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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1955

Chlorpromazine alone and with reserpine; use in the treatment of mental diseases.

One hundred psychiatric patients were treated with chlorpromazine, alone or combined with reserpine. Fifty-six per cent of patients with chronic schizophrenic reactions showed moderate or pronounced improvement when treated with chlorpromazine alone. The results of treatment with the combined drugs were not so good as that. Indications are that treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenic reactions is more efficacious with these drugs than with other forms of somatic therapy. Complications of treatment were far greater with combined use of chlorpromazine and reserpine. For this reason, the combination appears to have limited usefulness. The Parkinson syndrome was the most frequent complication of large doses of these drugs. It appears to be a toxic reaction, requiring reduction in dosage. Jaundice appears to be neither a frequent nor a serious complication of treatment.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1956

Reserpine and chlorpromazine, their use in alcoholic and geriatric patients.

Although reserpine and chlorpromazine had tranquilizing effect on a number of geriatric and alcoholic patients in a state hospital, several complicating results were noted, some with a bearing on the patients' health and others that might affect the assignment of personnel. Lipoprotein studies carried out on patients receiving reserpine seemed to indicate that a reduction in the blood levels of the denser lipoprotein molecules took place during therapy. Several elderly patients receiving chlorpromazine died of diseases that were not as sharply manifest by symptoms as they might be expected to be. Hence the need for closer observation than a limited staff could afford seemed a matter for consideration. Another consideration of the same order was the possible need for increased personnel for psychotherapy in light of the more receptive condition of the patients.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Haloperidol, reserpine, l-dopa and amantidine in the treatment of Huntington chorea (author's transl)].

Two drugs that should reduce striatal dopamine activity (haloperidol and reserpine) and two other drugs that should increase it (L-Dopa and amantadine) have been successively adminstered to six patients suffering from Huntington's Chorea. The most effective treatment in reducing hyperkinesis was haloperidol, followed by reserpine. Treatment with L-Dopa did not have appreciable effect, on this type of involuntary movements. Against some theoretical expectations administration of amantadine was followed by a slight improvement in the control of involuntary activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1959

Reserpine in weight reduction. The effect in obese patients on 1,000-calorie diets: a controlled study.

In a controlled study (the control group receiving pyribenzamine) it was observed that reserpine, in the dosage used, had no effect on weight loss in patients receiving d-amphetamine sulphate (Dexedrine(R)) and methyl cellulose (Cellothyl(R)) while on 1,000-calorie diets as compared with the control group. There was no observable difference in subjective feelings of the patients in the two groups. Reserpine had no effect on the length of time the patients remained on their diets.

Dextroamphetamine↗
PubMed1992

Freeze-substitution and X-ray microprobe analysis of amine-storage organelles of rat platelets after treatment with reserpine.

Freeze-substitution was successfully used to determine the elemental composition of the amine storage organelles of rat platelets after treatment with reserpine. Conventional electron microscopy of platelets fixed with glutaraldehyde and OsO4 revealed many empty vesicles indicating the liberation of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the amine storage organelles. However, the organelles were totally filled with an osmiophilic material in platelets freeze-substituted with OsO4-acetone. Freeze-substitution of platelets with pure acetone without OsO4 revealed also the presence of an electron-opaque material in the organelles. The emission spectra of X-ray generated by the spot analysis of the organelles exhibited Na-K alpha, Mg-K alpha, P-K alpha, K-K alpha, and Ca-K alpha. A semi-quantitative comparison of elemental concentrations in the amine storage organelles between reserpine-dosed rats and normal intact controls showed that K was significantly higher in controls, while the content of other elements was similar.

Amines↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of the rauwolfia-alkaloids ajmaline, rescinnamine and reserpine on the catecholamine contents of the heart (author's transl)].

The effect of three rauwolfia-alkaloids and two semi-synthetic derivatives on the catecholamine content of the hearts of guinea pigs was examined. The substances were: ajamaline, N-methyl-ajamaline, N-n-propylajmaline, rescinnamine and reserpine. The presence of catecholamines in isolated atria was tested with tyramine (10(-5) g/ml). Rescinnamine and reserpine depleted the hearts of catecholamines, ajmaline and its derivatives did not.

Ajmaline↗
PubMed1991

"Designer" amphetamines: effects on behavior and monoamines with or without reserpine and/or alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine pretreatment.

