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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The utilization of radioimmunoassay antibodies for the immunohistologic staining of polypeptide hormones on paraffin-embedded tissue.

A method is described whereby commercially available radioimmunoassay-grade antibodies specific for the polypeptide hormones calcitonin, gastrin, glucagon, and somotastatin are used to detect these antigens on paraffin sections of routinely fixed tissue. The hormone antibodies are applied to deparaffinized tissue sections as the primary specific immune sera using the standard peroxidase technic. The use of these hormone antibodies to detect their respective antigens has proved valuable in demonstrating polypeptide forming tumor cells in pathologic specimens.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

Specific phenotyping of T-cell proliferations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Use of antibodies to the T-cell receptor beta F1.

Antibody beta F1 to a common framework determinant of the beta subunit of the T-cell receptor (TCR) was used as a specific phenotypic marker for T-cell differentiation in malignant lymphomas. Sensitivity of immunoperoxidase staining in paraffin sections was enhanced by pronase pretreatment, overnight incubation of primary antibody in Tween 20, and use of streptavidin horseradish peroxidase complexes to amplify the reaction. All 43 cases of B-cell lymphoma were negative for TCR. Reed Sternberg (RS) cells in 3 of 20 cases of Hodgkin's disease exhibited cell membrane staining for TCR (all nodular sclerosis type), further evidence that some RS cells may be T-cell derived. Twenty-nine of 44 cases of T-cell lymphoma expressed TCR (66%). These included 11 of 12 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) of small and mixed cell type, 8 of 9 cases of lymphoepithelioid cell (Lennert's) lymphoma, and 2 of 4 cases of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Loss of immunoreactivity for TCR occurred in lymphomas of large or activated T-cell type, including 7 of 9 cases of T-cell immunoblastic lymphoma and 3 of 4 cases of large cell PTCL. Antibody beta F1 is a specific and relatively sensitive marker of T-cell phenotype in formalin-fixed paraffin sections of malignant lymphomas.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed2003

Quantitation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mRNA expression levels in normal colon and colorectal cancer tumor paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used for more than 40 years in the treatment of neoplastic disease, and remains the standard first-line treatment for colorectal cancer in combination with irinotecan and leucovorin. Previous studies indicated that measurement of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) gene expression before treatment was valuable in determining the potential benefit of and toxicity to 5-FU treatment. In this study, we investigated the association between intratumoral DPD gene expression and the adjacent normal tissue DPD gene expression and DPD mRNA expression level in non-paired colon tumor and normal colon tissue specimens. In addition, we have compared the difference of DPD gene expression at three different RNA concentrations from the same specimen (180, 100 and 5 ng/reaction, respectively). DPD expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR using a LightCycler instrument in a total of 31 specimens. Gene expression values were expressed as a ratio of target gene (DPD) to the internal reference gene (G6PDH). Our study revealed no statistically significant difference (p=0.23) between tumor tissues and matched normal tissue in DPD expression. In contrast, the data on DPD mRNA expression in non-paired colon tumor and normal tissue specimens revealed a significant difference (p=0.0004) between the tumor group and the normal group. In the three RNA concentration groups, there was no significant difference (p=0.55) in gene expression at the different RNA concentrations from the same donor. These results demonstrate that intratumoral gene expression levels of DPD do not correlate with tumor cell percentage or with RNA concentration. Thus, DPD mRNA expression appears to be a valid sensitivity test for 5-FU in spite of a varying density of tumor cells and RNA yield in specimens submitted for analysis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

The role of immunoperoxidase techniques on paraffin embedded tissue in determining the histogenesis of undifferentiated thyroid neoplasms.

Twenty cases of undifferentiated thyroid tumours were reviewed histologically. In seven cases the histogenesis was difficult to determine using morphological criteria. Immunohistochemical staining with a panel of antibodies to lymphoid and epithelial cells, including monoclonal antibodies directed against the leucocyte common antigen, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen confirmed that four of these cases were lymphomas and that one was a medullary carcinoma. In the remaining two cases immunohistochemistry was unhelpful. In the thirteen histologically typical tumours, the immunohistochemical profile was in keeping with their histogenesis as determined by morphological criteria. Immunohistochemical staining with a panel of selected antibodies allows the reliable diagnosis of undifferentiated thyroid neoplasms, when this cannot be reached using routine histological techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Lymphoma phenotyping in formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissues. I. Range of antibodies and staining patterns.

