Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TREPONEMA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ultrastructural aspects of infection with Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue (Pariaman strain).

OBJECTIVE: To study ultrastructural aspects of infection with Treponema pertenue (Pariaman strain), originating from West Sumatra, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy material originating from skin lesions in ten young children suffering from early infectious yaws in Indonesia, and rabbit testicular tissue inoculated with T pertenue. Human skin as well as rabbit testicular tissue was examined by means of conventional electron microscopy. RESULTS: In human skin, treponemes were found in interepidermal spaces in 5 out of 10 specimens. In two of five positive specimens, treponemes were also seen in the dermis. In one out of five specimens from rabbit testicular tissue a profusion of treponemes was found lying in the interstitial myxomatous tissue. Microorganisms showed no adhesion to fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: This ultrastructural study of T pertenue demonstrated the scarcity and focal distribution of treponemes in tissue and did not reveal any morphological differences from the Gauthier strain of T pertenue. No differences from the ultrastructure of T pallidum were observed either.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Factors affecting the survival of Treponema hyodysenteriae in dysenteric pig faeces.

Treponema hyodysenteriae was found to survive for periods of up to 48 days in dysenteric pig faeces stored at temperatures between 0 degree C and 10 degree C inclusive. Survival was reduced to seven days at 25 degree C and did not exceed 24 hours at 37 degree C. Dilution 1:10 with tapwater appeared to enhance survival to a maximum of 61 days at 5 degree C but further dilution reduced it. Drying and exposure to disinfectants rapidly eliminated T hyodysenteriae from dysenteric faeces. Phenolic and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants were most effective. The use of these findings in the formulation of control programmes for swine dysentery is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A disc growth-inhibition test for differentiating Treponema hyodysenteriae from other intestinal spirochaetes.

A disc growth-INHIBITION (GI) test was developed for differentiating Treponema hyodysenteriae from other intestinal spirochaetes. Tests with antisera against six spirochaetes, including two strains of T hyodysenteriae revealed four serological types among the six strains. The two strains of T hyodysenteriae represented one type. The test was specific in that there were no cross-reactions between the four types. Using antisera to two strains of T hyodysenteriae, it was possible to distinguish 11 strains isolated from cases of swine dysentery from nine other intestinal spirochaetes, seven from pigs, one from a cat and one from a chicken. The GI test seems to have potential as a simple, specific screening test for T hyodysenteriae.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of selective culture and serologic agglutination of Treponema hyodysenteriae for diagnosis of swine dysentery.

Samples of faeces and serum were collected from pigs of various ages on 21 farms. Faecal samples were cultured on trypticase soy agar containing 5% citrated bovine blood and 400 microgram per ml spectinomycin, incubated at 42 degrees C in Gaspak jars under an atmosphere of 80% hydrogen: 20% carbon dioxide. Antibody titres to Treponema hyodysenteriae were determined by a microtitration agglutination method using merthiolate-inactivated whole cell antigen prepared from a beta- haemolytic isolate. Results indicated that mean titres in pigs from which beta- haemolytic T hyodysenteriae was isolated were significantly higher than in pigs which yielded isolates of weak beta- haemolytic T innocens or in culturally negative pigs (P less than 0.0225). Mean titres of herds where beta- haemolytic T hyodysenteriae was isolated were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than the mean titres of either of the other two groups. However, mean titres of herds where no isolates were obtained were not significantly different from mean titres of herds where weak beta- haemolytic T innocens was isolated.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1980

Production of diarrhoea and dysentery in pigs by feeding pure cultures of a spirochaete differing from Treponema hyodysenteriae.

A weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaete, isolate P43/6/78, was isolated from a pig with diarrhoea and found not to fluoresce with a specific fluorescent antiserum to Treponema hyodysenteriae. Pure cultures of this spirochaete were used to inoculate experimental pigs. Diarrhoea, containing clear mucus, and, in one case, blood occurred in four of the eight animals inoculated. Colitis was present in six of the eight inoculated pigs at necropsy. Excess clear mucus and punctate haemorrhages were seen on the colonic mucosa and spirochaetes resembling isolate P43/6/78 were reisolated from the affected mucosa. The feed conversion efficiency and growth rate of affected pigs was reduced when compared with controls. Isolate P43/6/78 differed from T hyodysenteriae in its cultural, ultrastructural, biochemical and antigenic characters. On these grounds, and because of the clinical and pathological syndrome produced, it was considered to belong to a species other than T hyodysenteriae.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Identification of Treponema hyodysenteriae by a rapid slide agglutination test.

