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PubMed1999

Fluoride inhibition of bovine spleen purple acid phosphatase: characterization of a ternary enzyme-phosphate-fluoride complex as a model for the active enzyme-substrate-hydroxide complex.

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) employ a dinuclear Fe(3+)Fe(2+) or Fe(3+)Zn(2+) center to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters. The interaction of fluoride with bovine spleen purple acid phosphatase (BSPAP) has been studied using a combination of steady-state kinetics and spectroscopic methods. For FeZn-BSPAP, the nature of the inhibition changes from noncompetitive at pH 6.5 (K(i(comp)) approximately K(i(uncomp)) approximately 2 mM) to uncompetitive at pH 5.0 (K(i(uncomp)) = 0.2 mM). The inhibition constant for AlZn-BSPAP at pH 5.0 (K(i) = 3 microM) is approximately 50-70-fold lower than that observed for both FeZn-BSAP and GaZn-BSPAP, suggesting that fluoride binds to the trivalent metal. Fluoride binding to the enzyme-substrate complex was found to be remarkably slow; hence, the kinetics of fluoride binding were studied in some detail for FeZn-, AlZn-, and FeFe-BSPAP at pH 5.0 and for FeZn-BSPAP at pH 6.5. Since the enzyme kinetics studies indicated the formation of a ternary enzyme-substrate-fluoride complex, the binding of fluoride to FeZn-BSPAP was studied using optical and EPR spectroscopies, both in the presence and absence of phosphate. The characteristic optical and EPR spectra of FeZn-BSPAP. F and FeZn-BSPAP.PO(4).F are similar at pH 5.0 and pH 6.5, indicating the formation of similar fluoride complexes at both pHs. A structural model for the ternary enzyme-(substrate/phosphate)-fluoride complexes is proposed that can explain the results from both the spectroscopic and the enzyme kinetics experiments. In this model, fluoride binds to the trivalent metal replacing the water/hydroxide ligand that is essential for the hydrolysis reaction to take place, while phosphate or the phosphate ester coordinates to the divalent metal ion.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

A mechanistic study of the reaction between a diiron(II) complex [FeII(2)(mu-OH)2(6-Me3-TPA)2](2+) and O2 to form a diiron(III) peroxo complex.

A kinetic study of the reaction between a diiron(II) complex [Fe(II)(2)(mu-OH)(2)(6-Me(3)-TPA)(2)](2+) 1, where 6-Me(3)-TPA = tris(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine, and dioxygen is presented. A diiron(III) peroxo complex [Fe(III)(2)(mu-O)(mu-O(2))(6-Me(3)-TPA)(2)](2+) 2 forms quantitatively in dichloromethane at temperatures from -80 to -40 degrees C. The reaction is first order in [Fe(II)(2)] and [O(2)], with the activation parameters DeltaH(double dagger) = 17 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = -175 +/- 20 J mol(-1) K(-1). The reaction rate is not significantly influenced by the addition of H(2)O or D(2)O. The reaction proceeds faster in more polar solvents (acetone and acetonitrile), but the yield of 2 is not quantitative in these solvents. Complex 1 reacts with NO at a rate about 10(3) faster than with O(2). The mechanistic analysis suggests an associative rate-limiting step for the oxygenation of 1, similar to that for stearoyl-ACP Delta(9)-desaturase, but distinct from the probable dissociative pathway of methane monoxygenase. An eta(1)-superoxo Fe(II)Fe(III) species is a likely steady-state intermediate during the oxygenation of complex 1.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Structure-spectroscopy correlation in distorted five-coordinate Cu(II) complexes: a case study with a set of closely related copper complexes of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide ligands.

