are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Parvovirus arthropathy outbreak in southwestern United States.

OBJECTIVE: We describe an outbreak of parvovirus (PV) arthropathy that was detected in a rheumatology clinic in San Antonio, Texas, during the winter of 1994. Parvovirus B19 causes acute symmetric polyarthritis (ASPA) in adults. In the US, the majority of cases described are from the northern US. METHODS: An outbreak of PV arthropathy was monitored in a San Antonio area rheumatology clinic. RESULTS: Of the 16 affected patients, 69% were female, ages ranging from 23 to 60 years; 75% had close contact with children, 58% of whom were exposed to children with clinical PV. All patients noted an acute arthritis except for 2 patients with polyarthralgias. The most common presentation was ASPA (9/16), with 10/16 complaining of viral prodrome, and 5/16 having a nonspecific rash, but none with the typical "slapped cheek" appearance. Eleven patients had an ASPA at some time in their illness. Of these, 3 had a true migratory arthritis that developed into an ASPA and another 2 were additive. Two additional patients had persistent asymmetric polyarthritis. The most common joints involved were the metacarpophalangeals, proximal interphalangeals, wrists, and knees. Most patients' syndromes lasted < 6 weeks, but 3 patients had symptoms that lasted longer than 6 months. Eight of 10 had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Rheumatoid factor was detected in 3 patients and antinuclear antibody in 2. All patients were treated symptomatically with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and a few also received low dose corticosteroids. Because of suspicious clinical presentations, 2 patients were presumed to have gonococcal arthritis before PV titers were available. CONCLUSION: This is the first large series on adults with PV arthropathy reported in the southern US. In contrast to the usual features of ASPA, the outbreak appears unique in that almost 40% of cases presented with a true migratory arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Parvovirus B19 antibodies in the blood in 17-34-year-old women].

In order to assess the proportion of women in fertile age who lack antibodies against parvovirus B19 the authors assessed in 2 groups of sera (63 and 40 sera) taken from 17-34-year-old women antibodies against this virus by the ELISA method (Seiken). Virus-specific antibodies, class IgG were detected only in 67% of the examined subjects which indicates that in one third of the women there is a risk of transplacental infection of the foetus in case of infection with the parvovirus B19 during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of antibodies to parvovirus B 19 in Thailand.

Infection with human parvovirus B 19, a single-stranded non-enveloped DNA virus of worldwide distribution, is rather common and displays a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of varying severity, depending on the patient's immune response. As the target of infection are the erythroid precursor cells, patients can experience an aplastic crisis. Usually, at least in immunocompetent individuals, viremia ceases with the appearance of virus-specific antibodies in the patient's serum whereupon the patients retain lifelong immunity to reinfection. Since data as to the prevalence of this agent has not been established for Thailand, the purpose of the present study was to investigate its frequency among 3 distinct groups, comprising 30 healthy children. 64 children with acute unrelated illness, and 35 voluntary blood donors, respectively, by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Our results have shown that, as reported for other countries, anti-parvovirus IgG increases in an age-dependent manner and is established at an overall prevalence of 20.16%, inviting the conclusion that the local population is infected by this agent as frequently as those of other countries in the Far East. Further studies need to be undertaken in order to elucidate its prevalence among members of high-risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Establishment of in situ hybridization technique for detection of parvovirus B19 and its clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: To establish in situ hybridization (ISH) technique to detect parvovirus B19 and to know the viral location in cardiac tissue of congenital heart diseases (CHD). METHODS: ISH method was established with randomly primed, degoxigenin labeled B19 DNA probe of 1112 bp long corresponding to parvovirus B19 capsid protein VP1 genome. RESULTS: Dot blot hybridization showed that B19 DNA was positive with the sensitivity of 0.1 pg/microl, while CMV, HSV, TOX DNA were all negative. 7 out of 66 CHD cardiac tissues were B19 DNA positive by using ISH, while in 38 cases of control group were all negative. B19 DNA positive signal was found in the nucleus of cardiac cell. CONCLUSIONS: We have established ISH to detect B19 DNA that has high sensitivity (0. 1 pg/microl) and specificity and have found that B19 DNA is located the nucleus of cardiac cell.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Antibodies to beta 2-glycoprotein I and cardiolipin with symptoms suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus in parvovirus B19 infection.

