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PubMed2006

Survey of U.S. Army commanders' experiences with brigade/battalion surgeons at Fort Hood, Texas.

This anonymous survey sent to every battalion and brigade commander at Fort Hood, Texas assessed the new concept of residency-trained operational physicians that had completed military unique curriculum series training. Commanders provided anonymous professional information about themselves and their assigned physicians and evaluated their physicians in 22 areas of medical and military competence using a linear scoring method from 2 (indicating poor) to 6 (indicating outstanding). Main effects and interaction effects were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance. The commanders' overall confidence in their physicians was 5.4, suggesting general satisfaction. Prior-service physicians were rated higher on several factors if the commander had combat experience. Non-prior-service physicians were rated the same on nearly all variables regardless of the commander's experience. Commanders with combat experience rated their assigned physicians significantly higher than did commanders without combat experience. Despite high ratings, several candid remarks suggest there is still room for improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Enteric pathogens in Mexican sauces of popular restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas.

BACKGROUND: The transmission of traveler's diarrhea is primarily foodborne. OBJECTIVE: To examine the level of microbial contamination of tabletop sauces found in Mexican-style restaurants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of Mexican sauces. SETTING: Mexican restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas, during the summer of 1998. MEASUREMENTS: 71 sauces from Guadalajara and 25 sauces from Houston were examined. The number of sauces contaminated with Escherichia coli, the median number of E. coli colonies per gram of sauce, and enteropathogens were identified. RESULTS: 47 of 71 sauces from Guadalajara were contaminated with E. coli versus 10 of 25 sauces from Houston (P = 0.03); the median number of E. coli colonies per gram of sauce was 1000 in the Guadalajara sauces versus 0.0 in the Houston sauces (P = 0.007). Among sauces from Guadalajara tested for diarrheogenic E. coli, 4 of 43 sauces contained enterotoxigenic E. coli and 14 of 32 contained enteroaggregative E. coli. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination with E. coli was common in samples of Mexican tabletop sauces from Guadalajara restaurants. These sauces commonly contained enteric pathogens.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2003

Resolution of futility by due process: early experience with the Texas Advance Directives Act.

Every U.S. state has developed legal rules to address end-of-life decision making. No law to date has effectively dealt with medical futility--an issue that has engendered significant debate in the medical and legal literature, many court cases, and a formal opinion from the American Medical Association's Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. In 1999, Texas was the first state to adopt a law regulating end-of-life decisions, providing a legislatively sanctioned, extrajudicial, due process mechanism for resolving medical futility disputes and other end-of-life ethical disagreements. After 2 years of practical experience with this law, data collected at a large tertiary care teaching hospital strongly suggest that the law represents a first step toward practical resolution of this controversial area of modern health care. As such, the law may be of interest to practitioners, patients, and legislators elsewhere.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed1990

Foot deformity of unknown etiology in a prehistoric skeleton from Texas.

An unusual foot deformity in an archaeological specimen from Oldham County, Texas, is presented. It is hoped that through description and radiographic and photographic examination the readers will be able to offer opinions concerning the frequency or possible etiology of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in feral swine from southern Texas.

Between 1971 and 1975, Fascioloides magna was found in 46 of 67 (69%) feral swine (Sus scrofa) in southern Texas. Flukes were recovered from swine in areas where F. magna commonly has been recovered from white-tailed deer and cattle. One to 12 flukes were recovered from each infected animal. Their presence was indicated by black hematin pigment on the liver and various other internal organs. Eggs were not detected in the gallbladder or feces of infected animals although mature flukes and eggs were recovered in the livers suggesting that, like cattle, feral swine can be infected but are aberrant hosts for the parasite and do not disseminate eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Blindness in a coyote, Canis latrans, from the rolling plains of Texas.

