Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SHEEP”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Vaccination of sheep against Aujeszky's disease with a gI-deleted mutant].

The use of gl deleted live vaccines against Aujeszky's disease (AD) facilitates to differentiate vaccinated from field-virus infected animals. In this study different modes of vaccination were tried to find out how sheep can be protected from a lethal infection with ADV. It could clearly be demonstrated that Aujeszky disease virus (ADV) is spread by horizontal transmission from infected pigs to sheep. The nasal discharges of infected pigs contained a maximum of 10(8.75)TCID50/g mucus at days 3 and 4 p.i. and those of the contact-pigs 10(8.5)TCID50/g mucus at days 6 and 7 after contact. Non-vaccinated contact sheep were infected horizontally by the pigs. The highest titres ranged from 10(6.25) to 10(7.5)TCID50/g mucus. These animals were sacrificed at day 5 p.i. exhibiting acute symptoms of AD. The nasal discharge of vaccinated sheep contained much lower amounts of ADV (maximum: 10(4.25)TCID50/g mucus). All surviving animals had developed antibodies. Following challenge with the ADV-strain NIA3, no febrile response or virus-shedding was observed in sheep vaccinated 2x s.c. or 2x i.m. with a gl deleted live vaccine, whereas sheep, vaccinated only 1x i.m. (4 out of 4 animals) or 1x i.m. (3 out of 4 animals) or 1x i.n. and 1x i.m. (1 out of 4 animals) had to be sacrificed after showing acute symptoms of AD. In conclusion it can be stated that a double parental vaccination with a gl deleted live vaccine protects sheep against a field-virus AD infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fibrinogen-degrading proteins from Haemonchus contortus used to vaccinate sheep.

Sixteen nonsibling sheep, approximately 12 months old, that were raised in a helminth-free environment, were used for 2 protection studies 6 months apart. Sheep were vaccinated weekly for 5 weeks by IM injection of fibrinogen-degrading proteins derived from the intestinal tract of adult Haemonchus contortus. Ten days after the last vaccination, sheep were given 2,500 infective H contortus larvae by intraruminal injection. Vaccinated sheep produced specific antibodies, and were protected from the worm challenge. Significant differences in mean fecal worm egg counts for 56 days after worm challenge, in mean numbers of H contortus worms, and female fecundity ratios at necropsy were detected in vaccinated sheep, compared with those in control sheep. These data suggest that the fibrinogen-degrading proteins have a protective role in vaccination of sheep against H contortus.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2004

Poisoning in sheep from the ingestion of fruits of Erythroxylum argentinum.

Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of an unreported plant poisoning are described in sheep from southern Brazil. The disease occurred during the summer of 2003/2004 in 173 crossbred sheep with morbidity, mortality and lethality rates respectively of 31.8%, 8.1%, and 25.5%. Affected sheep were reluctant to move; when forced to walk they had stiff uncoordinated gaits, dragged their toes and bumped into objects in their path. When standing they assumed a wide base position with the legs widely spread apart. Increased respiratory rates, laborious breathing and cyanosis were marked in affected sheep that died. The experimental feeding of 2 sheep with the fruits of Eythroxylum argentinum reproduced the clinical disease. Except for consistent findings of distended bladder and the presence of E. argentinum undigested seeds in the abomasum and rumen in 4 necropsied sheep, no significant necropsy and histopathological findings were found. It was concluded that the ingestion of fruits of E. argentinum was the cause of this disease in sheep.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

The serologic prevalence of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) complement-fixing antibodies in the Peninsular bighorn sheep of Southern California.

Q fever is a rare illness in the Southern California desert. During the past 34 years only 6 patients have been diagnosed with the disease at the Eisenhower Medical Center, a referral center for much of the desert and surrounding mountains. In all but 2 instances, Q fever was identified in patients who have been in contact with imported domestic sheep who are brought to the desert to graze and lamb in the fall and winter. The sheep are sent back to Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana in the spring. With frequent infection by Coxiella burnetii established in domestic sheep, we elected to study the prevalence of complement fixing antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in native bighorn sheep who reside in the lower levels of the mountains surrounding the desert. From 1992 to 1999, of 268 serum samples drawn from male and female lambs and adult sheep, 27 tested positive (10%), which is strikingly low when compared with Dall sheep in Alaska (12 of 15), kangaroos, wild rabbits, and brown rats. Because changes have been made in Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat since the animals were listed as endangered in 1998, further follow-up in Q fever serology testing will be of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A field trial to evaluate a whole cell vaccine for the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goat flocks.