Parvovirus B 19 infection may mimic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in its clinical presentation. Serological abnormalities during acute infection have been reported, including positive antinuclear antibodies and anti-doublestranded DNA antibodies. We describe a patient who, in addition to the clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of SLE, was found to have antibodies to cardiolipin and beta2 glycoprotein I. The symptoms resolved and the antibodies disappeared over a 9 month period. This report highlights the striking similarity between SLE and parvovirus B19 infection and the potential difficulty in distinguishing between the diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The relationship between maternal infection with human parvovirus B19 and fetal death and congenital malformation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between matanal infection with human parvovirus B19 and fetal death and congenital malformation. METHOD: B19-DNA was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in blood samples from 335 pregnant women. The pregnant outcomes were followed. RESULTS: In 335 pregnant women, 67 cases were B19-DNA positive and 268 cases were B19-DNA regative. There were four fetal deaths and one anencephalus in B19-DNA positive group. There was no fetal deaths or congenital malformation in B19-DNA negative group. The difference is significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal infection with human parvovirus B19 may contribute to fetal death and congenital malformation.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of IgG antibodies to human parvovirus B19 in haemophilia children treated with recombinant factor (F)VIII only or with at least one plasma-derived FVIII or FIX concentrate: results from the French haemophilia cohort.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been transmitted by some brands of virally attenuated plasma-derived factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX) concentrates. To quantify the differences of human parvovirus B19 risk transmission between albumin-stabilized recombinant factor and plasma-derived factor, we studied the prevalence of IgG antibodies to B19 (anti-B19) in 193 haemophiliac children between 1 and 6-years of age who had previously been treated with albumin-stabilized recombinant FVIII only (n = 104), and in children previously treated with solvent/detergent high-purity non-immunopurified and non-nanofiltered FVIII or IX concentrates (n = 89). Association between the prevalence of anti-B19 and the treatment group was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Age, severity and type of haemophilia, number of cumulative days of exposure to factor VIII or IX, previous history of red blood cells or plasma transfusion were considered as potential confounding variables. A higher prevalence of anti-B19 was found in children previously treated with solvent/detergent high-purity non-immunopurified and non-nanofiltered FVIII or IX concentrates than in children treated with albumin- stabilized recombinant FVIII only (OR: 22.3; CI: 7.9-62.8), independently of the other factors studied.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2002

Human parvovirus B19 infection in children: uncommon clinical presentations.

BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus B19 is responsible for a variety of clinical syndromes, such as erythema infectiosum, non-immune hydrops fetalis, transient aplastic anemia, and arthropathies. HPV is also suspected of playing a role in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Kawasaki disease and multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the age distribution and clinical presentation of patients hospitalized for human parvovirus B19 infection. METHOD: We reviewed the case records of all pediatric patients with serologic evidence of HPV infection who were admitted during a 20 month period to a major community hospital. RESULTS: Of 128 children tested for HPV, 48 had evidence of acute infection based on the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies; 8 patients who also had positive IgM for other viruses were excluded, thus 40 case records were studied. The mean age of the patients was 5.21 years, but 22 patients were under 4. The clinical presentations included 25 patients with fever, either recurrent or prolonged, accompanied in some by enlarged spleen, liver and lymph nodes, skin rash and arthropathy; the remaining patients were investigated for anemia, skin rash, joint complaints and hepatitis. In addition, HPV infection was documented in several well-defined clinical conditions, such as SLE, vasculitic skin lesions, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pure red cell aplasia, and optic neuritis. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of 40 pediatric patients exhibiting anti-HPV IgM antibodies, a younger age and less common clinical presentations were observed, furthermore 5 patients had clinical syndromes in which the causative role of HPV infection was not clear.

Acute Disease↗