Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STUTTERING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Considerations for conducting group intervention with adults who stutter.

With recent changing trends in healthcare delivery and reimbursement, the focus on more efficient and cost-effective intervention has become increasingly important. A summary of desired clinician skills and responsibilities reported in the literature are presented along with information on structuring group intervention. Preliminary findings and a rationale for conducting speech therapy in a group environment with several adults who suffer are presented. In addition, findings and perceptions gleaned from the authors' experience in conducting group treatment with persons who stutter are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The speech-language pathologist's role in stuttering self-help groups.

This article reviews definitions of self-help and support groups, describes some basic views that speech-language pathologists and self-help groups have of each other, then comments on ways in which professionals are relating to self-help groups. These comments are based on answers to a questionnaire distributed to a sample of speech-language pathologists who interact with self-help groups. It is recommended that speech-language pathologists should relate to the self-help movement in stuttering as consultants.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of stuttering and cluttering in adults with mental handicaps.

A survey (involving questionnaire, screening and assessment procedures) of 793 adults with mental handicaps revealed that 6.3% of the population had ideopathic dysfluencies. Issues in the differential diagnosis between stuttering, cluttering and other dysfluency are considered, and the contaminating factors involved in this diagnosis discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Aphasia, apraxia and neurogenic stuttering as complications of metrizamide myelography (speech deficits following myelography).

Aphasia following metrizamide myelography has been reported infrequently. During a seven-month period, we examined two patients who developed Broca's aphasia, apraxia of speech, oral-buccal-facial apraxia and neurogenic stuttering after intrathecal metrizamide administration. In each case, focal neurologic deficits were accompanied by clinical, electroencephalographic and radiologic signs of generalized neurologic disease. Serial speech and language evaluations initially revealed severe deficits that were largely resolved by the third day post-myelography. Out-patient follow-up examinations demonstrated persistence of mild speech and language abnormalities in each case. Our findings suggest that metrizamide may cause longlasting neurologic dysfunction.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1959

Instatement of stuttering in normally fluent individuals through operant procedures.

Normally fluent subjects were required to read from printed pages, and a recording was made of nonfluencies until a stable rate was established. A persistent shock was then introduced. Its cessation for a limited period was made contingent upon nonfluency. Chronic stuttering was instated and eliminated as a function of the change in stimulus.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Acquired stuttering: a motor programming disorder?

Acquired stuttering (AS) can follow unilateral right, left or bilateral hemispheric lesion, and can, but not necessarily, coexist with aphasia. In this paper we experimentally tested motor programming skills in a patient with AS of vascular origin. Motor programming consists in the structuration of the whole sequence of response prior to the onset of the first response element of a sequence of responses. Chronometric studies have shown that the time to initiate a sequence of manual responses is a function of the characteristics of the forthcoming sequence of responses. In our patient, reaction times involving single motor responses performed by right hand were within normal limit. On the contrary, when the task required a sequence of motor responses, there was a consistent difficulty in following the sequence: moreover, in the few correct sequences, reaction time analysis showed a lack of motor programming. It is suggested that AS could be the speech epiphenomenon of a more generalized disturbance of motor programming.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Tremor in stutterers.

The author investigated the subclinical tremor on the extremity muscles in stutterers at rest, without speaking. This tremor occurred in the native EMG record from the musculus abductor digiti quinti during isometric contraction. Because it occurred in a muscle not involved in speaking and moreover at rest, without speaking, the author excludes the possibility that it could be an increase in the amplitude of physiological tremor; she concludes that the cause of this tremor are changes in the function of the structures responsible for motor feedback, especially in the extrapyramidal and cerebellar field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of haloperidol on stuttering.

Haloperidol was compared with placebo in the treatment of 8 young adult stutterers in a double-blind crossover study involving 6 sequential observations over periods of 6 or 12 weeks. The drug was found to have a significant effect on the percentage of time subjects were dysfluent but not on the number of dysfluencies per minute. The authors discuss possible reasons for this finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Habits, tics, and stuttering. Prevalence and relation to anxiety and somatic awareness.