Rats were given single injections of vehicle or one of three doses of (+)-amphetamine (AM), 4-methoxyamphetamine (MA) or 4-ethoxyamphetamine (EA) after pretreatment with vehicle or reserpine, and vehicle or alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT). EA is a "designer" drug that was recently seized from an illicit laboratory in Canada. Locomotion of the rats was recorded after treatment with the drugs, and whole brain levels of the drugs as well as monoamine neurotransmitters and their major acidic metabolites were then determined. Neither of the ring-substituted AM analogues influenced locomotion. AM induced locomotion in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was blocked by AMPT but potentiated by reserpine. Brain concentrations of EA were lower than those of the other two drugs. The brain levels of monoamines and their metabolites indicate that AM releases a newly synthesized pool of dopamine which is transferred to vesicles after re-uptake. A very low dose of AM, but not higher doses, was found to elevate serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) levels independently of effects on catecholamines. Both MA and EA affected monoamine metabolites in a manner consistent with actions as reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-an effect which has been previously demonstrated to be true for MA. Both drugs increased 5-HT levels at a very low dose, as did AM, but also increased noradrenaline levels at this dose. It is concluded that EA is not a psychomotor stimulant, but is similar in many of its effects to MA, a potent hallucinogen.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1977

Analogies and differences between reserpine PGO wave discharges and oculomotor phasic activity during paradoxical sleep in the cat.

In the present study the analogies and differences between phasic PGO activity of parodoxical sleep and the reserpine induced PGO waves were investigated. The oculomotor phasic activities in chronic cats were studied. It appeared that the intrinsic organisation of latencies and the appearance of phasic waves in the four structures studied were common to both experimental situations. However the sequential patterns of discharges were different in PS and under reserpine treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of reserpine and propranolol on mental work capacity and psychological status of workers with hypertension after exposure to neuro-emotional stress].

The article deals with the action of reserpine and propranolol on the intellectual working capacity and psychic state in hypertensive disease patients working under the extreme neuroemotional stress conditions. It was established that treatment with propranolol improved specific indices in the psychic state and professionally related functions of memory and attention thus contributing to intellectual working capacity. Treatment with reserpine hampered mental activity, including the functions of memory and attention.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of reserpine on cholinergic processes in the heart].

Experiments on white rats show that reserpine creates conditions for acetylcholine accumulation in the heart. In early periods after reserpine administration (within 8 hours) this process depends on restriction of mediator hydrolysis. In more distant periods (within 24 hours) synthesis activation adds to the mentioned mechanism.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Release of norepinephrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by nerve stimulation. V. Enhanced release associated with a granular effect of a benzoquinolizine derivative with reserpine-like properties.

A reserpine-like agent, 2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,-hexa-hydro-11b-H-benzo[a]quinolizine (BQZ), at concentrations that do not inhibit phosphodiesterase activity, produces a marked increase in the outflow of 3-H-dihydroxyphenyl-ethyleneglycol from the isolated, perfused cat slpeen prelabeled with 3-H-norepinephrine (3-H-NE). The increased intraneuronal levels of catechols probably account for the inhibition of the conversion of 1-minus14C-L-tyrosine to 1-minus14C-L-dopa which is observed in the presence of the drug. In addition, in the presence of 0.9 muM BQZ, there is a 2.5- to 3-fold increase in the nerve stimulation-mediated overflow of NE, 3-H-NE, total 3-H and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the increase in the spontaneous release of 3-H and the enhanced exocytotic release of transmitter by nerve stimulation. These results suggest that either a primary alteration of the storage granule membrane or the subsequent enhanced intraneuronal levels of NE or NE metabolites may be responsible for the enhanced exocytotic release by nerve stimulation. In the presence of 0.9 muM BQZ, addition of 3 muM cocaine produces an increase in the nerve stimulation-mediated overflow of NE and an inhibition of the formation of 3-H-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol. In addition, there is a 20 to 30% decrease in the overflow of 3-H and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and a marked delay in the outflow of the enzyme elicited by nerve stimulation. These results suggested that, in the presence of BQZ, a large fraction of the NE released during nerve stimulation is recaptured into the nerve terminals where it is subsequently metabolized to 3-H-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol. The enhanced exocytotic release of NE, the extensive presynaptic metabolism of the recaptured transmitter subsequent to release by nerve stimulation, and inhibition of norepinephrine synthesis all appear to contribute to the accelerated depletion of tissue NE which is observed when the splenic nerves are stimulated in the presence of 0.9 muM BQZ. These results provide an explanation for the accelerated depletion of tissue NE in animals treated with reserpine-like compounds when the sympathetic innervation is intact.

