Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Women In Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening protocols for diseases in women: a review of screening principles and examination of practices.

Screening for disease prior to the manifestation of clinical symptoms is a secondary method of disease prevention. Its use in clinical laboratory testing is based on disease prevalence, etiology, and physiology and on characteristics of the screening tests, including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. An overview of the principles of screening is presented. Analytic evaluation methods, such as cost-effectiveness analysis, use data relevant to screening programs to examine new protocols. Results of studies reported in the literature are included in the discussion of screening with clinical laboratory tests for three diseases affecting women. Development of effective and appropriate screening protocols for specific diseases incorporate scientific data from randomized controlled trials and economic analytical evaluation methods in conjunction with societal perspectives and desires.

Bias↗
PubMed2000

[Total or subtotal hysterectomy?].

UNLABELLED: We compared the risk and benefits subtotal (supracervical) hysterectomy and total hysterectomy in women with nonmalignant conditions (perioperative mortality, intra- and postoperative complications, quality of life, long-term effects on other diseases). The main disadvantage of subtotal hysterectomy over total one is the fact, that in 1 per 1000 women develops carcinoma in cervical stump. CONCLUSION: Total hysterectomy is recommended in benign conditions of the uterine corpus.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Breast cancer after mantle field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease].

Effective use of modern therapeutic modalities results in the cure of 75%-80% of Hodgkin's disease patients, regardless of stage. The major threat to continued survival is, therefore, not recurrent disease but development of second malignancies. Recent reports have firmly established the increased risk of breast cancer developing in women treated with mantle field irradiation. We describe 3 women who developed breast carcinoma following mantle field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Their clinical course was consistent with that reported in larger series. They were relatively young when irradiated and there was a long interval between radiation therapy and the diagnosis of breast cancer. Review of the literature shows that there may be a role for prophylactic mastectomy after irradiation for Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound assessment of uterine disorders.

Around the time of menopause many women develop disorders of the uterus that may cause abnormal bleeding and other troublesome symptoms. Some of these disorders, such as uterine polyps, are typically benign and easily correctable. Others, such as endometrial cancer, are potentially more serious. This article discusses the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of some common uterine disorders, with special emphasis on their sonographic appearance.

Endometrial Hyperplasia↗
PubMed2001

[Cutaneous lupus erythematosus following argon laser treatment].

BACKGROUND: It is well known that exposure to ultraviolet light can trigger lupus manifestations. Other light sources may have the same effect. We report a case of argon laser-induced lupus erythematosus. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old women developed an erythematous edematous infiltrated and sensitive lesion over the right cheek ten days after an argon laser treatment of the retina. The lesion spread towards the chin despite antibiotic treatment. Histology examination of a biopsy specimen and direct immunofluorescence suggested the diagnosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The lesions regressed in one month with hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/d) treatment. DISCUSSION: Our patient developed argon laser induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus. It is known that ultraviolet light and non-ultraviolet frequencies (x-rays, visible light) can induce lupus manifestations. One case of discoid lupus erythematosus after argon laser has been reported. In our case, due to a technical error the laser beam was directed onto the ipsilateral cheek during the laser treatment of the retina. The low-energy beams used in ophthalmology would explain the absence of local burn but would be sufficient to trigger lupus. This case demonstrates that argon laser, a visible blue or green beam, can provoke cutaneous lupus erythematosus even if there is no heat-induced burn. It is important to be aware of this adverse effect due to the widespread use of lasers in dermatology, particularly for the treatment of cutaneous lupus lesions.

Argon↗
PubMed2001

[Hyponatremic crisis--a serious side effect of diuretics in the elderly].

