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PubMedDate not supplied

[Deciduous dentition and orthognathodontic prevention. 2].

One of the main factors in the prevention of malocclusion is the preservation of healthy primary dentition until the time of normal shedding. By this contribution the Authors describe the restorative procedures and the pulp and canal treatments to be applied in deciduous dentition as well as the clinical and therapeutic problems connected with the early loss and the abnormal persistence of deciduous teeth. These therapeutic measures, in addition to caries prevention, have a very important role in the promotion of the normal development of occlusion.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histological observations of teeth and peridental tissues in cleidocranial dysplasia imply increased activity of odontogenic epithelium and abnormal bone remodeling.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a heritable generalized bone dysplasia presenting with a variety of dental abnormalities. To delineate morphological features of the dental tissues, we have analyzed histologically the structure of teeth and peridental tissues obtained from four CCD patients. Dentin appeared regular, except when formed in response to caries, physiological attrition or root resorption. Both acellular and cellular cementum were present in deciduous teeth, whereas in permanent teeth, cellular cementum was virtually lacking and acellular cementum was partially hyperplastic. Enamel pearls were seen in the furcations of one deciduous and one permanent molar. The roots of most deciduous teeth were resorbed only to a slight extent. Morphologically, supernumerary teeth resembled their normal counterparts. Denticles as well as epithelial cell clusters were occasionally present in the root pulps of deciduous teeth. In the peridental tissues, epithelium was locally abundant, and the cytokeratin profile confirmed its odontogenic origin. While the organization pattern of the alveolar bone matrix related to unshed deciduous teeth and unerupted permanent teeth varied, woven bone was abundant. Both formative and resorption surfaces were seen. Also, reversal lines were prominent, suggesting that the bone had, in fact, undergone remodeling. While no direct association between the aberrant bone morphology and the multifarious histological abnormalities of dental tissues can be established, the local abundance of odontogenic epithelium in peridental tissues of developing/unerupted as well as fully developed teeth may be causally related to the formation of excess acellular cementum, enamel pearls and supernumerary teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two-year follow-up study of Procera-ceramic fixed partial dentures.

PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether a machine-fabricated titanium fixed partial denture veneered with a low-temperature fused porcelain is an acceptable treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study originally included 25 patients with 37 fixed partial dentures of three to seven units, with a total of 151 units including 98 abutments. A clinical examination using the California Dental Association quality evaluation system and radiologic examination and registration of complications was conducted at the time of insertion and after 1 and 2 years. RESULTS: After 2 years, 123 units (including 80 abutments) remained for examination. Twenty-eight units (including 18 abutments) were lost during the follow-up period. The losses were because of drop-out (eight cases), root fracture (two cases), caries (six cases), and periodontitis (two cases). One fixed partial denture fractured after 18 months and was therefore remade. In all, porcelain fractures occurred in two patients, both with severe parafunctional habits. At baseline, the California Dental Association rating system for marginal integrity was "excellent" for 72 abutments and "acceptable" for 26 abutments. At the 2-year follow-up the corresponding rating was "excellent" for 46 abutments, "acceptable" for 30 abutments, and "not acceptable" for four abutments. The latter marginal defects were corrected with restorations. For surface and color the corresponding ratings were "excellent" for 137 units and "acceptable" for 14 units at baseline, and "excellent" for 80 units and "acceptable" for 43 units at the 2-year follow-up. Bleeding index increased from 24% at baseline to 33% after 2 years. CONCLUSION: The study confirms that for an observation period of 2 years, fixed partial dentures made by the Procera method seem to be an acceptable treatment modality. They are a suitable alternative to fixed partial dentures with porcelain fused to high-noble alloys.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intrapulpal temperatures during pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of dentin, in vitro.

