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PubMedDate not supplied

Field trial of compact travel dialysis system.

To increase mobility for home hemodialysis patients, a portable, light weight hemodialysis system has been bench and field tested. The combination of a 21 L dialysate reservoir and small, high speed blood and dialysate pumps has permitted the entire system to be contained in a twenty two pound, 22 X 13 X 6 inch aluminum suitcase. Initial evaluation in hospitalized patients has shown the system to be safe and efficient. Acceptable clearances of creatinine and urea are maintained throughout a five hour dialysis by changing the bath at 120 and 210 minutes. Successful application of the system in travel by 3 patients, who perfomed a total of 12 dialyses in their hotel rooms while on vacation, indicates the broad potential of the new system.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Alcohol consumption by undergraduate students.

This study examines a prediction of alcohol consumption in a sample of 212 undergraduate students at a university in Sydney. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, given to students in Semesters one and two. During both semesters the college residents reported drinking significantly more alcohol than students living elsewhere, but during vacation the intake of the two groups was approximately equal. Higher alcohol consumption in Semester two was best predicted by higher Semester one intake, followed by more consumption by friends and higher parental occupation status. Female students residing on campus were those most likely to be drinking at hazardous levels. Results also indicated that a significant proportion of residential students were drinking at hazardous levels, and that prevention interventions may need to focus on changing the attitudes and behavior of the social group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Persistence of tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol in exposed woodworkers.

The decline in urinary concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (TCP) were observed for a group of woodworkers chronically exposed to Permatox 100 (3% PCP, 21% TCP) during a 16 day vacation and plant shutdown. The group was monitored annually for two years, with sampling occurring on the last working day prior to shutdown and on the first day after the shutdown. Among those workers with the highest pre-shutdown levels, uniform TCP reductions of 90 +/- 6% were observed, indicating elimination rates similar to those reported for PCP in a single dose human exposure study. Four workers were sampled on alternate days during the shutdown in the second year. Of these, two workers had significant pre-shutdown levels, and showed declines in urine TCP levels over this period consistent with simple one-compartment first order decay. The possible effect of environmental PCP exposure on observed biological decay rates when occupational PCP exposures are low was indicated by the wide variation in urinary PCP reduction and slight decreases or actual increases observed over the shutdown period.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competitive exclusion of Salmonella enteritidis by Salmonella gallinarum in poultry.

Salmonella Enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. Epidemiologic data from England, Wales, and the United States indicate that S. Enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of S. Gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. We tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in Germany and demonstrated that the number of human S. Enteritidis cases is inversely related to the prevalence of S. Gallinarum in poultry. Mathematical models combining epidemiology with population biology suggest that S. Gallinarum competitively excluded S. Enteritidis from poultry flocks early in the 20th century.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia hermsii, Montana.

Five persons contracted tick-borne relapsing fever after staying in a cabin in western Montana. Borrelia hermsii was isolated from the blood of two patients, and Ornithodoros hermsi ticks were collected from the cabin, the first demonstration of this bacterium and tick in Montana. Relapsing fever should be considered when patients who reside or have vacationed in western Montana exhibit a recurring febrile illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Environmental and occupational health response to SARS, Taiwan, 2003.

Industrial hygiene specialists from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) visited hospitals and medical centers throughout Taiwan. They assisted with designing and evaluating ventilation modifications for infection control, developed guidelines for converting hospital rooms into SARS patient isolation rooms, prepared designs for the rapid conversion of a vacated military facility into a SARS screening and observation facility, assessed environmental aspects of dedicated SARS hospitals, and worked in concert with the Taiwanese to develop hospital ventilation guidelines. We describe the environmental findings and observations from this response, including the rapid reconfiguration of medical facilities during a national health emergency, and discuss environmental challenges should SARS or a SARS-like virus emerge again.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

Effect of human adenovirus on the ellipsoid-associated cells of the chicken's spleen.

Ellipsoid-associated cell (EAC) responded in two ways to the intravenously injected human adenovirus. The EAC may produce a chemotactic factor(s) which recruited heterophils to the periellipsoid white pulp. This early event was shown to occur immediately after the virus injection. Within 6 h of injection, the EAC disappeared from the ellipsoid and their vacated sites appeared edemic which suggested that the EAC may be the target cell of the adenovirus in the chicken spleen.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1999

The downside of snowboarding. Common injuries in novices and those seeking 'hospital air'.

Depending on where you live, you may never have treated a snowboarding injury. However, some of your patients (or maybe your own children) may return from a vacation in the Rockies sporting a snowboarding injury and needing immediate treatment or follow-up care. How familiar are you with the injury patterns specific to this increasingly popular sport? Read on for an introduction to the world of snowboarding and helpful guidelines on how to recognize and treat common snowboarding injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nursing assistant turnover in nursing homes and need satisfaction.

