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PubMed2004

Expression and transcriptional regulation of functionally distinct Bmf isoforms in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

Bmf is a BH3-only Bcl-2 family member that is normally sequestered to myosin V motors by binding to the dynein light chain 2 (DLC2). Certain damage signals release Bmf, which then binds prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins and triggers apoptosis. Here, two novel isoforms of human Bmf, Bmf-II and Bmf-III, were identified and cloned from cDNA derived from B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Bmf-II and Bmf-III were characterized as two splice variants, lacking the BH3 domain but retaining the DLC2 binding domain. Bmf (here called Bmf-I) expression in HeLa cells induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in contrast to Bmf-II and Bmf-III, which had no effect on apoptosis and instead increased colony formation. While bmf-I mRNA was expressed in many cell types, expression was higher in B lymphoid cells and bmf-II and bmf-III were mainly detected in B-CLL and normal B cells. bmf-I mRNA was upregulated in normal and leukemic B cells, while bmf-III mRNA was downregulated only in B-CLL cells by serum deprivation. We show that Bmf is regulated by transcriptional activation and alternative splicing and conclude that the relative levels of Bmf isoforms may have a role in regulating growth and survival in B cells and leukemic B-CLL cells.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2006

Intrinsic charge ladders of a monoclonal antibody in hydroxypropylcellulose-coated capillaries.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been used to resolve the charge heterogeneity of an intact ( approximately 150 kDa) monoclonal IgG antibody (mAb). Although this microheterogeneity can also be observed by isoelectric focusing, CZE allows the net charge of each variant to be measured as a function of pH and other solution conditions. Separation was achieved in both borate and Tris run buffers using capillaries that had been statically coated with hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). The HPC coating makes inadvertent chromatographic retention of the mAb undetectably small and decreases electroosmotic flow (EOF) to approximately 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), with reasonable stability over dozens of runs under the conditions tested (pH 8.5 and 9.0 for each buffer). We also describe a novel means of measuring small, positive EOF coefficients and larger, negative net mobilities in the same run. This allows determination of accurate electrophoretic mobilities despite variations in EOF. The resolved mAb charge variants (which most likely result from deamidation or partial truncation) constitute what we call an "intrinsic" charge ladder. As with conventional charge ladders formed by deliberate modification of a homogeneous protein, net charge is obtained by extrapolating a plot of electrophoretic mobility versus (assumed) incremental charge difference. At a given pH, the mAb is more negatively charged in borate than in Tris, reflecting specific binding of the B(OH)(4)(-) anion. We also report hydrodynamic radii calculated from the slopes of these plots.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structure of major surface determinants and DNA diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii.

Pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen which causes fatal pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). To facilitate the basic study of P. carinii, we have analyzed its major surface proteins by both immunochemical and biochemical methods. The major protein components of both cysts and trophozoites are a group of proteins called "P115" with apparent masses of 105-120 kd. It includes 6 isoelectric variants. A monoclonal antibody raised against cysts recognizes all 6 variants and reacts with epitopes located in the cell wall indicating that P115 is an immunoreactive surface component. The isoelectric variants contain identical or closely related protein components and they are mannose-rich glycoproteins. The isoelectric variation may be due primarily to differences in glycosylation. The majority of sera from humans with diagnosed pneumocystosis that were tested reacted strongly with the P115 proteins. To develop probes for DNA diagnosis and to facilitate molecular studies, a genomic DNA library of P. carinii has been constructed. Some of these clones were used for DNA hybridization analysis of rat and human lungs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Model of intersegmental coordination in the leech heartbeat neuronal network.

We have created a computational model of the timing network that paces the heartbeat of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. The rhythmic activity of this network originates from two segmental oscillators located in the third and fourth midbody ganglia. In the intact nerve cord, these segmental oscillators are mutually entrained to the same cycle period. Although experiments have shown that the segmental oscillators are coupled by inhibitory coordinating interneurons, the underlying mechanisms of intersegmental coordination have not yet been elucidated. To help understand this coordination, we have created a simple computational model with two variants: symmetric and asymmetric. In the symmetric model, neurons within each segmental oscillator called oscillator interneurons, inhibit the coordinating interneurons. In contrast, in the asymmetric model only the oscillator interneurons of one segmental oscillator inhibit the coordinating interneurons. In the symmetric model, when two segmental oscillators with different inherent periods are coupled, the faster one leads in phase, and the period of the coupled system is equal to the period of the faster oscillator. This behavior arises because, during each oscillation cycle, the oscillator interneurons of the faster segmental oscillator begin to burst before those of the slower oscillator, thereby terminating spike activity in the coordinating interneurons. Thus there is a brief period of time in each cycle when the oscillator interneurons of the slower segmental oscillator are relieved of inhibition from the coordinating interneurons. This "removal of synaptic inhibition" allows, within certain limits, the slower segmental oscillator to be sped to the period of the faster one. Thus the symmetric model demonstrates a plausible biophysical mechanism by which one segmental oscillator can entrain the other. In general the asymmetric model, in which only one segmental oscillator has the ability to inhibit the coordinating interneurons, behaves similarly, except only one segmental oscillator can control the period of the system. In addition, we simulated physiological experiments in which a "driving" stimulus, consisting of alternating positive and negative current steps, was used to control a single oscillator interneuron and thereby entrain the activity of the entire timing network.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

A "20K" form of growth hormone in the murine pituitary gland.