BACKGROUND: Treatment with thiazide diuretics is among the most frequent causes of severe hyponatremia. Previous reports indicate that elderly women develop more severe manifestations than men. The risk of developing hyponatremia increases when thiazide diuretics are given simultaneously with NSAIDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three typical case-stories are presented, all cases being admitted to hospital with a tentative diagnosis of cerebrovascular stroke. RESULTS: It is shown that hyponatremia can give rise to a broad spectrum of symptoms, ranging from unspecific dizziness and headache to alarming neurological symptoms involving lethargy and severe confusion. As far as therapy is concerned, it is important to eliminate the cause of hyponatremia, and to carry out a controlled correction with isotonic or hypertonic saline. Too rapid correction can precipitate a serious complication called osmotic demyelination syndrome. INTERPRETATION: Differential diagnoses of hyponatremic conditions are discussed. Prescription of drugs that involve risk of hyponatremia should be preceded by a precise evaluation of the condition and the indication for such treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Tuberculous peritonitis in a cohort of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Among 155 patients who were initiated on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 4 patients (2 men, 2 women) developed tuberculous peritonitis. They had been on PD for between 2 months and 84 months when they developed the peritonitis. The Mantoux test was negative in all of them. The diagnosis was made by a variety of means in the various cases: demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the peritoneal cavity; presence of caseating granuloma in a peritoneal biopsy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a cold abscess adjacent to the peritoneal cavity; and demonstration of IS6110 and MPB64 genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Two of the patients developed ultrafiltration failure. Among 3 patients who were switched to hemodialysis, 2 died and 1 continues on maintenance dialysis. The last patient, whose catheter was removed, was reimplanted with a new catheter and continues on PD without ultrafiltration failure. Any patient with peritonitis unresponsive to conventional therapy should be investigated for tuberculous peritonitis. Institution of chemotherapy without delay will preserve peritoneal membrane integrity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[EEG patterns in alcohol withdrawal syndrome].

The cerebral motor and cognitive behavior is obviously altered by chronic alcoholism, which generates significant morphological and biochemical changes. In turn, alcoholic withdrawal improves the cerebral blood supply, the psychological and motor behavior and the EEG appearance, especially in young alcoholics. Our study also underlines that alcoholic women develop a late improvement of the clinical and bioelectrical condition during the alcoholic withdrawal.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Post-partum autoimmune thyroiditis in a patient presenting with Sheehan's syndrome].

A 30-year-old women developed post-partum thyroiditis associated with post- partum pituitary infarction. Pituitary stimulation tests demonstrated global pituitary deficiency but there was no thyrotropin response to TRH stimulation and free T4 was normal. Associated goiter and high circulating levels of microsomal antibodies led to the diagnosis of post-partum thyroiditis associated with pituitary deficiency. Two cases of this unusual association have been reported. The underlying pathogenesis might involve post-partum immunological rebound and/or hypocorticism-induced immunological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

The "morning-after pill"--a preliminary report.

Oestrogens increase uterine secretion rate, contractility of tubal and uterine muscle, and closure of the isthmo-ampullar and uterotubal junctions. It may cause either "tubelocking" or accelerated transport, depending on the time the oestrogens are given, and on their dosage. In 72 women, either victims of rape, or woman whose partners had used condoms that failed, oestrogens were given within 48 hours of coitus. The dosage was either 5 mg of stilboestrol 5 times daily for 5 days, or 1 mg of ethinyloestradiol twice daily for 5 days. About 1/2 the women had been exposed to the possible effects of unprotected coitus between 12 and 16 days before the time of their next expected period. No pregnancies were seen with the above dosages. There were 2 pregnancies where the doctor had prescribed 1 mg of ethinyloestradiol daily instead of the 2 mg advised. Nearly all the women developed nausea at 1st, and 3 of them vomited up their tablets. These were given daily injections of 2 ampoules of 12.5 mg of dimenformon forte instead. At present patients are advised, as a routine, to take an antiemetic, such as 1/2 a tablet of avomine, 1/2 an hour before taking the oestrogen. A gynaecologist has been one ectopic pregnancy in a patient for whom he had prescribed 25 mg of stilboestrol daily for 8 days. By inhibiting oestrogen synthesis, oestrogens given as described here may act as antioestrogens and so interfere with the delicate hormone balance required in the regulation of the isthmo-ampullar junction of the tube. Which dosage will accelerate ovum transport and hence premature arrival in the uterus, resulting in ovum degeneration, and which dosage will produce delayed ovum transport ("tube locking") is not yet clear. Other mechanisms may be withdrawal bleeding or interference with implantation.