Eight Cu(II) complexes with the [Cu(dmppy)] moiety (dmppyH(2) = tridentate ligand N,N'-dimethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide; H's are dissociable amide protons) and ligands like pyridine, water, N-methylimidazole, substituted and unsubstituted o-phenanthroline, and bipyridine have been isolated and structurally characterized. The basal angles of these structurally related five-coordinate Cu(II) complexes (and two previously reported ones) correlate well with the EPR hyperfine splitting parameter A( parallel). However, the values of the parameter tau which provides a measure of the degree of square pyramid versus trigonal bipyramid geometry adopted by these complexes do not correlate linearly with the A( parallel) values. It is evident that out-of-plane distortions and ligand strain make calculation of tau inconsistent in certain sets of five-coordinate Cu(II) complexes. Structure-spectroscopy correlation involving tau is not feasible in such cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Mixed chloride/phosphine complexes of the dirhenium core. 10. Redox reactions of an edge-sharing dirhenium(III) non-metal-metal-bonded complex, Re(2)(mu-Cl)(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4).

Reduction and oxidation reactions of the dirhenium(III) non-metal-metal-bonded edge-sharing complex, Re(2)(mu-Cl)(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4) (1), have been studied. Several new mono- and dinuclear rhenium compounds have been isolated and structurally characterized in the course of this study. Reductions of 1 with 1 and 2 equiv of KC(8) result in an unusual face-sharing complex having an Re(2)(5+) core, Re(2)(mu-Cl)(3)Cl(2)(PMe(3))(4) (2), and a triply bonded Re(II) compound, 1,2,7,8-Re(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4) (3), respectively. Two-electron reduction of 1 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride affords a new triply bonded complex of the Re(2)(4+) core, [Bu(n)()(4)N][1,2,7-Re(2)Cl(5)(PMe(3))(3)] (4). Oxidation of 1 with NOBF(4) yields a Re(IV) mononuclear compound, trans-ReCl(4)(PMe(3))(2) (5). Two isomers of the monomeric Re(III) anion, [ReCl(4)(PMe(3))(2)](-) (6, 7), have been isolated as side products. The crystal structures of compounds 2 and 4-7 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The Re-Re distance in the face-sharing complex 2 of 2.686(1) A is relatively short. The metal-metal bond length in anion 4 of 2.2354(7) A is consistent with the usual values for the triply bonded Re(2)(4+) core compounds. In addition, a cis arrangement of trimethylphosphine ligands in the starting material 1 is retained upon reduction in the dinuclear products 2-4.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Reactions of acetonitrile coordinated to a nitrosylruthenium complex with H2O or CH(3)OH under mild conditions: structural characterization of imido-type complexes.

The reaction of cis-[Ru(NO)(CH(3)CN)(bpy)(2)](3+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in H(2)O at room temperature proceeded to afford two new nitrosylruthenium complexes. These complexes have been identified as nitrosylruthenium complexes containing the N-bound methylcarboxyimidato ligand, cis-[Ru(NO)(NH=C(O)CH(3))(bpy)(2)](2+), and methylcarboxyimido acid ligand, cis-[Ru(NO)(NH=C(OH)CH(3))(bpy)(2)](3+), formed by an electrophilic reaction at the nitrile carbon of the acetonitrile coordinated to the ruthenium ion. The X-ray structure analysis on a single crystal obtained from CH(3)CN-H(2)O solution of cis-[Ru(NO)(NH=C(O)CH(3))(bpy)(2)](PF(6))(3) has been performed: C(22)H(20.5)N(6)O(2)P(2.5)F(15)Ru, orthorhombic, Pccn, a = 15.966(1) A, b = 31.839(1) A, c = 11.707(1) A, V = 5950.8(4) A(3), and Z = 8. The structural results revealed that the single crystal consisted of 1:1 mixture of cis-[Ru(NO)(NH=C(O)CH(3))(bpy)(2)](2+) and cis-[Ru(NO)(NH=C(OH)CH(3))(bpy)(2)](3+) and the structural formula of this single crystal was thus [Ru(NO)(NH=C(OH(0.5))CH(3))(bpy)(2)](PF(6))(2.5). The reaction of cis-[Ru(NO)(CH(3)CN)(bpy)(2)](3+) in dry CH(3)OH-CH(3)CN at room temperature afforded a nitrosylruthenium complex containing the methyl methylcarboxyimidate ligand, cis-[Ru(NO)(NH=C(OCH(3))CH(3))(bpy)(2)](3+). The structure has been determined by X-ray structure analysis: C(25)H(29)N(8)O(18)Cl(3)Ru, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 13.129(1) A, b = 17.053(1) A, c = 15.711(1) A, beta = 90.876(5) degrees, V = 3517.3(4) A(3), and Z = 4.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Complexation of the triply-bonded dirhenium(II) complex Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2) (dppm = Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2)) by up to three acetylene molecules.