Extracts of mouse and rat adenohypophyses have been analyzed for a low-molecular-weight variant of growth hormone (GH) known to occur in humans, the so-called "20K"-GH (mol wt = 20,000 vs 22,000 for traditional human GH). Pituitary proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunostained with an antiserum raised against murine GH. Reactive and unreactive bands in close vicinity of the major GH band were fingerprinted by a peptide-mapping technique that reveals only the tyrosine-containing peptides, but can be applied to fingerprint single protein bands within gels. We found a protein band 2000 mol wt smaller than the major murine GH in both mouse and rat pituitary glands whose fingerprint resembled that of major GH. The peptide-mapping results are consistent with the interpretation that the internal deletion of amino acid residues most likely is in the same region of the molecule as in the human 20K-GH. Unlike the human 20K-GH, however, the murine counterpart showed no cross-reactivity with an antiserum raised against 22K-GH in the test system used here.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Current status of severe acute respiratory syndrome in China.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), also called infectious atypical pneumonia, is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel variant of coronavirus (SARS-associated coronavirus, SARS-CoV). It is mainly characterized by pulmonary infection with a high infectivity and fatality. SARS is swept across almost all the continents of the globe, and has currently involved 33 countries and regions, including the mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, North America and Europe. On June 30, 2003, an accumulative total reached 8450 cases with 810 deaths. SARS epidemic was very rampant in March, April and May 2003 in the mainland of China and Hong Kong. Chinese scientists and healthcare workers cooperated closely with other scientists from all over the world to fight the disease. On April 16, 2003, World Health Organization (WHO) formally declared that SARS-CoV was an etiological agent of SARS. Currently, there is no specific and effective therapy and prevention method for SARS. The main treatments include corticosteroid therapy, anti-viral agents, anti-infection, mechanical ventilation and isolation. This disease can be prevented and controlled, and it is also curable. Under the endeavor of the Chinese Government, medical staffs and other related professionals, SARS has been under control in China, and Chinese scientists have also made a great contribution to SARS research. Other studies in developing new detection assays and therapies, and discovering new drugs and vaccines are in progress. In this paper, we briefly review the current status of SARS in China.

China↗
PubMed2000

The rhomboid fossa of the clavicle as a sex and age estimator.

The costoclavicular (rhomboid) ligament connects the first rib to the clavicle, stabilizing the pectoral girdle. It produces skeletal traits that may be tubercles, roughened impressions, shallow groove-like fossae, deep fossae, or leave no trace. A pit or depression at this site is often called a "rhomboid fossa." While these markings may appear pathological, they are normal variants of the clavicle. Using a large contemporary sample (N = 344:113 females, 231 males), we evaluated the presence of a rhomboid fossa as a sex and age indicator for unidentified skeletal remains. Logistic regression found significant relationships between the presence of a rhomboid fossa and sex and between presence of a rhomboid fossa and age. Fossae were more common in males (36% left, 31% right) than in females (3% left, 8% right). Posterior probabilities suggest that a fossa on the right clavicle is indicative of a male with 81.7% probability; a fossa on the left is indicative of a male with 92.2% probability. Younger individuals more commonly exhibited rhomboid fossae than older individuals, and the largest fossae were most common in males 20-30 years of age. However, the age effect was not conclusive and must be corroborated by other methods. A test of the sex estimation method on an independent sample (26 males, 23 females) found nine males and only one female with fossae present on the left clavicle. When the costoclavicular attachment exhibits an impression, a tubercle, or leaves no trace, this method cannot be used for sex estimation. When a clavicle exhibits a rhomboid fossa, it is likely from a male. The greater difference in fossa expression between the sexes on the left clavicle makes use of the left bone preferable. This technique can corroborate other sex estimates or provide an estimate for unknown individuals in the absence of other skeletal indicators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Stenosing arteritis of the subclavian-axillary arteries (polymyalgia rheumatica sive arteritica).

According to recent investigations a stenosing arteritis of the subclavian-axillary arteries almost always is only one localization and an extreme variant of a systemic vascular disease, affecting aorta and large arteries, by pathologists called giant-cell arteritis or non-syphilitic aortitis and arteritis. The clinical manifestation of this disease process is often limited to a "painful shoulder syndrome".