Lasers are being used for soft tissue removal, caries removal, and treatment of root surface sensitivity. One concern for laser safety is that the heat produced at the irradiated root surface may diffuse to the pulp causing irreversible pulpal damage. To test this heat diffusion, copper-constantan thermocouples were inserted into the radicular pulp canals of extracted teeth. Simulating direct exposure which might occur during gingival excision, superficial caries removal, and modification of the dentin surface for treatment of root surface sensitivity, a 2 mm2 area of the external root surface was uniformly irradiated with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser using a 320 microns diameter fiber optic contact probe. Power was varied from 0.3 to 3.0 W with frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz. Temperature changes during cavity preparations using a high speed handpiece with air coolant were also recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA (P < or = 0.05) indicated that intrapulpal temperatures increased as a function of power, frequency, and time. Intrapulpal temperatures decreased as remaining dentin thickness (0.2 to 2.0 mm) increased for each laser parameter. Irradiation of dentin using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser, within the treatment times, powers, and frequencies with adequate remaining dentin thickness, as outlined in this paper, should not cause devitalizing intrapulpal temperature rises.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Dento-maxillofacial sequelae in a child treated for a rhabdomyosarcoma in the head and neck. A case report.

This case report describes severe dento-maxillofacial defects after chemoradiation therapy in a child aged 9 years 6 months with a parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma. A clinical and radiologic (apical dental radiographs, orthopantograph, lateral skull roentgenogram) dental follow-up over 4 years showed such dental abnormalities as root blunting, mild to severe root shortening, premature closure of the root apices, and severe radiation caries. Craniofacial morphology evaluated by cephalometric analysis and dental models showed deficiency with mandibular and maxillary hypoplasia.

Child↗
PubMed2004

A flow cytometric analysis of the biodefensive response of deciduous tooth pulp to carious stimuli during physiological root resorption.

The present study observed biodefensive responses of deciduous tooth pulp to advancing caries lesions and analysed the role of physiological root resorption on pulpal defense potential. For this purpose, immunocompetent cell content of deciduous tooth pulp was examined using flow cytometry. A total of 49 deciduous incisor and molar teeth at various stages of physiological root resorption (carious or non-carious) to be extracted for clinical reasons were used in this study. Teeth were classified according to carious lesion depth and root resorption stage. CD3+ lymphocytes were observed to be most prevalent in the pulp and to show remarkable increase along with increase in carious lesion depth. Numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes also increased significantly as carious lesions approached the pulp. However, increase in the number of CD3+ and CD8+ cells did not significantly alter CD4+/CD8+ ratios. The study also found that while B-lymphocytes increased significantly in association with root resorption, there were no significant differences in B/CD3+ lymphocyte ratios. Thus, there was no evidence of irreversible pulpal pathosis in any groups. It can be concluded that pulp maintains its healing and defense capacity against advancing carious lesion and progressive root resorption in deciduous teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries - international perspectives.

Diseases probably have their roots in a complex chain of environmental and behavioural events which are shaped by broader socioeconomic determinants. Most studies of sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries have been carried out in industrialized countries, but such reports from low- and middle-income countries have been published in recent years. World Health Organization international collaborative studies and other international studies of social factors in dental caries using the same methodology provide empirical evidence of social inequality in oral health across countries and across oral health care systems. The paper highlights the challenges to dental public health practice, particularly the importance of risk assessment in estimating the potential for prevention. In future public health programmes, systematic risk factor assessment may therefore be instrumental in the planning and surveillance of oral health promotion and oral disease intervention programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Arabidopsis mutants with increased organ regeneration in tissue culture are more competent to respond to hormonal signals.

Shoots and roots can be regenerated through organogenesis in tissue culture by subjecting plant explants to the appropriate regime of hormone treatments. In an effort to understand the control of shoot organogenesis, we screened for mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia ecotype for enhanced shoot development at sub-optimal concentrations of cytokinin. Mutants in four different complementation groups were identified, one of which represents a new locus named increased organ regeneration1 (ire1) and another that is allelic to the previously identified pom1/erh2 mutant. Although the mutants were selected for their response to cytokinin, they were neither hypersensitive to, nor were they over-producers of cytokinins. The mutations identified in this study not only promote more robust shoot production in tissue culture, but also enhance green-callus and root formation. We interpret this to mean that, in tissue culture, IRE genes act before organ specification during the time when root explants acquire the competency to respond to organ formation signals. In normal plant development, IRE genes may down-regulate the competency of vegetative tissue to respond to hormonal signals involved in shoot and root organogenesis.

Arabidopsis↗