The triply bonded dirhenium(II) synthons Re(2)X(4)(mu-dppm)(2) (X = Cl, Br; dppm = Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2)) react with acetylene at room temperature in CH(2)Cl(2) and acetone to afford the bis(acetylene) complexes Re(2)X(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(mu:eta(2),eta(2)-HCCH)(eta(2)-HCCH) (X = Cl (3), Br(4)). Compound 3 has been derivatized by reaction with RNC ligands in the presence of TlPF(6) to give unsymmetrical complexes of the type [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppm)(2)(mu:eta(2),eta(2)-HCCH)(eta(2)-HCCH)(CNR)]PF(6) (R = Xyl (5), Mes (6), t-Bu (7)), in which the RCN ligand has displaced the chloride ligand cis to the eta(2)-HCCH ligand. The reaction of 3 with an additional 1 equiv of acetylene in the presence of TlPF(6) gives the symmetrical all-cis isomer of [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppm)(2)(mu:eta(2),eta(2)-HCCH)(eta(2)-HCCH)(2)]PF(6) (8). The two terminal eta(2)-HCCH ligands in 8 are very labile and can be displaced by CO and XylNC to give the complexes [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppm)(2)(mu:eta(2),eta(2)-HCCH)(L)(2)]Y (L = CO when Y = PF(6) (9); L = CO when Y = (PF(6))(0.5)/(H(2)PO(4))(0.5) (10); L = XylNC when Y = PF(6) (11)). These substitution reactions proceed with retention of the all-cis stereochemistry. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations have been carried out on complexes 3, 5, 8, 10, and 11. In no instance have we found that the acetylene ligands undergo reductive coupling reactions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Luminescent lanthanide complexes with stereocontrolled tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligands: chirality effects on lanthanide complexation and luminescence properties.

A series of tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amines including one and two asymmetric centers were synthesized in a stereo-controlled fashion as potential ligands of lanthanide cations. The reaction of chiral pyridylethyl methanesulfonates and bis(pyridylmethyl)amines occurred via an S(N)2 mechanism with complete inversion of asymmetric centers and gave the stereocontrolled tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amines, the stereochemical purity of which was ascertained by GPC, NMR, X-ray, and polarimetry experiments. They formed stable Tb(3+) and Eu(3+) complexes having 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 stoichiometry (metal:ligand) in CH(3)CN solutions. NMR and UV titration experiments revealed that their complexation behaviors were rarely influenced by ligand chirality but significantly affected by the nature of the counteranion and the concentration ratio of metal to ligand. The Tb(3+) and Eu(3+) complexes with these tripodal ligands exhibited characteristic luminescence spectra upon excitation for pyridine chromophores (260 nm), the intensities of which were largely dependent on the ligand chirality. The meso isomer of the disubstituted tripods particularly exhibited the enhanced terbium luminescence ca. three times more than its diastereomer and un- and monosubstituted tripods. Direct excitation at the lanthanide center had similar chirality effects on the luminescence profiles, indicating that the stereochemistry of the employed ligand largely influenced the lanthanide emitting processes. Since the ligand chirality finely modified the local coordination environments around the lanthanide center, the use of stereocontrolled ligands is applicable in design of the luminescent lanthanide complexes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Direct observation of fine structure transitions in a paramagnetic nickel(II) complex using far-infrared magnetic spectroscopy: a new method for studying high-spin transition metal complexes.