Gross and histopathologic lesions in the eyes of a blind coyote, Canis latrans, collected in King County, Texas are discussed. The animal was in good condition and its age estimated at 7 years. The left globe presented with a superficial corneal erosion, a small punctate erosion, and an apparent lenticular opacity. Histologically, there was a mild anterior uveitis and lenticular degeneration with thickening of the anterior lens capsule, cataractous cortex with Morgagnian globules and bladder cells, and a dense nucleus. The right eye was a firm phthistic globe with thickened extraocular muscles and opaque cornea. Histologically, this presented as an adherent leucoma with partial loss of intraocular contents (retina, iris, and lens), intraocular bone undergoing haematopoiesis, a small granulomatous lesion with foreign body adjacent to the optic nerve in the dural sheath, and gliosis of the optic nerve. The loss of this eye probably resulted from a penetrating injury of the globe with partial loss of intraocular contents. Lesions noted in the eye may be interpreted as an acquired lenticular degeneration of the complicated type.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cholelithiasis in the cottonrat, Sigmodon hispidus, from the high plains of Texas.

A high prevalence (71%) of gallstones was noted in free-ranging cottonrats, Sigmodon hispidus, collected from one site in Lubbock County, Texas. The gallbladder of affected animals was distended and filled with white, soft, friable, cholesterol gallstones of variable sizes. Focal hyperplasia of the epithelium and connective tissue layer of the gallbladder was evident in affected cottonrats. As the forage available to affected animals was different from that available to gallstone-free animals collected from other areas, this may be the cause of the higher prevalence of cholelithiasis in this population. The significance of this disease and possible use of the cottonrat as an experimental model are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Brucella abortus in coyotes. I. A serologic and bacteriologic survey in eastern Texas.

Prevalence of Brucella abortus serum antibodies in coyotes from east central Texas was determined by the buffered Brucella antigen (card test), rivanol, standard agglutination tube, and cold complement fixation tube tests. Eighteen percent (9 of 51) of the coyotes were positive serologically. B. abortus biotype 1 was isolated from various tissues from 7 of 43 coyotes by bacteriologic culture. Congenital transmission was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serological studies on sympatric Barbary sheep and mule deer from Palo Duro Canyon, Texas.

Sera were collected from 12 Barbary sheet (Ammotragus lervia) and 11 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) occupying sympatric ranges in Palo Duro Canyon, Texas. These were tested for leptospirosis, brucellosis, bovine virus diarrhea, anaplasmosis, vesicular stomatitis, bluetongue (BT), epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and coccidioidomycosis. Serologic reactors were found to IBR in 3 Barbery sheep, BT in 6 Barbary sheep and 6 mule deer and EHD in 3 Barbary sheep and 4 mule deer. Possible ramifications of evidence for these diseases in wild herbivore populations in this area are discussed.

Anaplasmosis↗
PubMed1980

Small mammals and white-tailed deer as possible reservoir hosts of Brucella abortus in Texas.

Four hundred sixty-eight wild mammals were collected from four ranches in Texas where Brucella-infected cattle herds are maintained, and examined as possible reservoir hosts for Brucella abortus. Seventy-one serums from five species were tested for Brucella antibodies. Liver and spleen from 453 mammals (14 species) were cultured for B. abortus. Results of the serologic and bacteriologic examination of rodents, opossums (Didelphis virginiana), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) did not provide evidence of an extrabovine reservoir of B. abortus.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Blood parasitemia in a south Texas wintering waterfowl population.

Eleven species of wintering waterfowl were trapped on the Welder Wildlife Foundation, San Patricio County, Texas, between October, 1976 and May, 1977. Blood films were made from 580 ducks. Leucocytozoon simondi, Haemoproteus nettionis, Plasmodium circumflexum, and a microfilaria were found in three species. These blood parasites occurred in 70 lesser scaups (Aythya affinis), 12 blue-winged teals (Anas discors), and 3 ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris). There was no difference in the rates of infection between the sexes of the three host species. Adult blue-winged teal and lesser scaup were more heavily infected than juveniles. Juvenile ring-necked ducks had more parasites than adults. Blood parasites were found in 85 of 580 ducks (14.6%) throughout the wintering period.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Helminths and ectoparasites of the common snipe (Capella gallinago L.) from Southwest Texas and Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado.