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Origin and spread of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (G6PD-Mediterranean) in the Middle East.

A common glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variant characterized by severe enzyme deficiency and B-like electrophoretic mobility is called "G6PD-Mediterranean" because it is found in different populations around the Mediterranean Sea. Sequence analysis of Italian subjects has revealed that the molecular basis of G6PD-Mediterranean is a single C-T transition at nucleotide position 563, causing a serine phenylalanine replacement at amino acid position 188. Most G6PD-Mediterranean subjects also have a silent C-T transition (without amino acid replacement) at nucleotide position 1311. Twenty-one unrelated individuals from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel with both severe G6PD deficiency and B-like electrophoretic mobility were tested for both mutations by using amplification followed by digestion with appropriate restriction enzymes. All but one had the 563 mutation, and, of these, all but one had the 1311 mutation. Another 24 unrelated Middle Eastern individuals with normal G6PD activity or not known to be G6PD deficient were similarly tested. Four had the silent mutation at position 1311 in the absence of the deficiency mutation at position 563. We conclude that (1) the large majority of Middle Eastern subjects with the G6PD-Mediterranean phenotype have the same mutation found in Italy, (2) the silent mutation is an independent polymorphism in the Middle East, with a frequency of about .13, and (3) the mutation leading to the G6PD-Mediterranean deficiency has probably arisen on a chromosome that already carried the silent mutation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Cholangitis glandularis proliferans. A histologic variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis with distinctive clinical and pathological features.

This is the first report in the American literature of a recently described histologic variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Only six examples of this unique entity, called cholangitis glandularis proliferans (CGP), or proliferative cholangitis, have previously been reported. This disorder typically presents as painless jaundice but differs clinically from PSC by occurring predominantly in females and lacking an association with inflammatory bowel disease. The unique histological features are characterized by florid intramural proliferation of glandular elements in addition to an intense inflammatory component. Anatomically, the lesion is confined to the extrahepatic biliary tree, which enables its successful surgical extirpation since it does not appear to be progressive.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Establishment of an attenuated strain of porcine parvovirus by serial passage at low temperature.

To prepare a live virus vaccine strain for the prevention of porcine parvovirus infection, the 90HS strain, isolated from the brain of a stillborn porcine fetus, was subjected to the first 45 serial passages in swine kidney established (ESK) cells of porcine kidney origin at 30-35 degrees C and to the 46th and later serial passages in the same cells as these at 32 degrees C. When swine were inoculated with the strain at the 38th passage level possessing such properties as expressed with rct/37+ and rct/40-, they presented viremia, virus discharge, and the transmission of virus to other swine. When swine were inoculated with the strain at the 54th and 55th passage level possessing such properties as expressed with rct/37- and rct/40-, they failed to exhibit viremia, virus discharge, and the transmission of virus to other swine, but retained for a long time hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody which had been produced after inoculation. A low virulent variant strain was obtained after 54 serial passages at low temperature. It was called the HT- strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Variety in the course and prognostic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia with onset in adolescence and young adulthood according to late follow-up].

A clinical follow up study carried out 10 to 15 years after the schizophrenia onset in 130 patients who fell ill in adolescence and youth has shown that there are differences in the degree of the process advancement at late stages of the disease course. This makes it possible to speak about three different tendencies in the disease development, and namely: a) rapid formation of the so-called terminal states (31.5%), b) retention of the process activity with continuing complication of the productive disorders (40%), and c) noticeable reduction of the morbid manifestations with signs of compensation of the personality defect and possibilities of social and working adaptation (the so-called late remissions, 28.5%). Some clinico-pathogenetic differences correlating with the above variants have been discovered. This makes it possible to deduce prognostic criteria in those forms of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Autocrine motility factor induces differential 12-lipoxygenase expression and activity in high- and low-metastatic K1735 melanoma cell variants.

A M(r) 55,000 tumor cell-secreted cytokine has been described which influenced the migration of the producing cells and was called autocrine motility factor (AMF). Activation of the cell surface receptor for AMF (gp78) was shown to stimulate production of a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [12-(S)-HETE], in highly metastatic murine melanoma cells. AMF stimulated the motility of the high-metastatic (K1735-M1) but not the low-metastatic variant (K1735-Cl.11) of the K1735 murine melanoma and increased expression of the 12-lipoxygenase enzyme predominantly in the high-metastatic counterpart. The K1735-M1 cells responded to motile stimulation with increased endogenous 12-(S)-HETE production, and, reciprocally, exogenous 12-(S)-HETE up-regulated surface gp78 and caused gp78 translocation from an intracellular perinuclear pool to tubulovesicles which extended to the cell periphery in the K1735-M1 cells exclusively. These results suggest that differences in AMF responses may be due to alterations in the capacity of low-metastatic cells to transduce signals through 12-lipoxygenase or to involve downstream effector(s) of 12-(S)-HETE after gp78 activation.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1989

Schwannomatosis. An unusual variant of neurofibromatosis or a distinct clinical entity?