Novel far-infrared (FIR) absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with multiple, fixed external magnetic fields (FIR magnetic spectroscopy, FIRMS) has been used to investigate pseudotetrahedral complexes with the formula M(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) (M = Ni, Zn; Ph = C(6)H(5)). Crystal structures have been reported for the Ni complex; we report the structure of the Zn complex. Transmission spectra at 5 K of Ni(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) (S = 1) at zero magnetic field exhibit absorption bands at 11.41, 15.28, and 23.0 cm(-1). The two lower frequency bands show great sensitivity to external magnetic field, and their field dependence is as expected for electron spin transitions allowing precise determination of the following parameters: |D| = 13.35(1) cm(-1), |E| = 1.93(1) cm(-1), g(x,y) = 2.20(1), g(z) = 2.00(1). Corresponding spectra of Zn(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) (S = 0) exhibit bands only at >20 cm(-1), which show no field dependence. FIRMS is a promising technique for direct investigation of the electronic structure of high-spin transition metal complexes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Effects of steric constraint on chromium(III) complexes of tetraazamacrocycles. Chemistry and excited-state behavior of 1,4-C2-cyclam complexes.

The synthesis and characterization of several Cr(III) complexes of the constrained macrocyclic ligand 1,4-C(2)-cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadecane is reported. The ligand appears to form only trans complexes, and the structure of trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)Cl(2)]PF(6) is presented. The constraint imposed by the additional C(2) linkage distorts the bond angles significantly away from the ideal values of 90 and 180 degrees. The effect of the distortion is to enhance the aquation rate of trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)Cl(2)](+) (k(obs) for trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)(H(2)O)(2)](3+) formation = 6.5 x 10(-)(2) s(-)(1), 0.01M HNO(3), 25 degrees C) by over 5 orders of magnitude relative to trans-[Cr(cyclam)Cl(2)](+). The complexes trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)Cl(2)](+) and trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)(CN)(2)](+) are found to have extinction coefficients four to five times higher than their cyclam analogues, owed to the lack of centrosymmetry caused by the steric constraint. The trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)(CN)(2)](+) complex is a very weak emitter in aqueous solution with a broad room-temperature emission centered at 735 nm (tau = 0.24 micros). Extended photolysis (350 nm, 15 h) of trans-[Cr(1,4-C(2)-cyclam)(CN)(2)](+) in aqueous solution results in CN(-) ligand loss. This is in stark contrast to its unconstrained cyclam analogue, which is photoinert and has a room-temperature emission lifetime of 335 micros.

Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic↗
PubMed2003

Kinetic resolution of rac-phenylalanine by stereoselective complexation to a chiral cobalt complex through pi-pi stacking interaction.

A cobalt(III) complex with chiral ligand, H2cpel (N-carboxymethyl-N-pyridylethyl-l-leucine), was prepared for chiral recognition of amino acids. Through the competitive coordination of racemic phenylalanine to the chiral cobalt complex, [Co(cpel)(CO(3))](-) (1), enantioselective recognition was achieved on the ternary complex, which was determined on the basis of HPLC analysis with a chiral column. The formation rate for the [Co(cpel)(l-phe)] complex (2) was 6-times superior to that of [Co(cpel)(d-phe)] (3). The preferential formation of 2 might be illustrated by the interligand pi-pi stacking interaction. Crystal structural analysis for 2 and 3 revealed that aromatic rings, pyridine ring of CPEL and phenylalanine sidechain, in 2 were very close each other but those in 3 were far apart. Such interligand aromatic interaction in 2 was also examined by the use of (1)H NMR spectra.

Cobalt↗
PubMed2003

The first coordination complexes of selenones: a structural comparison with complexes of sulfones.