1. Level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is basic physiological needs measured by salary, adequate housing, and food. Attainment of these needs increased the length of stay of nursing assistants in nursing homes. 2. Safety and security (level 2) influenced length of stay of nursing assistants. Those with benefits of retirement, vacation, and holiday pay tended to have less turnover. 3. Praise by the patient and family was most important to nursing assistants. Belonging to a peer group and praise by charge nurse also decreased turnover of nursing assistants (level 3). 4. Level 4, self-esteem measured by input into decisions and being able to criticize, increased length of stay of nursing assistants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Parents as caregivers: when a son has AIDS.

1. Factors to consider in parental reactions to children with AIDS are the unique relationship of each family member to the affected individual; the difference of the parent's reaction compared with other family members; and the roles that the person with AIDS plays in each individual's life. 2. The debilitation caused by AIDS often leads to regression to earlier developmental stages; parents are confronted with a need to once again provide basic support as they work to attain completion of their own psychosocial tasks. 3. Caring for patients with AIDS presents profound challenges to nursing; nurses must carefully schedule breaks and vacations so that this does not become the focus of all their attention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

[Working conditions in home health care nursing: a survey of home care nurses in hospitals in Korea].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to address the working conditions of home health nurses through a nationwide home health agency survey conducted at hospitals. METHOD: The mail surveys were sent to 303 home health nurses nation wide and returned with a response rate of 71.8%. RESULT: (a) Seventy-five percent of home health agencies were established within the past 5 years and half of home health nurses are over 40 years old. (b) Working conditions were considered as follows: Seventy-one percent of respondents were full-time employees, sixty-six percent of home health nurses had unscheduled visits on a regular day of duty and forty-eight percent were on vacation. Fifty-one percent of home health nurses have experienced traffic accidents and paid penalties (65.9%). Self-reported monthly income level per year was an average of 28,364,000 won. (c) Rates were significantly higher for shoulder pain (61.5%), lower back pain (54.1%), knee pain (39.4%), and gastrointestinal problems (33.0%). CONCLUSION: These baseline results show the importance of improving home health nursing working conditions, a comprehensive prevention system and safeguards from physical discomfort.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gated importation of prothymocytes by adult mouse thymus is coordinated with their periodic mobilization from bone marrow.

The wavelike pattern of fetal T cell neogenesis is largely determined by the intermittent generation and exportation of waves of prothymocytes by the hemopoietic tissues in coordination with their gated importation by the thymus. Having previously shown that the importation of prothymocytes by the adult mouse thymus is also gated and that thymocytopoiesis proceeds in discrete (albeit overlapping) waves, we now demonstrate that prothymocytes are periodically exported in saturating numbers from the adult mouse bone marrow. Experiments in normal, radioablated, and parabiotic mice document the cyclical accumulation (3-5 wk) of prothymocytes in both the steady state and regenerating bone marrow, followed by their release into the blood approximately 1 wk before intrathymic gate opening. The results also show that circulating donor-origin thymocyte precursors can transiently ( approximately 1 wk) establish high level chimerism in the bone marrow after the mobilization of endogenous prothymocytes, presumably by occupying vacated microenvironmental niches. Hence, by analogy with the fetal state, we posit the existence of a feedback loop whereby diffusible chemokines of thymic origin regulate the production and/or release of bone marrow prothymocytes during each period of thymic receptivity. Because each resulting wave of thymocytopoiesis is accompanied by a wave of intrathymic dendritic cell formation, these coordinated events may help to optimize thymocyte selection as well as production.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

The impact of parental leave on extending training and entering the board certification examination process: a specialty-based comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of parental leave on extending residency training and the timing of entrance into the specialty board certification examination system. METHODS: From June 3, 2005, through December 28, 2005, primary specialty board policies regarding parental leave, absence from training, and the timing of entrance into the board certification examination process were reviewed for all American Board of Medical Specialties programs with a national enrollment of more than 100 residents. The impact of a 6-week parental leave on extending training and qualifying to enter the board certification examination system was compared among these specialties. RESULTS: All specialty boards studied, except for the American boards of neurosurgery, ophthalmology, psychiatry, neurology, and thoracic surgery, have defined limits on absences from training. The limits on absence from training among the 21 other residency programs studied are generally similar, but important differences exist. These differences include the maximum length of time away from training per year, whether absence from training can accumulate year to year, and whether the length of time away from training is consistent for each postgraduate year of the training program. The impact of a 6-week parental leave on qualifying for the board certification examination system on schedule varies from no impact to delaying entrance for 1 year. CONCLUSION: Specialty board policies regarding absence from training and entering the board certification examination process vary and could influence decisions about family planning, the length of time taken for parental leave, the use of vacation time for parental leave, and resident well-being.

Certification↗
PubMed1980

Dirofilariasis of the breast in france.

Sections of a nongravid adult female Dirofilaria, probably D. repens, were found within a subcutaneous nodule excised from the breast of a 45-year-old Frenchwoman. This is the 29th case of D. repens in man in France and the first in which the parasite was located in the breast. The patient apparently acquired the infection while vacationing in the southeastern Mediterranean region of the country.