A field trial to evaluate a whole cell vaccine for the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and goats was performed in one goat herd and one sheep flock over a period of three years. In goats, there was a nonstatistically significant trend for fewer cases of CLA in the vaccinated animals compared to the controls. In sheep, from six months to 36 months postinitial vaccination, the proportion of vaccinated sheep that developed CLA was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than in the control sheep. The antibody titers to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as detected by microagglutination assay were significantly different (p less than 0.0001) at all times except at the initial vaccination. Swellings occurred at the vaccination site at an incidence level of 29.6% in goats and 34.1% in sheep. The vaccine appeared to be efficacious in reducing the proportion of sheep that developed CLA when challenged naturally in a field situation.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Sulfur-induced polioencephalomalacia in sheep: some biochemical changes.

The effect of high dietary sulfur (S) supplementation on blood thiamine (B1) concentration, biochemical indices of liver, muscle and kidney damage and selected plasma electrolytes was studied in six sheep. Three of these sheep received an additional 230 mg thiamine/kg diet (Group 2). After approximately 2.5-3 weeks on this diet, all three sheep in the non-B1-supplemented group (Group 1) showed loss of appetite and developed mild neurological signs: depression, intermittent signs of excitation and head pressing. Increases in blood B1 concentration and plasma creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed during this time in all affected animals. Clinical signs lasted only for two to five days. Sheep in group 2 were clinically normal throughout the experiment, but all of these animals also had elevated blood B1 concentrations and plasma CK activity at the 3 wk sampling. Plasma magnesium concentrations of group 1 sheep were elevated at the 2.5-3 wk and 6 wk samplings but they declined significantly (p less than 0.05) to low normal levels thereafter. Magnesium concentrations of group 2 sheep were low at the beginning but progressively increased during the course of the experiment. At necropsy, brain lesions suggestive of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) were observed in all sheep but were most marked in group 1. It is speculated that PEM may be caused by a direct toxic effect of S, S metabolites or B1 antimetabolites in the brain rather than by an in vivo B1 deficiency per se.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antibody profiles by EITB and ELISA of cattle and sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica.

In evaluating potential mechanisms of immunity in fascioliasis we compared the time-course analysis of the antibody responses between a resistant (cattle) and a susceptible model (sheep). Sera from sheep and cows experimentally infected with F. hepatica were reacted with both somatic (FhWWE) and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens in order to evaluate the antibody repertoires in the 2 different hosts. Analysis of these sera by ELISA showed a significant increase in antibody levels by 2 wk in most infected cattle using both somatic and ES antigens, whereas with most infected sheep antibodies are not clearly detected until week 4. By EITB, both infected sheep and cows recognize major somatic polypeptides in a molecular weight range of 30-38 kDa by 8 wk. Cattle recognized 3 additional major antigens of 56, 64, and 69 kDa as early as 6 wk. Various polypeptides of 20-25 kDa are prominently detected by most sheep and very faintly, if at all, by the cow sera. The sera from both sheep and cows also identify ES polypeptides of 20-28 kDa. The patterns of polypeptides recognized by sheep infected with S. mansoni and challenged with F. hepatica in EITB are almost identical to those with a simple F. hepatica primary infection. No significant differences were detected in the antibody kinetics in ELISA between these 2 groups. Differences and similarities between these models could eventually help determine which antibodies may be predictive of resistance or susceptibility in fascioliasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical pathology of experimental Schistosoma curassoni infections in sheep and goats.