Reactivity of the two classes of very weak donors R(2)XO(2) (X = S, R = Me (1) and Ph (2); X = Se, R = Me (3) and Ph (4)) have been studied. Coordination properties of sulfones and selenones in solution and in the gas phase have been compared for the first time using a model bidentate metal complex, [Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)]. Two coordination modes, bridging mu(2)-O,O' and terminal eta(1)-O, have been detected. These types of binding were realized in two series of sulfone and selenone metal complexes, polymeric mono-adducts [Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4).(R(2)XO(2))]( infinity ) (X = S, R = Me (1a); R = Ph (2a); X = Se, R = Ph (4a)) and discrete bis-adducts [Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4).(R(2)XO(2))(2)] (X = S, R = Ph (2b); X = Se, R = Me (3b)). The compositions and structures of new compounds have been confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy, chemical analyses, and X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 3b and 4a are the first crystallographically characterized metal complexes having selenone ligands coordinated to the metal centers. Preparation and X-ray study of analogous metal complexes of sulfone and selenone ligands allow, for the first time, tracking the structural changes induced by metal coordination. In addition, the X-ray structure of dimethyl selenone, Me(2)SeO(2) (3), an analogue of Me(2)SO(2), has been determined. Geometries of coordinated sulfone and selenones ligands have been compared with those of the corresponding "free" molecules.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis and photophysics of one mononuclear Mn(III) and one dinuclear Mn(III,III) complex covalently linked to a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) complex.

The preparation of donor (D)-photosensitizer (S) arrays, consisting of a manganese complex as D and a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex as S has been pursued. Two new ruthenium complexes containing coordinating sites for one (2a) and two manganese ions (3a) were prepared in order to provide models for the donor side of photosystem II in green plants. The manganese coordinating site consists of bridging and terminal phenolate as well as terminal pyridyl ligands. The corresponding ruthenium-manganese complexes, a manganese monomer 2b and dimer 3b, were obtained. For the dimer 3b, our data suggest that intramolecular electron transfer from manganese to photogenerated ruthenium(III) is fast, k(ET) > 5 x 10(7) s(-)(1).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Ligand effect on reversible conversion between copper(I) and bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complex with a sterically hindered tetradentate tripodal ligand and monooxygenase activity of bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complex.

A new sterically hindered tetradentate tripodal ligand (Me2-etpy) and its labeled analogue having deuterated methylene groups (d4-Me2-etpy) were synthesized, where Me2-etpy is bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)(2-pyridylethyl)amine. Copper(I) complexes [Cu(Me2-etpy or d4-Me2-etpy)]+ (1 and 1-d4, respectively) reacted with dioxygen at -80 degrees C in acetone to give bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complexes [Cu2(O)2(Me2-etpy or d4-Me2-etpy)2](2+) (1-oxo and 1-d4-oxo, respectively), the latter of which was crystallographically characterized. Unlike a bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complex with a closely related Me2-tpa ligand having a 2-pyridylmethyl pendant, 1-oxo possessing a 2-pyridylethyl pendant is not fully formed even under 1 atm of O2 at -80 degrees C and is very reactive toward the oxidation of the supporting ligand. Thermal decomposition of 1-oxo gave an N-dealkylated ligand in yield approximately 80% based on a dimer and a corresponding aldehyde. The deuterated ligand d4-Me2-etpy greatly stabilizes the bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) complex 1-d4-oxo, indicating that the rate determining step of the N-dealkylation is the C-H bond cleavage from the methylene group. The reversible conversion between 1-d4 and 1-d4-oxo in acetone is dependent on the temperature, and the thermodynamic parameters (DeltaH and DeltaS) of the equilibrium were determined to be -53 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) and -187 +/- 10 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. The effect of the 2-pyridylethyl pendant in comparison with the 2-pyridylmethyl and 6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl pendants on the physicochemical properties of the copper(I) and bis(mu-oxo)dicopper(III) species is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

1H NMR studies of nickel(II) complexes bound to oligonucleotides: a novel technique for distinguishing the binding locations of metal complexes in DNA.