Multiple schwannomas have frequently been seen in patients with neurofibromatosis. Recently, the association of multiple cutaneous schwannomas, central nervous system tumors, and various neurologic deficits has been described in Japanese patients as a condition called schwannomatosis. We describe the first non-Japanese cases of schwannomatosis and compare and contrast this unusual condition with the well-known variants of neurofibromatosis. We conclude that the features of schwannomatosis are distinct and define a condition that does not fit into the current classification scheme of neurofibromatosis. The occurrence of multiple cutaneous schwannomas in the absence of cardinal features of neurofibromatosis may indicate the presence of central nervous system tumors or various neurologic deficits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Thoracic pseudo-lesions induced by inadequate methodology, optical illusions, and anatomical variations].

False-positive or over-calling of findings at chest radiography may have important consequences by generating numerous and unnecessary examinations. The advances made in thoracic imaging have currently decreased the number of technical errors. However, we are frequently confronted with visual illusions or with failure to recognize anatomical variants, either congenital, age-related or physiological in nature. Other difficulties are due to functional variations. Over-calling depends on the clinical context, which may inadequately suggest an interstitial lung process, abnormalities of the vascularization or of the hila. In this article, several examples of false positives will be illustrated. An explanation for these appearances, based on the underlying etiology, will be provided.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and characterization of a ColE1-like plasmid from Enterobacter agglomerans with a novel variant of rom gene.

Complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid isolated from Enterobacter agglomerans has been determined. The plasmid, called pPIGDM1, consists of 2495 base pairs. The analysis of its nucleotide sequence suggested that pPIGDM1 may be a ColE1-like replicon. We confirmed this hypothesis by constructing a pPIGDM1-derived plasmid harboring the cat gene (pBW4), which could be introduced into Escherichia coli cells, and demonstrating that pBW4 cannot replicate in the absence of the polA function and that its copy number is significantly decreased in the pcnB mutant. Like some other ColE1-type replicons (e.g., pBR322), pPIGDM1-derived plasmids can be amplified both by chloramphenicol method and in isoleucine-starved relA mutants but not in relA+ bacteria. Inactivation of the putative rom gene by insertion of an amplicillin-resistance gene resulted in significant increase in pPIGDM1-derived plasmid copy number in E. coli-despite the fact that amino acid sequence of the putative RNA 1 modulator (Rom) protein is only 55.7% identical to the ColE1 analog. The pPIGDM1-derived rom-like coding sequence is also homologous to the rom-like gene present in the Proteus vulgaris plasmid pPvul. We suggest to group all these gene products into a new family called ROMS (RNA one modulators). Since a pPIGDM1-derived plasmid is compatible with other ColE1-like replicons (pMB1-, p15A, RSF1030-, and CloDF13-derived) in E. coli, one may consider pPIGDM1 as a progenitor of new cloning vehicles compatible with most (if not all) of currently used plasmid vectors. Moreover, this plasmid may serve as a source of the new rom-like gene coding for a protein useful in investigation of RNA-protein interactions. A role for the pPIGDM1 plasmid in the host strain is not known.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Painful rib syndrome. A variant of myofascial pain syndrome.

1. Painful rib syndrome has many similarities to a new classification of pain conditions called myofascial pain syndrome. Both conditions respond well to noninvasive, supportive nursing interventions. 2. Painful rib syndrome is characterized by pain in the upper abdomen or lower chest, a tender spot on the costal margin, and reproduction of pain when pressing on the tender spot or trigger point. 3. The most critical intervention is to explain the benign nature of the condition, and provide support that the pain is real and can be managed. Prognosis is not gender or age specific, but is related to treatment response. 4. Employees and their families living and working with pain syndromes need the nurses' ongoing support and advocacy. Pain syndromes are difficult to diagnose and treatment may not eliminate the pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Three alternatively spliced variants of the gene coding for the human bone morphogenetic protein-1.

The human bone morphogenetic protein-1 was originally identified as a protein with the capacity to stimulate bone and cartilage growth in vitro. Its gene sequence identified it as an alternatively spliced human homolog of the Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning tolloid gene and suggested that it activates transforming growth factor-beta-like molecules by proteolytic cleavage. Its expression pattern and its recently identified activity as a procollagen C proteinase, however, suggest that it has a more general function in the early stages of embryogenesis. This view is strengthened by the previous observation of a third alternatively spliced isoform of the gene, called bone morphogenetic protein 1/His. We now show that the gene is expressed in three additional variants, leading to shorter and slightly modified C-termini. The three variants are preferentially expressed in placenta but show individual differences in their expression profiles in other soft tissues.

Alternative Splicing↗