Breast↗
PubMed1991

Pre-travel health, immunization status, and demographics of travel to the developing world for individuals visiting a travel medicine service.

It is estimated that five million Americans will travel to the developing world over the next year. This study examines the demographic profile, past medical and immunization history, itinerary, and reason for travel of 2, 445 travelers to the developing world seen at a travel medicine service from 1984 through 1989. The travelers age ranged from three months to 85 years (mean age 43). A chronic medical condition was reported by 654 (27%). Four percent of all travelers were intolerant of sulfonamides, and 9% had contraindications to mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis. Many travelers were due to receive the primary series or updatings of routinely recommended immunizations: 43% for tetanus/diphtheria, 55% of those born after 1956 for measles, and 70% for polio if their travel itinerary included a polio risk. Most travel (71%) was for vacations, 13% was for teaching or study, 11% for business, and 5% for missionary activities. The median duration of travel was 21 days; 5% traveled for more than one year. While over 150 countries were visited, 52% of all travel was to 10 countries in East Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East, and South America. Information about the epidemiology of travel to the developing world can help physicians and travel medicine services develop more effective preventive measures for travelers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Failure of falciparum malaria prophylaxis by mefloquine in travelers from West Africa.

Due to the spread of chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in French speaking parts of Africa, we have found it necessary to prescribe mefloquine for antimalaria prophylaxis to travelers to this area. Weekly doses of 125 or 250 mg have been recommended for short journeys. In spite of this regimen, 16 documented cases of falciparum malaria in travelers have been recorded in the Bordeaux hospital center since October, 1988. Fifteen of these patients were tourists returning from West African countries, and one was an Ivorian student who had been on vacation to his home country. Nine of these patients were evaluated and found to have high plasma mefloquine levels. This report strongly supports the existence of mefloquine-resistant falciparum malaria in West Africa, especially in Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, and Cote d'Ivoire.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pediatric malaria in Houston, Texas.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants and children (< 18 years of age) with the discharge diagnosis of malaria who were admitted to the four major pediatric teaching hospitals in Houston, Texas from January 1988 through December 1993. Thirty-four cases of pediatric malaria were identified in three newborns, 22 travelers, and nine recent immigrants. The travel destination was West Africa in 68%, Central America in 14%, India in 14%, and unknown in 4%. The location of the child's and parents' birthplace was available in 77% of the travel-related cases and in all cases the destination of travel was the parents' country of origin. The peak incident of the travel-related cases was late summer and early January corresponding to return from summer or Christmas vacation. Sixteen (75%) of the 22 travel-related cases had received either no prophylaxis (12 of 22) or inadequate (4 of 22) chemoprophylaxis. Half of the patients who were given appropriate chemoprophylaxis admitted to poor compliance. The clinical presentation was usually nonspecific. Fever was the most common symptom (97%) and was paroxysmal in one-third. Splenomegaly was the most common physical finding (68%). The malaria species identified included Plasmodium falciparum (56%), P. vivax (23%), P. malariae (3%), and unidentified (18%). Moderate anemia (hemoglobin level = 7.0-10 g/dL) occurred in 38% and severe anemia (hemoglobin level < 7.0 g/dL) in 29%. Three patients required transfusion. There were no end-organ complications. In summary, pediatric malaria in Houston was primarily seen in immigrants or children of immigrants who returned to their native country. Education and preventive strategies should target these families and should be part of the routine well child care of these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Foodborne illness outbreaks in Korea and Japan studied retrospectively.

The average prevalence of reported foodborne illness from 1981 to 1995 was 2.44 per 100,000 population in Korea, and 28.01 in Japan. The mean case fatality rate in Korea was 0.74% and in Japan, 0.03%. When both prevalence and case fatality rates in Korea and Japan were compared during the same period, the prevalence in Japan was much higher than that in Korea. However, the case fatality rate of patients in Korea was much higher than that in Japan. The distribution of monthly and seasonal patterns of foodborne illness outbreaks strongly indicate the outbreaks may be associated with climatic conditions, frequencies of national holidays, and vacation seasons. Comparison study indicates that the foodborne illness outbreaks in Korea most frequently involved homemade foods (47% of the total cases); in Japan, restaurants accounted for 31.3%. Foodborne illness cases of bacterial origin in Korea were 59.3% of the total and included Salmonella spp. (20.7%). Vibrio (17.4%), Staphylococcus (9.7%), pathogenic Escherichia coli (2.4%), and other species (9.1%); in Japan, 72.8% of the total cases and the majority of the bacterial foodborne illness was caused by Vibrio (32.3%), Staphylococcus (15.9%), Salmonella (14.2%), pathogenic E. coli (3.0%), and other species (7.2%). In conclusion, the outbreaks of foodborne illness in Korea and Japan may be mainly caused by improper food handling, and their occurrences may be differentiated according to food sources.

Disease Outbreaks↗