The selective paramagnetic relaxation of oligonucleotide proton resonances of d(GTCGAC)(2) and d(GTGCAC)(2) by Ni(phen)(2)(L)(2+) where L = dipyridophenazine (dppz), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq), and phenanthrenequinone (phi) has been examined to obtain structural insight into the noncovalent binding of these metal complexes to DNA. In the oligonucleotide d(GTCGAC)(2), preferential broadening of the G1H8, G4H8, T2H6, and C3H6 proton resonances was observed with Ni(phen)(2)(dppz)(2+), Ni(phen)(2)(dpq)(2+), and Ni(phen)(2)(phi)(2+). In the case of the sequence d(GTGCAC)(2), where the central two bases are juxtaposed from the previous one, preferential broadening was observed instead for the A5H2 proton resonance. Thus, a subtle change in the sequence of the oligonucleotide can cause significant change in the binding location of the metal complex in the oligonucleotide. Owing to comparable changes for all metal complexes and sequences in broadening of the thymine methyl proton resonances, we attribute the switch in preferential broadening to a change in site location within the oligomer rather than to an alteration of groove location. Therefore, even for DNA-binding complexes of low sequence-specificity, distinct variations in binding as a function of sequence are apparent.

Cations, Divalent↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of the Pd(phen)(bdt) complex. A DFT and TDDFT study of its ground electronic and excited states compared to those of analogous complexes.

The synthesis and characterization of Pd(phen)(bdt) (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate) is presented. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, alpha = 11.281(4) A, b = 20.498(8) A, c = 8.374(3) A, beta = 90.234(8), V = 1936.5(13) A(3), Z = 4, and is isostructural with its previously reported related complexes. The ground and low lying excited electronic states in 1 and in the related complexes Pd(bpy)(bdt) (2), Pt(bpy)(bdt) (3), Pt(bpy)(mnt) (4), and Pt(bpy)(edt) (5) [where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, edt = ethylene-1,2-dithiolate, and mnt = maleonitriledithiolate] are studied using density functional theory techniques. The electronic properties of 1-5 are studied using the B3LYP functional. Optimized geometries are compared to experimentally observed structures. Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is employed to investigate the excited singlet and triplet states. The calculated energies of the lowest singlet state and the lowest triplet state in all five complexes are in considerable agreement with experimental data. It is shown that variation of both metal and dithiolate-ligand going from 1 and 2 to 3, 4, and 5 has a substantial impact on the spectroscopic and excited-state properties, indicating at the same time the mixed metal/dithiolate character of the HOMO orbital. All the low-lying transitions are categorized as MMLL'CT transitions. The emissive state of all complexes is assigned as a triplet dithiolate/metal to diimine charge transfer with differences in the structures of the emissions resulting from differences in the pi dithiolate orbital of the mnt, bdt, and edt as well as from differences in metal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Macrocyclic lanthanide complexes as artificial nucleases and ribonucleases: effects of pH, metal ionic radii, number of coordinated water molecules, charge, and concentrations of the metal complexes.

We have been interested in the design, synthesis, and characterization of artificial nucleases and ribonucleases by employing macrocyclic lanthanide complexes because their high thermodynamic stability, low kinetic lability, high coordination number, and charge density (Lewis acidity) allow more design flexibility and stability. In this paper, we report the study of the use of the europium(III) complex, EuDO2A+ (DO2A is 1,7-dicarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and other lanthanide complexes (i.e., LaDO2A+, YbDO2A+, EuK21DA+, EuEDDA+, and EuHEDTA where K21DA is 1,7-diaza-4,10,13-trioxacyclopentadecane-N,N'-diacetic acid, EDDA is ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, and HEDTA is N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-N,N',N'-triacetic acid), as potential catalysts for the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of BNPP (sodium bis(4-nitrophenyl)-phosphate). For the pH range 7.0-11.0 studied, EuDO2A+ promotes BNPP hydrolysis with the quickest rates among LaDO2A+, EuDO2A+, and YbDO2A+. This indicates that charge density is not the only factor affecting the reaction rates. Among the four complexes, EuDO2A+, EuK21DA+, EuEDDA+, and EuHEDTA, with their respective number of inner-sphere coordinated water molecules three, two, five, and three, EuEDDA+, with the greatest number of inner-sphere coordinated water molecules and a positive charge, promotes BNPP hydrolysis more efficiently at pH below 8.4, and the observed rate trend is EuEDDA+ > EuDO2A+ > EuK21DA+ > EuHEDTA. At pH > 8.4, the EuEDDA+ solution becomes misty and precipitates form. At pH 11.0, the hydrolysis rate of BNPP in the presence of EuDO2A+ is 100 times faster than that of EuHEDTA, presumably because the positively charged EuDO2A+ is more favorable for binding with the negatively charged phosphodiester compounds. The logarithmic hydrolysis constants (pKh) were determined, and are reported in the parentheses, by fitting the kinetic k(obs) data vs pH for EuDO2A+ (8.4), LaDO2A+ (8.4), YbDO2A+ (9.4), EuK21DA+ (7.8), EuEDDA+ (9.0), and EuHEDTA (10.1). The preliminary rate constant-[EuDO2A+] data at pH 9.35 were fitted to a monomer-dimer reaction model, and the dimer rate constant is 400 times greater than that of the monomer. The fact that YbDO2A+ catalyzes BNPP less effectively than EuDO2A+ is tentatively explained by the formation of an inactive dimer, [Yb(DO2A)(OH)]2, with no coordination unsaturation for BNPP substrate binding.