Sixty common snipe, (Capella gallinago), collected from Hudspeth County, Texas and 13 collected from Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado were examined for metazoan parasites. The parasites recovered were Cestoda: Amoebotaenia fuhrmanni, Haploparaxis brachyphallos, Haploparaxis crassirostris, Haploparaxis echinovatum, Haploparaxis sp., Hymenolepis calumnacantha, Hymenolepis sp. I, Hymenolepis sp. II; Trematoda: Cyclocoelum mutabile, Echinostoma revolutum, Tanaisia fedtschenkoi; Nematoda: Capillaria contorta, Cosmocephalus capellae, Tetrameres coloradensis; Acanthocephala: Arhythmorhynchus capellae; Mallophaga: Austromenopon duristosum and Rhynonirmus scolopacis. More species of parasites were recovered from fall migrants; (12), than from spring migrants, (10). The cestode Haploparaxis echinovatum was recorded from North America for the first time. The parasite fauna recorded in this study did show some concentration for dominance by Simpson's index (0.33). This parasite fauna was most similar to that reported by Schmidt from snipe collected in Northern Colorado (67%).

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1981

Elaeophorosis in Barbary sheep and mule deer from the Texas Panhandle.

Adult Elaeophora schneideri were recovered from the common carotid artery and its branches in 14 of 14 mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus, and 3 of 9 Barbary sheep or aoudads, Ammotragus lervia, from Palo Duro Canyon in the Texas Panhandle. Gross cutaneous lesions attributable to elaeophorosis in the Barbary sheep varied from small circumscribed scars up to 10 cm in diameter usually on the poll or orbital region to extensive proliferative irregular encrustations on the frontal, temporal and orbital regions, sometimes extending to the ears and muzzle. Individual lesions varied from slate-gray scarred areas to brown proliferative edematous and hyperemic encrustations, sometimes with depigmented pustules a few millimeters in diameter. Microscopic lesions ranged from granulation tissue to severe pyogranulomatous reactions with neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells as the primary infiltration. Foreign body giant cells and/or microfilariae were not observed. Microscopic changes in the carotid arteries and their branches were limited to small villous projections on the intimal surface apparently resulting from medial hyperplasia. Cutaneous lesions attributable to elaeophorosis were not observed in mule deer. Histopathologic lesions in the carotid arteries of mule deer were similar to those observed in Barbary sheep. The comparative pathology of elaeophorosis in various hosts is reviewed and discussed in terms of its pathology in Barbary sheep. The potential ramifications of this infection on the expanding aoudad population in the southwestern United States require that elaeophorosis be considered in the management of this species, particularly in areas with sympatric mule deer populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Avian cholera in common crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, from the central Texas panhandle.

An epornitic of avian cholera involving approximately 150 birds is described from a flock of common crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, on a single playa lake utilized as a roost in Castro County, Texas, during early spring of 1980. There was a concomitant epornitic of avian cholera involving several hundred ducks and geese of several species on adjacent lakes in he same area. Crows scavenged extensively on waterfowl carcasses. Gross and histopathologic lesions in waterfowl were typical of acute avian cholera. Crows had a more chronic form of the disease, especially neurological involvement with the most common lesion consisting of a hemorrhagic meningitis. Other endemic species from which Pasteurella multocida was isolated included the short-eared owl, Asio flammeus, and cottontail rabbit, Silvilagus sp. The role of crows in the dissemination and maintenance of avian cholera is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Notoedric mange in the bobcat, Felis rufus, from south Texas.

A fatal case of notoedric mange is described in an adult male bobcat, Felis rufus, from south Texas. This cat was extremely weak and emaciated. Skin lesions consisted of greatly thickened, gray encrustations and alopecia of the muzzle, eyes, crown, ears and parietal scalp extending down the neck to the midscapular region of the shoulders. Histologically, there was partial to complete excoriation of the stratum corneum with erosions into the stratum germinativum to the level of the dermis in some areas. Numerous specimens of Notoedres cati (Hering, 1838) were noted, usually in the stratum corneum, sometimes burrowing into the stratum germinativum. A mild dermal inflammatory response consisting principally of neutrophils and round cells was observed. Confirmed notoedric mange with clinical signs similar to the above was also observed by a local veterinarian in three bobcat kittens from the same area. These were treated with a sulfurated lime shampoo followed by VIP dip. Subsequently, they recovered without consequence. These cases emphasize the possibility of notoedric mange as a potential epizootic disease in wild felid populations.

Animals↗