This study examines the prevalence of nervous habits, tics and stuttering in 256 college students, as well as the relationship between these behaviors and self-reported general anxiety and awareness of bodily sensations. Improving on previous studies, this study strengthens the operational definition of a nervous habit by using a more stringent operational definition, giving what is arguably a more valid set of prevalence statistics. Participants were asked to complete self-report measures of general anxiety and somatic awareness. Relationships were found between number of nervous habits and tics that participants endorsed and their self-reported awareness of bodily sensations, as well as between number of habits endorsed and self-reported general anxiety. This article concludes with suggestions for future research in the area of nervous habits and motor tics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Token reinforcement during the instatement and shaping of fluency in the treatment of stuttering.

The value of token reinforcement in the instatement and shaping of fluency was examined in an intensive treatment program for adult stutterers. Experiment 1 examined the effect of removing the tangible back-up reinforcers for the token system and found that clients' performance in the program was equally good with or without these back-up reinforcers, suggesting that a strict token economy may not be crucial to rapid progress through treatment. Experiment 2 compared contingent and noncontingent taken reinforcement, while controlling for some variables that may have confounded the results of earlier research, and found no difference in clients' performance. Experiment 3 examined the effect of the entire removal of token reinforcement. Performance was found to be no worse under a "no tokens" system than under a system of tokens with back-up reinforcers. It is argued that in a highly structured treatment program where many other reinforcers are operating, token reinforcement may be largely redundant. Clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

On token reinforcement and stuttering therapy: another view on findings reported by Howie and Woods (1982).

Howie and Woods (1982) have provided data that, they claim, indicate that a token reinforcement system is redundant in instating and shaping fluent speech within a stuttering treatment program developed by Ingham and Andrews (1973a, b). However, there were substantial procedural differences between the treatment programs referred to in both studies, as well as methodological weaknesses in Howie and Woods' study. These factors provide ample sources of explanation for Howie and Woods' failure to demonstrate benefits from their token reinforcement system.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1980

Utility of electromyographic biological feedback in chronic stuttering: a clinical study with follow-up.

A systematic case study is presented in which eight chronic adult stutterers underwent an electromyographic (EMG) biological feedback training program designed to reduce masseter muscle tension in an effort to improve fluency. All subjects mastered the program within 10 30-min. sessions. Measures of muscle tension and fluency indicated improvement at the end of treatment that were maintained at 3- to 6-mo. follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Stutterers' vocal reaction times to unilaterally presented high and low frequency verbs.

The current study investigated vocal reaction times of 11 stuttering participants to verbs with high and low frequencies of occurrence when these verbs were unilaterally visually presented. No significant main effects or interactions between stimuli and visual-half field were found. Reaction times were 16 msec. faster after right visual field presentations and the Pearson correlation coefficient between visual fields .71 (p=.02). These results were interpreted as suggesting that the left hemisphere was dominant for processing the current lexical items, findings which parallel those for normal speakers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Measurements of temperament in the identification of children who stutter.

As an empirical check on widely held stereotypes and some assumed temperament proclivities of children at risk for stuttering, parents of at-risk children and a gender- and age-matched control group completed the 'Parent Childhood Temperament Questionnaire for 3-7-Year-Olds'. A discriminant analysis on the nine temperament dimensions revealed four dimensions which combined to discriminate significantly between the two groups, resulting in correct classification of 86.36% of the 22 children. The t-tests of difference on the four discriminating dimensions revealed that 'Mood', 'Adaptability', and 'Rhythmicity' were statistically significant in the direction of more positive temperament for at-risk children than for the control group. Results are discussed with respect to aetiology, stereotype, and the need for clinicians to focus parents on concrete behaviours when reporting on the emotional and behavioural style of their child.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

The use of clinical measures in the Lidcombe Programme for children who stutter.

This paper aims to demonstrate how the speech measures which are collected to inform the therapy process also have the potential to evaluate clinical change and effectiveness. Certain methodological issues pertinent to evaluating therapy for early stuttering are raised and the clinical measures that are a part of the Lidcombe Programme (Onslow 1993) are discussed in relation to these. Reference to a single case study is made to demonstrate how the measures contribute to clinical decision-making. Some initial results of the authors' use of the Lidocombe Programme in the UK is outlined.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Developmental stuttering.

Pediatricians often are the first health care professional parents turn to when they are concerned their child may be stuttering. At this point, the pediatrician can direct parents to a number of available resources for more information and also can provide referral to a speech-language pathologist who has undergone graduate training and received certification in speech-language pathology.

Child, Preschool↗