A rapid slide agglutination (SA) test was developed to identify the spirochaete Treponema hyodysenteriae, the causative organism of swine dysentery. The specificity of the antiserum was increased by a single absorption with two intestinal spirochaetes. Using this test, it was possible to identify 30 out of 31 spirochaetes which were beta-haemolytic and gave a positive reaction in growth inhibition (GI) tests with T hyodysenteriae antiserum. All except one of these spirochaetes were isolated from herds with a history of swine dysentery or suspected swine dysentery. The majority of the spirochaetes gave a rapid, strongly, positive reaction in the SA test but seven strains, although recognisably positive, reacted more weakly. Of 28 other spirochaetes which were weakly beta-haemolytic and did not react in GI tests with T hyodysenteriae antiserum, 27 were negative in the SA test. The remaining strain was autoagglutinable and thus could not be identified. The indole test correlated less well with the results of SA and GI tests. All 31 strains which were identified as T hyodysenteriae produced indole, but so did nine of the 28 other spirochaetes. The slide agglutination test is a potentially useful method for rapid identification of T hyodysenteriae.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of swine dysentery: spirochaetes which may be confused with Treponema hyodysenteriae.

Spirochaetes, designated PWS, microscopically resembling Treponema hyodysenteriae, were isolated from the colon contents of pigs with post-weaning scours from three herds, which on clinical and epidemiological grounds were thought to be free from swine dysentery. One of the isolates was fed to pigs experimentally but no evidence of disease was noted. Their cultural characteristics differed from those of T hyodysenteriae but they were similar to those of a non-pathogenic spirachaete (4/71) which had been isolated previously from the laboratory's dysentery-free herd. Smears prepared from cultures of the PWS spirochaete, 4/71 and two virulent and one avirulent strain of T hyodysenteriae were all positive to a fluorescent antibody test which was in use as an aid to the diagnosis of swine dysentery in the United Kingdom.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effects of glucosamine derivatives on the growth of cultivable Treponema.

The effects of glucosamine and its derivatives on the growth of Treponema phagedenis biotypes reiter and kazan 5 were studied to determine if these agents could act as growth stimulants for organisms of the genus Treptonema. Growth studies on the cultivable treponemes were conducted in culture tubes containing glucosamine, glucosamine derivatives, and (or) glucose and galactose in serum-based media. Glucosamine and N-phenylacetylglucosamine were definitely inhibitory to growth at the concentrations studied. N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) produced mixed effects.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1979

In vitro attachment of Treponema hyodysenteriae to mammalian epithelial cells.

The interaction between Treponema hyodysenteriae and isolated swine intestinal epithelial cells or mouse adrenal cells in culture was examined. Studies were performed in which treponemes were incubated with each type of anomal cell in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Coincubation was terminated at various time intervals, and the percentage of treponemal attachment evaluated by light microscopy. The extent of attachment was dependent on both incubation time and temperature. The mechanism of attachment to the animal cell surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Interaction of the parasite with the host cell did not appear to alter cellular morphology or result in changes of the cell surface at the site of attachment. Preference for a cellular site of attachment was not found.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

The role of respiratory protection on increased survival of Treponema pallidum (Nichols) when cocultivated with mammalian cells in vitro.

The ability of mammalian cells in tissue culture to protect against oxygen toxicity for Treponema pallidum was examined. Addition of catalase to the incubation medium enhanced T. pallidum survival when co-incubation was carried out under aerobic conditions. When co-incubation was carried out under 3% oxygen, catalase had no enhancing effect on survival despite the fact it was still highly stimulatory when T. pallidum was incubated under 3% oxygen in the same medium with no tissue culture cells present. Inactivation of the catalase present endogenously in the mammalian cells by the addition of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole largely eliminated the enhancing effect of mammalian cells on the survival of T. pallidum under 3% oxygen. Increasing the oxygen consumption of the host mammalian cells with 0.1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol enhanced T. pallidum under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions; a much greater effect was seen under aerobic conditions. The results indicated that mammalian cells offer significant protection against toxic oxygen reduction products for T. pallidum in vitro under microaerobic conditions.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1988

Locomotory characteristics of Treponema denticola.

Locomotion of pathogenic spirochetes has been suggested as a virulence factor in their pathogenesis. Little is known of the locomotory characteristics of oral anaerobic spirochetes. We have determined the optimal conditions for motility of seven strains of Treponema denticola in menstrua of different viscosities. The viscosity for optimum motility for all strains was found to be 9.57 centipoises at 25 degrees C. Under these conditions the average speeds for each strain was computed from the motility tracks as recorded by timed exposures under dark-field microscopy. Differences in speeds were found between the various strains. In addition, we have determined the "persistence" (direct distance/actual pathlength travelled) of cell movement of each strain. Interstrain differences were also noted. These locomotory characteristics contribute to the locomotory phenotypes of the various strains and therefore may aid in their characterization and provide an insight into locomotion as a virulence factor in periodontitis.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1990

Soluble factors from rabbit spleen cells kill and lyse Treponema pallidum in vitro.