Deoxyribonucleases↗
PubMed2005

Synthesis of a vanadium(III) tris(arylthiolato) complex and its reactions with azide and azo compounds: formation of a sulfenamide complex via cleavage of an azo N=N bond.

The tris(arylthiolate) vanadium(III) complex (1) has been synthesized in good yield. This complex is found to undergo CH activation across a V-S bond in the presence of TMEDA to give a cyclometalated species along with free arylthiol. Complex 1 behaves as a two-electron reductant toward Ad-N(3), yielding an imide complex. Treatment of 1 with azobenzene produces an imide-sulfenamide compound, in which an azo N=N bond cleavage takes place concomitant with formation of a V=N and an S-N bond.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Electrochemical synthesis and structural characterization of silver(I) complexes of N-2-pyridyl sulfonamide ligands with different nuclearity: influence of the steric hindrance at the pyridine ring and the sulfonamide group on the structure of the complexes.

A new series of silver complexes, [AgL], of the anionic forms of potentially bidentate N-2-pyridyl sulfonamide ligands [N-(3-methyl-2-pyridyl)-p-toluenenesulfonamide (HTs3mepy), N-(3-methyl-2-pyridyl)mesitylenesulfonamide (HMs3mepy), N-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide (HTs4mepy), and N-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)mesitylenesulfonamide (HMs6mepy)] have been prepared by an electrochemical procedure. In addition, heteroleptic complexes of composition [AgLL'] (L' = 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine) were obtained when the coligand L' was added to the electrolytic phase. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and LSI mass spectrometry. In the cases of the compounds [Ag(Ts3mepy)](n)() (1), [Ag(4)(Ms3mepy)(4)] (2a), [Ag(Ms3mepy)](n)() (2b), [Ag(4)(Ms6mepy)(4)] (3a), [Ag(2)(Ms6mepy)(2)](n)() (3b), [Ag(2)(Ms3mepy)(2)(phen)(2)] (5), [Ag(2)(Ms6mepy)(2)phen] (7), and [Ag(2)(Ts4mepy)(2)(bipy)(2)] (8), characterization was also carried out by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2b present a polymer structure formed by an {AgN(2)} digonal core. Compounds 2a and 3a are tetranuclear and also have a distorted {AgN(2)} digonal core. Compound 3b is based on binuclear distorted {AgN(2)} digonal units joined by an intermolecular sulfonyl oxygen atom to produce a stairlike polymer structure. The heteroleptic complexes 5 and 8 are dimeric with a distorted {AgN(4)} tetrahedral geometry, while compound 7 shows two different geometries around the metal, distorted {AgN(2)} digonal and {AgN(4)} tetrahedral. The supramolecular structures of all species are organized by pi,pi-stacking, C-H...pi, or C-H...O interactions.

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