The clinical pathology of Schistosoma curassoni infection in sheep and goats was studied for 22 weeks following experimental infection with 7000 and 4000 cercariae, respectively. Excretion of eggs began at week 7 after infection: in goats the numbers increased to 30 to 50 eggs per gram faeces (epg) at weeks 8 to 18, followed by a reduction. In a pregnant goat, epg values increased markedly before and after parturition. The mean faecal egg counts in sheep were lower than in goats, increasing to a maximum level of 30 epg at weeks 16 and 17 after infection. Infected sheep maintained growth rates roughly comparable with controls, whereas infected goats failed to gain as much weight as the controls. Infected goats and sheep produced eosinophil counts of about 3 x 10(3) mm-3, five and eight weeks after infection, respectively. Sheep developed a progressive anaemia from week 11 after infection, in goats blood values remained within normal limits. Differences in serum protein concentration were observed between infected and uninfected goats about nine weeks after infection, but not in sheep. Increased total protein values, hyperglobulinaemia and lowered albumin to globulin ratios were features of infected goats. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin were not significantly changed. The mean recovery in sheep was 608 worms, in goats 428 worms, but the total tissue egg counts were higher in the latter. Of the total eggs deposited in the goats 92 per cent were found in the liver with 51.5 per cent in the ovine liver. The histopathological changes were studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intracellular distribution of copper in the liver of normal and copper loaded sheep.

Thirteen sheep were dosed repeatedly with copper sulphate in order to induce chronic copper poisoning. Twelve similar sheep acted as controls. Three dosed sheep were killed before haemolysis, six at haemolysis and four after cessation of the haemolytic crisis. The subcellular distribution of Cu, Zn, Fe and lysosomal marker enzymes was investigated in the livers of normal sheep and copper loaded sheep. In control sheep the highest concentration of Cu was in the nuclear fraction. Copper loading increased the concentration of Cu in all fractions. The proportion of Cu in the nuclear fraction continued to increase while that in the heavy mitochondrial fraction decreased. Significant increase in lysosomal enzymes along with electron microscopic studies on pellets of fractions indicated: (a) proliferation of lysosomes, (b) possible localisation of Cu in lysosomes, and (c) sedimentation of the denser lysosomes on N and MH fractions in test sheep with the majority being in the N fraction. Thus the increase in Cu observed in the N fraction is at least partly due to the storage of Cu by lysosomes which sediment with the heavier nuclei. The excessive deposition of Cu in lysosomes and nuclei may lead to cell damage. With increase in hepatic Cu concentration the proportion of Zn and Fe in the cytosol decreased.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. I. Oestrus ovis in sheep.

Separate groups of 3 oestrid-free lambs were exposed to infestation on irrigated pasture for periods of approximalely 33 days each over30 months, and on dry-land pasture for approxomately 42 days over a period of 18 months. With some exceptions, the lambs slaughtered from October-June were found to be infested with Oestrus ovis while, with one exception, those slaughtered from July-September were free. A minimum of 4 sheeps' heads, obtained weekly over 24 months from the Pretoria Municipal Abattoir, was examined for infestation. Of a total of 542 heads examined, 73,4% were infested, having a mean burden of 15,2 larvae. Mean larval burdens were slightly greater in hornless than in horned sheep in Dorper-type than in Merino-type sheep, and in lambs than in sheep with 2 or more permanent incisors. The largest larval burdens were recovered from sheep slaughtered during May and June and the smallest during September and October. The greatest number of 1st instar larvae were recovered during May and June and the smallest during September, but those recovered during the latter month were the largest. With one exception, mature larvae which pupated after 21 March or before 16 August failed to hatch as viable flies. Those which pupated after 16 August hatched as flies after a pupal stage of approximately 50 days and the first flies to hatch were invariably recovered during the first 2 weeks of October. The pupal stage decreased to approximately 25 days during December and January and increased again to approximately 50 days for flies hatching during May. No flies hatched between 18 May and 1 Cctober. The following life cycle ofr Oestrus ovis is suggested: sheep are repeatedly infested from October-June; thereafter infestation survives in the sheeps' heads until August, mainly as 1st instar larvae, then as pupae and larvae until fresh infestation takes place during October.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Efficacy of albendazole against Fascioloides magna in sheep.

