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Results for “SIZE PERCEPTION”

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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A large rectangle delays the perception of a separate small rectangle.

Deciding whether two objects, rather than one, are present takes longer for large-small and small-large pairs of rectangles than for large-large and small-small pairs of rectangles. This large-small slowdown was eliminated when the large rectangle was slightly modified, when the large and small rectangles were contiguous, or when the task was to identify the large rectangle. However, it did occur when the task was to identify the small rectangle. These results suggest that the large rectangle delayed the perception of the small rectangle. Codes for features did not cause this delay. Instead, the evidence indicates that each rectangle evoked its own superordinate code, and that the large-rectangle superordinate code produced the gestalt of a large rectangle and also inhibited the small-rectangle superordinate code, thereby delaying the perception of the gestalt of a small rectangle. Thus, superordinate codes may also be the direct cause of other gestalts and their associated perceptual outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The representation of extendedness in children's drawings of sticks and discs.

Piaget has suggested that the reason why children find it difficult to draw foreshortened views is because they lack any conscious awareness of their own viewpoint. Instead, it is proposed that most of these difficulties derive from the constraints of drawing as a representational system: for example, although a round region shows a true view of a foreshortened stick, it is unsatisfactory as a representation. To test between these alternative proposals, 4-, 7-, and 12-year-olds were asked to draw sticks and discs in foreshortened and nonforeshortened positions. As predicted, fewer 7- and 12-year-olds used a round region to represent a foreshortened stick, compared with children of the same age who used a long region to represent a foreshortened disc. In addition, the 12-year-olds used a different and more effective denotation system compared with the 7-year-olds.

Art↗
PubMed1979

[Psychopathology and the dynamics of cenestopathy in schizophrenia].

A total of 75 schizophrenic patients with cenesthopathic disturbances aged from 18 to 69 years and with a disease duration of 2--42 years were examined. The paper deals with studies on psychopathological traits of cenesthopathia and structurally related symptomatology in different stages of schizophrenia. The studied forms of schizophrenia were characterized by a systematization of cenesthopathias and were differentiated from somatoneurological sensations, pathological sensations, and hallucinations of general sensations. The studies on the psychopathological nature of cenesthopathia permitted to classify it as an independent syndrome in the clinical picture of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Putting properties of objects in context: reply to Nickerson.

Nickerson argued that "the properties of both the immediate stimulus and the set of possibilities are important determinants of performance," as if these are separate and independent things. However, there cannot be relations that are separate from the properties that compose them. My studies demonstrate that similarity relations are important to performance. The question here is whether properties of the presented stimulus, independent of these relations, are also important to performance. There currently seems to be no evidence that they are.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed2004

Discrepancies in body image perception among fourth-grade public school children from urban, suburban, and rural Maryland.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between body image perception and weight status as measured by the body mass index among a group of fourth graders in Maryland. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data on height, weight, and body image were collected in the classroom. At risk for being overweight and being overweight designations were assigned to participants with body mass index (BMI) percentile values for age and sex of >/=85 to <95 and BMI >/=95, respectively. Students selected a figure (range 1 to 7) to represent their current and ideal images. SUBJECTS: The subjects of this study were 524 fourth-grade public school students (54% girls; 61% white; mean age, 9.2 years) from three geographically distinct regions in Maryland (38.6% urban, 30.7% suburban, 30.7% rural). Statistical analyses chi(2) tests were used to compare weight status with sex, race, geographic location, and body image discrepancy categories. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare BMI and body image scores with sex and race/ethnicity to geographic location. RESULTS: Thirteen percent of students were overweight, and 15% were at risk of overweight. There was no association between weight status and race, body image perception, or geographic location. African Americans chose larger figures than whites and other races to represent their current and ideal images and were most satisfied with their body size. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of body image are formed early in life. Dietitians can provide guidance on appropriate weight and body size to children, parents, and school professionals. Dietitians can also use their influence to secure funding for nutrition education programs.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1999

[Sensory receptors on oral thickness sensation].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the receptors connected with oral thickness perception. Twenty dentate volunteers participated in this study. The right second premolars were selected as test teeth. The thickness perception test was performed using aluminum foil. The experimental conditions were: 1) two types of occlusal contact positions; intercuspal position and teeth contact position of a single pair, 2) two types of closing velocities: "slow closure" and "fast closure" which were synchronized with 50 and 150/min metronome, and 3) application of local anesthesia to test teeth. The number of incorrect assessments for all trials and the proportion of correct assessments for actual trials were used for analysis. There were significant increases of incorrect assessments below 200 microns in "slow closure" at teeth contact position of a single pair. The minimum thickness of 80% of correct assessment was 100 microns both with and without anesthesia in "fast closure" at teeth contact position of a single pair. There were significantly fewer incorrect assessments in "fast closure" than in "slow closure" with anesthesia at teeth contact position of a single pair. These findings suggest that the closing velocity may influence oral thickness perception.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Striking absence of long-lasting effects of early color deprivation on monkey vision.

A monkey (Macaca fascicularis) spent its first three months under far red illumination that made color vision impossible. It developed normal spectral sensitivity. In the present study we examined two aspects of color vision that presumably reflect cortical connectivity. In the first part of this article we show that chromatic induction was also unaffected: a blue surrounding made a gray target appear to be yellow to the monkey. At five months of age, the deprived monkey did not readily use color to recognize objects, although it was able to do so if necessary. In the second part of this article we show that, as an adult, the monkey was quite willing to use color to categorize objects. We conclude that early color deprivation does not result in long lasting deficits in color vision.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

A neural model of the interaction of tectal columns in prey-catching behavior.

Building on a simple model of a tectal column as the unit of processing in the amphibian tectum, we conduct a computer analysis of the interaction of a linear array of such columns. The model suggests that the inhibitory and excitatory activity in the tectum may have three functions: 1) spatio-temporal facilitation of column activity to a moving stimulus; 2) preference for the head of the stimulus, probably to avoid possible defensive reactions of the prey; and 3) modulating the state of excitation of the column once it has produced a response. The model also shows that the spatio-temporal effects of excitation and inhibition increases the acuity of the animal to the direction of the prey, through processes similar to lateral inhibition.

Animals↗