Biology↗
PubMed2002

Do thyroid disorders increase the risk of breast cancer?

The objective of this study was to determine whether thyroid disorders or treatment of such disorders affects the risk of breast cancer. Subjects aged 35-64 years were participants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, case-control study of invasive breast cancer that was carried out at five sites in the United States. In-person interviews were completed for 4575 women (cases) with breast cancer (2953 white and 1622 black) and 4682 control women (3021 white and 1661 black). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression methods. Models included adjustment for age (5-year age groups), race (white or black), and site. A history of any thyroid disorder (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9-1.2) was not associated with breast cancer risk. Only women with a history of thyroid cancer had an increased risk, but this was restricted to parous women (parous OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5-8.1; nulliparous OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.04-5.1). Breast cancer risk was not associated with treatment for thyroid disorders. There was no statistical interaction between thyroid disorders, thyroid treatments, and race, menopausal status, or parity. We found no association between thyroid disorders or their associated treatments and the risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Ovulation induction therapy and systemic lupus erythematosus].

Improvement in the prognosis of SLE prognosis has led to considering infertility therapy. The earliest reports displayed complications such as SLE revealed by ovulation induction or thrombophlebitis. Fertility is known to be normal in women with SLE, excepting amenorrhea accompanying severe flare-ups, renal insufficiency-related hypofertility and ovarian failure secondary to cyclophosphamide therapy. Anti-phospholipid antibodies are suspected to cause defective nidation and placental ischemia. An exponential rise of serum estradiol is observed irrespective of the ovulation induction protocol used, leading to SLE flare-up and thrombosis. We have experience with 114 cycles in 21 women with SLE and/or APS. A complication (fetal loss, SLE flare-up, thrombophlebitis) revealed the underlying disease in 8 women. Eighteen pregnancies led to 9 live-births, 4 fetal deaths and 5 embryonic losses. Pregnancy rate was higher after ovulation induction using gonadotropins (25% per cycle), than clomiphene (4%). Pregnancy rate was similar after IVFETE, whether the protocol was planned or not. However, three-quarters of the pregnancies after unplanned IVFETE led to abortions. On the contrary, 6 out of 7 pregnancies after planned IVFETE led to live-births. Two women developed thrombophlebitis after gonadotropins therapy. A SLE flare-up appeared after 13 out of 62 cycles, with a flare-up rate higher after gonadotropins (27% per cycle) than clomiphene therapy (6%), and after an unplanned (30%) than a planned procedure (10%). In conclusion, ovulation induction therapy can reveal SLE or APS. Clomiphene complications are uncommon. When gonadotropin therapy is considered, a preventive anti-inflammatory therapy should be discussed in SLE patients, in conjunction with heparin and/or anti-aggregate therapy for those with asymptomatic anti-phospholipid antibodies or prior thrombotic events.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis in three different iodine intake areas].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) in three different iodine intake areas, to explore the relationship between iodine intake and PPT. METHODS: Panshan, Zhangwu and Huanghua are three different iodine intake areas. The median urinary iodine concentration were 103 micro g/L, 374 micro g/L and 614 micro g/L, respectively. One hundred and nineteen lactational women were investigated during the first year postpartum. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT(4)), free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were determined with immulite method, and UI was determined by As-Ce(4+) catalytic spectrophotometry method. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPT is 11.8%, 10.1% of subclinical PPT, whereas 1.7% of clinical PPT. There was statistically significant difference in the frequency of PPT in three areas (Panshan 5.6%, Zhangwu 23.1% and Huanghua 6.8%, P < 0.05), but no difference in the frequency of thyroid autoimmune antibody (TAA). 50% of positive TAA women developed into PPT. CONCLUSION: Higher prevalence of subclinical PPT was found in the area with moderate iodine deficiency after iodine supplementation, suggesting a possible role of iodine supplementation in PPT.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2003

Women's sexual health: an interdisciplinary approach to treating low sexual desire.