Sheep experimentally infected with Fascioloides magna were used in a controlled study to determine the flukicide activity of different doses of albendazole (methyl [5(propylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate). Sheep, about 4 months old, were inoculated with 100 metacercariae of F magna and treated with the various doses of albendazole 10 weeks later. At 6 weeks after treatment, the sheep were necropsied, flukes were recovered and measured, and the pathologic changes were recorded. The sheep were given different doses of albendazole (5, 7.5 [single dose or double dose], 10, and 15 mg/kg) and were compared with both nontreated inoculated and nontreated noninoculated controls. There were up to 70% fewer worms recovered in the group given 2 doses of 7.5 mg/kg than there were in the nontreated controls. There was also a significant reduction in flukes recovered in the groups given the 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/kg doses. Because a single F magna fluke has the potential to kill a sheep, it is imperative to consider the number of sheep with no flukes after treatment. According to that criterion, 50% of the sheep were protected at dose rates of 7.5 (single dose, double dose), 10, and 15 mg/kg of body weight.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1983

Coexistence of pulmonary adenomatosis and progressive pneumonia in sheep in the central sierra of Peru.

A survey of sheep with chronic respiratory tract disease was conducted in the central sierra of Peru. Histopathologic examinations coupled with an agar-gel immunodiffusion test for ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) revealed that sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and OPP were present in these flocks. Of 80 sheep examined, 22 had lesions of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis, and 4 had metastases to regional lymph nodes. Four sheep had lesions consistent with OPP and 9 had lesions indicating the coexistence of both diseases. The agar-gel immunodiffusion test revealed that at least 26% of the sheep had been exposed to the OPP (or an antigenically similar) virus. A variety of other respiratory tract diseases complicated the evaluations of these sheep, including verminous pneumonia, hydatid disease, lung abscesses, and other nonspecific acute and chronic pneumonias.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Leukemia in sheep on a state farm].

Leukosis was diagnosed in a flock of sheep. It was studied epizootiologically, clinically, morphologically, virologically, and serologically in the course of two years. Fifteen sheep manifested clinical symptoms of the disease. Involved were the lymph nodes (superficial, skeletal, and visceral), liver, spleen, heart, and kidneys. Histologically, there were diffuse or limited lymphoid cell proliferations, some of them showing small unreactive cell elements. Sixty-two out of 160 serologically studied sheep showed in their sera antibodies against the virus of bovine leukosis as established by means of the agglutination immunodiffusion test. The leukosis virus was obtained from lymphocyte cultures isolated from infected sheep. It was used in the production of an antigen. A specific precipitation line was produced in the interaction between the sheep leukotic antigen and the bovine leukotic serum in the agglutination immunodiffusion test. Such data spoke of the antigenic similarity between the virus isolated from leukotic sheep and the virus isolated from leukotic cattle. The slaughterhouse inspection of 157 clinically normal sheep revealed tumoral lesions in 4 more animals. The changes were seen in the lymph nodes. No such changes were observed in the parenchymal organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Parasitemia and tissue infection in sheep fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in blood and other tissues of nine adult sheep experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts was studied by inoculation of mice with ovine tissues. Parasitemia was detected in five sheep 6 to 11 days after inoculation (DAI) and lasting usually for 1 to 2 days. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from numerous internal organs of five sheep killed between 7 and 28 DAI and from eight organs of a sheep killed 64 DAI. Of the three sheep killed 117, 118, and 119 DAI, T. gondii was isolated only from brain, heart, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and intestine. Skeletal muscle was infected in all sheep. More mice became infected after inoculation with chronically infected tissues digested in 1% trypsin than undigested tissues. Results indicate that skeletal muscle and brain should be used for parasitological surveys in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Birth difficulties in sheep and goats--evaluation of patient outcome from seven lambing periods in an obstetrical clinic].