Antibody and complement immobilize (kill) Treponema pallidum in vitro. Recent evidence also documents immobilization by soluble factors released by activated macrophages and lymphocytes. Immune-mediated lysis of treponemes, however, has not been reported. The findings in this paper focus on apparent treponemal lysis by rabbit splenic cell preparations. Using cells from animals infected testicularly for 9 to 12 days, unfractionated splenic preparations, as well as adherent and nonadherent preparations, killed and lysed T. pallidum. Phagocytosis alone could not explain the detrimental effects of adherent cells. When cytochalasin B was used to block phagocytosis, decreases in treponemal numbers were still detected. In related studies, immune rabbit sera did not enhance treponemicidal activity of the adherent cells. To assess the specificity of these reactions, T. pallidum was incubated with two monocyte-like cell lines (human U937 and mouse P388D1). Neither cell line was detrimental, and treponemal numbers were not lowered. The soluble nature of the treponemicidal factors from adherent and nonadherent preparations was shown by physically separating these cells from the organisms and demonstrating treponemal killing and lysis. In summary, clearance of T. pallidum from infected tissues is probably at least partially attributed to macrophage phagocytosis. Our findings suggest another mechanism involving lytic factors secreted by activated adherent and nonadherent cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Detection of Treponema pallidum in skin lesions of secondary syphilis and characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate.

BACKGROUND: Syphilis is an ancient sexually transmitted disease. However, the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis is not completely understood. METHODS: We analyzed the presence of Treponema pallidum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from mucocutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis using highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The inflammatory infiltrates from the same specimens are also characterized using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ten out of 24 (41.7%) specimens are T. pallidum positive using nested PCR, whereas none of them is T. pallidum positive using traditional silver staining. The presence of T. pallidum in the mucocutaneous lesions indicates that mucocutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis might be caused by direct T. pallidum invasion rather than by an allergic reaction. Furthermore, the majority of inflammatory infiltrating cells are CD45RO-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages, suggesting that cellular immunity plays an important role in the host reaction against T. pallidum infection in secondary syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cytoskeletal cytoplasmic filament ribbon of Treponema: a member of an intermediate-like filament protein family.

Development of genetic systems for many bacterial genera, including Treponema, now allow the study of structures that are specific to certain pathogens. The cytoplasmic filament ribbon of treponemes that is involved in the cell division cycle has a unique organization. Cytoplasmic bridging proteins connect the filaments, maintaining the distance between them and providing the overall ribbon-like structure. The filaments are anchored by proteins associated with the inner membrane. Each filament is composed of a unique monomer, the cytoplasmic filament protein A (CfpA), with coiled-coils secondary structures. CfpA is part of a growing family of proteins that we propose to call bacterial intermediate-like filaments (BILF).

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1976

Cellular and humoral immune response to guinea pig infected with Treponema pallidum.

Guinea pigs infected intradermally with Treponema pallidum Nichols strain were examined for the presence of lesions and for cellular and humoral response. Of the 26 guinea pigs (77%) demonstrated darkfield positive lesions between 6 and 20 days after infection. Animals divided into six groups of 4-5 in each were sacrificed between 2 and 24 weeks. The peritoneal exudate cells, obtained 4 days after injection of oil, were examined by the direct and the cells from lymphoid organs by the indirect capillary leukocyte migration method in the presence of 10 and 30 mug/ml of Reiter antigen. The peritoneal exudate cells responded with enhancement of leukocyte migration, reaching significant values between 6 and 24 weeks after injection. The cells from the lymphoid organs showed enhancement of leukocyte migration until the 4th week of infection. Treponemal antibodies, found in all animals, started to appear at the 4th week reaching a maximum titer at the 12th week after infection. The appearance of the antibodies correlated well (p less than 0.05) with the appearance of the enhancement of leukocyte migration. Wassermann antibodies were not detected throughout the 24 weeks of infection. The unique immune responses are discussed in view of the available data concerning natural acquired and experimental syphilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunization of guinea pigs with Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens reveals the presence of novel epitopes.

The DNA technology employed in the construction and purification of recombinant antigens has the potential of creating epitopes with specificities other than those of native antigens. Such a phenomenon has been observed when guinea pigs were immunized with Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens, TmpA and TmpB, expressed in Escherichia coli K12. Adsorption of the immune sera with E. coli K12 and T. pallidum revealed the presence of antibodies directed against epitopes not present or exposed in the native antigens of the organisms from which the DNA has been cloned.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparative in vitro susceptibility of Treponema pallidum to ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and penicillin G.

A procedure dating back to the early penicillin era is adapted in order to determine the activity of the new cephalosporins ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against Treponema pallidum in vitro. While the well-known activity of penicillin G is confirmed for the virulent Nichols strain (0.002 micrograms/ml lead to 50% immobilisation) the new cephalosporins turn out to be almost as efficacious. The concentration of ceftizoxime leading to 50% inhibition amounts to 0.004 micrograms/ml. The corresponding figure for ceftriaxone is 0.01 micrograms/ml. The potential importance of these findings for the treatment of syphilis in man are discussed.

Animals↗