Hypoactive sexual desire is one of the most common sexual problems in women. This article describes an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial model for assessing and treating hypoactive sexual desire in women. Developed at the University of Minnesota's Center for Sexual Health, the collaborative model can be implemented by physicians and other medical practitioners. This article focuses on the medical and psychopharmacological aspects of the approach and includes a brief description of the psychological treatment components. A key aspect of the approach is frequent communication and coordination of care among the team members, which enables all team members to reinforce all aspects of the treatment.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2003

[Human trichinellosis in Poland in 2001].

Total number of 52 cases of human trichinellosis were reported and registered in Poland in 2001. Similarly as in the previous year, most of these cases (41) were occurred in wielkopolskie voivodeship. A large outbreak (40 cases) in this voivodeship resulted from consumption of the raw smoked sausage made from the boar. Sources of the infestation in 50 cases were more than 5 boars and 3 pigs. According to two cases--sources and vehicles of the infestation were not discovered. A total of 33 men and 19 women developed the disease (including 3 children under 14 years of age). Sixteen cases were hospitalized. No deaths from trichinellosis were reported in Poland in 2001.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The implementation of a program for preparing parturients for childbirth at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo].

The Obstetric and Neonatal Nursing Program of the School of Nursing of USP has worked with the Maternal and Infant Division of the University Hospital of USP since 1981. Among the activities carried out are the childbirth classes to prepare pregnant women, developed from 1990 as teaching-practice linkage. The evaluation of the preparation take into account the process of collaboration nursing education and nursing services.

Brazil↗
PubMed1992

[Ileovaginal fistula after ileo-anal anastomosis. Recovery by transposition of the gracilis muscle. Good anatomical and functional result].

One women developed a pouch-vaginal fistula after reconstructive proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. This study describes the risk factors which predispose to the development of this rare complication, as well as the various treatment options available. A diverting ileostomy was maintained and gracilis muscle interposition flap was used to treat the patient. An excellent result was achieved. This procedure can be useful in this rare but distressing complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Anorexia nervosa as a compulsive behaviour disease.

A number of anorexic young women develop bulimia, a condition in which binge eating is driven so intensely they cannot resist it. Although this drive has the character of a compulsion the patients do not as a rule suffer from obsessional-compulsive neurosis. A questionnaire was developed and used to determine whether similar compulsive drives manifest themselves in restricting anorexics and whether there are compulsive features resembling patients with compulsive personality disorder (as described in DSM-III) in eating disorders. A total of 162 patients were studied, comprising 42 controls, 30 depressed patients, 34 non-bingeing anorexics, 28 bingeing anorexics and 28 compulsive patients. The questionnaire was shown to be a stable instrument and, on the compulsion scale, the anorexics, bulimics and compulsive patients all scored very highly (mean +/- S.E.; 32.1 +/- 1.9, 35.8 +/- 1.9, 28.0 +/- 2.2, respectively) compared to the controls (13.1 +/- 1.1, p < 0.005). The compulsive patients did not have anorexia-type eating disorders. It was concluded that many of the factors which underlie compulsive personality disorder are present in primary eating disorders and the compulsive nature of anorexia could not be ignored when treatment was considered. The difference between compulsive behaviour and addiction is discussed in the light of the failure of long-term naloxone infusion to cure severe anorexia, even though some patients had dramatic weight gains associated with the antilipolytic action of naloxone.

Adolescent↗