Recently, monoclonal antibodies capable of phenotyping malignant lymphomas in routinely fixed and processed tissue have become available. Some of these reagents identify lineage-restricted variants of the leucocyte common molecule, whereas others identify unique fixation-resistant epitopes on lymphoid cells, some of which are shared by non-lymphoid tissues. A new generation of antibodies recognizing 'classical' leucocyte antigens such as CD3 are also emerging. Refinements in antigen detection systems, especially for immunoglobulin recognition, combined with these new reagents promise to improve the accuracy of lymphoma diagnosis in routine histopathology. These new antibodies are reviewed, and their limitations, cross reactivities and profiles of staining in lymphoreticular disease are discussed. A strategy for their optimal use is proposed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Lymphoma phenotyping in formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissues: II. Profiles of reactivity in the various tumour types.

Recently, monoclonal antibodies capable of phenotyping malignant lymphomas in routinely fixed and processed tissue have become available. Some of these reagents identify lineage-restricted variants of the leucocyte common molecule, whereas others identify unique fixation-resistant epitopes on lymphoid cells, some of which are shared by non-lymphoid tissues. A new generation of antibodies recognizing 'classical' leucocyte antigens such as CD3 are also emerging. Refinements in antigen detection systems, especially for immunoglobulin recognition, combined with these new reagents promise to improve the accuracy of lymphoma diagnosis in routine histopathology. These new antibodies are reviewed, and their limitations, cross reactivities and profiles of staining in lymphoreticular disease are discussed. A strategy for their optimal use is proposed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Staining sections of water-miscible resins. 2. Effects of staining-reagent lipophilicity on the staining of glycol-methacrylate-embedded tissues.

Glycol methacrylate (GMA) sections of animal tissues were stained with a group of twenty-seven reagents of very varied chemical characteristics. The artefactual background staining of the resin was found to be dependent on the hydrophilic/lipophilic character of the staining reagent, as estimated from the logarithm of its octanol-water partition coefficient (log P). Intense background staining occurred with lipophilic stains, whose log P greater than 2. In keeping with this, use of GMA semi-permeable membranes for enzyme histochemistry failed to give staining when using a lipophilic substrate, probably because the substrate was trapped in the membrane. An analysis of other routine histochemical stains--in terms of the probable occurrence of high resin background staining and low tissue sensitivity--is made. A numerical guide is provided to help avoid artefacts resulting from hydrophobic and size effects. Note: small, hydrophilic reagents (log P less than 0; molecular weight less than 550 Da) are least likely to show either type of artefact. Conversely, reagents which are lipophilic, or/and of intermediate size (log P greater than 2; 550 less than ionic weight less than 1000 Da), give strong background staining.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Receptors for Helix pomatia agglutinin on normal and neoplastic lymphocytes -- a histochemical study using paraffin embedded tissue sections.

In order to investigate the distribution and significance of receptors for Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), paraffin sections from several reactive and 70 neoplastic lymphoid tissues were utilized for a histochemical study after neuraminidase treatment. Lymphocytes in the germinal center and thymic cortex were mostly negative for the receptors, while most of the lymphocytes in the thymus-dependent area, some of those in the primary follicle or in the marginal zone and most of the plasma cells in the medulla possessed the receptors on their surfaces. Nodular lymphomas, thymomas, and diffuse lymphoblastic lymphomas were mostly negative in contrast to the positive reaction in diffuse poorly differentiated lymphomas of B-cell type and plasmocytomas. Diffuse histiocytic lymphomas and diffuse mixed lymphocytic and histiocytic lymphomas occasionally possessed the receptors, irrespective of their immunological markers. Hodgkin's cells were negative on their surface, but were occasionally positive in their cytoplasms ans seen in case of histiocytes. From these results, HPA receptors could be neither T-cell nor B-cell differentiation marker. The possibility that HPA-receptor-negative lymphocytes may hav a quick turn-over rate or a short life span is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Disseminated Herpesvirus hominis (herpes simplex) infection: retrospective diagnosis by light and electron microscopy of paraffin wax-embedded tissues.

Disseminated Herpesvirus hominis infection had previously been reported from other parts of the world, but the disease was initially recognized at necropsy in Cape Town in 1957 (McKenzie, Hansen, and Becker, 1959).The present retrospective study established that the disease had been occurring before 1957 but that its aetiology had not been recognized. An awareness of the disease, together with an adequate knowledge of the clinical history, the morbid anatomy, and histology of the lesions, usually allows a confident diagnosis to be made.

Autopsy↗