The incidence of parturition difficulties from 239 sheep and 21 does from the last seven lambing periods was recorded at a clinic for obstetrics. Without exception the does were housed under extensive conditions by hobby-breeders. The sheep also originated predominantly from hobby-breeders and in a smaller amount from professional breeders, both practising extensive housing. The incidence of manual deliveries (m.d.) in both species was lower (39.3% in sheep; 42.8% in does) than that of caesarean sections (c.s; 57.3% in sheep; 47.7% in does). In a small amount the obstetrics were solved via fetotomy. The practical proceedings concerning the different methods of therapies including analgesia, surgical approaches and postoperative treatments are described. In sheep ringwomb was the dominating reason for dystocia for m.d. (43.5%) as well as for c.s. (73.7%), followed by obstetrics due to fetal abnormal presentation and/or position or posture (25.2% m.d.; 1.1% c.s.), secondary oversized fetuses due to postmortal emphysema and edema (19.1% m.d.; 10.7% c.s.), followed by primary relative or absolute oversized fetuses (1.0% m.d.; 4.8% c.s.) and simultaneously presentation of multiple fetuses (4.2% m.d.). Other causes of dystocia remained scarce (i.e. uterine torsion, hydrallantois, abdominal or perineal hernia). There rested an amount of sheep (7.1%) with preterm s.c. because of continuous pressure and pain symptoms followed by infections or injuries of the prolapsed vagina and/or rectum, pregnancy toxemia and other reasons. The main indication for fetotomy in sheep were fetuses with postmortal edema and emphysema (80.0%), deformity of the kids (20.0%) respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Serological evidence of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus infection in a sheep.

A six month-old sheep was entered into a control group in an experiment designed to study the effects of exposure to the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Anti-BIV antibodies were detected in the serum of this sheep prior to the start of the study; these antibodies persisted for 12 months at which time the animal was destroyed. The sheep was normal clinically and was grossly normal at postmortem examination. Blood from this sheep was inoculated into a recipient sheep which subsequently showed a transient anti-BIV antibody response beginning two months postinoculation. Sheep have been previously shown to produce anti-BIV antibodies after experimental inoculation with infected cell culture material or infected bovine blood and BIV infection was found in a sheep pastured with BIV-infected cattle. In the present case there was no contact with cattle; the source of the infection was not identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Artificial transmission of Bolo disease in woolled sheep and attempted characterisation of the causative unclassified Corynebacterium sp.

Bacterial isolates (n = 38) previously cultured from sheep with Bolo disease were compared bacteriologically with known Corynebacterium spp. and Actinomyces spp. The isolates did not conform to any previously described species but closely resembled C. pseudodiptheriticum and C. urealyticum. More comprehensive tests are needed to classify this Corynebacterium sp. Bacterial cultures of this unclassified Corynebacterium sp. were used artificially to induce Bolo disease in Dohne Merino sheep (n = 20). Ten sheep were kept at Middelburg in the Cape Midlands (Northern Cape) under arid conditions and another 10 at Queenstown in the Eastern Cape in a more humid climate. Two suspensions containing 2.8 x 10(5) Corynebacterium sp. (inoculum A) and 2.8 x 10(9) Corynebacterium sp. (inoculum B) respectively were used to infect each sheep on 9 different sites on the skin. One sheep died during the course of the experiment. Corynebacterium sp. established itself on 81 out of 171 inoculation sites of the remaining sheep and caused typical lesions of Bolo disease, clinically and pathologically. Bolo disease lesions developed slowly over 175 days at Middelburg and 287 days at Queenstown. Weather conditions were unfavourable to the development of fleece-rot and mycotic dermatitis. No difference was seen in lesion development between rams and ewes or between sheep with 5 months' wool growth and those which were shorn before inoculation. More lesions developed with the higher concentration of inoculum B (49 sites positive) as compared to inoculum A (32 sites positive).

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1997

Oestrid head maggots in slaughtered sheep in Cairo abattoir.

Oestrosis or infestation of sheep, goats, ibex, argali and sometimes man with Oestrus ovis maggots is a real problem in sheep-farming areas allover the world. Parasitism in sheep may be benign, the majority of cases do not terminate fatally, but death may come within a week after appearance of aggravated symptoms. In man, ophthalmomyiasis (sometimes nasopharyngeal) may be benign to destruction of the eye ball or the entire eye in misdiagnosis. In the present study, examination of 1200 slaughtered sheep heads at Cairo abattoir, showed 104 (8.67%) infested with O. ovis maggots. Sheep were parasitized all the year round with more or less maximum number (12.5%) in September. The sex ratio of parasitized sheep (female to male) was 1:2.71. A total of 556 maggots were recovered allover the year with a peak in March (12.6%). The peak for the first instar larvae recovered was September (17.4%), for the second instar was March (15.7%) and for the third instar was June (11.6%). Older sheep were more infested (12.0%) with oestrosis than smaller ones (6.87%). The whole results were discussed.

Abattoirs↗