2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of reserpine and 5-HT on analgesia induced by lappaconitine and N-deacetyllappaconitine].

In the rat tail-flick test it was shown that ip lappaconitine (LA) 1-6 mg/kg, N-deacetyllappaconitine (DLA) 4-10 mg/kg or icv DLA 20-60 micrograms/rat exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic activity, but icv LA 20-40 micrograms/rat was inactive. The analgesic potency of ip LA was a little more potent than that of DLA and slightly weaker than that of morphine (P less than 0.05). Combined ip of subanalgesic doses of morphine and LA or DLA produced significant analgesic action. Analgesia mediated by LA was not antagonized by naloxone. The analgesic effect induced by LA or DLA was abolished and restored 3 and 120 h, respectively, after ip reserpine 3 mg/kg. Concomitant administration of 1-tryptophan or 5-HT as well as premedication of alpha-methyldopa prevented reserpine-induced decrease on LA or DLA analgesia. The elevation of brain 5-HT level by icv 5-HT significantly enhanced the analgesia of LA and DLA. LA- or DLA-induced analgesia was attenuated by pretreatment of p-chlorophenylalanine but this attenuation was reversed by icv 5-HT. p-Chloroamphetamine also markedly reduced LA- or DLA-induced analgesia. It is concluded that the central serotoninergic system is involved in the modulation of LA- or DLA-induced analgesia.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1988

[Changes in monoamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens and locomotor activity by reserpine: an in vivo microdialysis study].

The effect of ip administration of reserpine (2 mg/kg) on the monoamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was estimated in the freely moving rat by intracerebral dialysis in the nucleus accumbens. Locomotor activity was measured simultaneously by Automex. Locomotor activity tended to increase during the first 2 hours. On the other hand, a significant reduction of locomotor activity was found during the 3rd-5th hour period of the experiment. HVA-total (conjugated + free) and 5-HIAA were elevated significantly (P less than 0.05) during the 3rd-5th and the 5th-6th hour periods, respectively. However, the difference of DOPAC between both groups did not reach statistical significance throughout the experiment. During the 3rd-5th hour of experiment, the change of behavior and HVA were inversely correlated. This might suggest that an HVA level in the dialysate is a good index of dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens after reserpine treatment.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1989

Prenatal reserpine exposure alters cardiovascular parameters in rat offspring.

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) and blood pressures (BPs) were recorded and evaluated in postnatal rats that had been exposed in utero to 0.375 or 0.75 mg reserpine/kg/day sc on Gestational Days (GD) 12-15. These doses caused reduced maternal weight gain during pregnancy and decreased pup body weight at birth, as well as reduced heart weight during the preweaning period. There were no changes in other maternal parameters or in litter size. During the postweaning period, pup body weight was reduced only at the highest dose at Postnatal Days (PND) 30 and 60. By PND 342, the weight reduction was no longer significant when compared to controls. Lead II ECGs were recorded in conscious animals on PND 30, 60, and 342; BPs were recorded in anesthetized animals on PND 346. Several ECG parameters were attenuated by prenatal reserpine exposure: R wave and S wave amplitudes and the QRS interval in males, and the PR interval in females. The BP recordings showed that low-dose males had significantly higher pulse pressures than did high-dose males, but neither group was significantly different from controls. Following an intraarterial norepinephrine challenge, resultant peak pulse pressure was greater in high-dose females than in controls. These results indicate that subtle, long-term, sex-specific alterations in cardiovascular parameters were produced by prenatal reserpine treatment at doses that altered body weight in young animals at PNDs 30 and 60, but this change was no longer apparent at PND 342.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine on noradrenergic and peptidergic nerves in rat brown adipose tissue.

While co-existence of noradrenaline and neuropeptide-Y is, by inference, indicated in sympathetic nervous projections to rat interscapular brown adipose tissue by the fact of their coincident disappearance from the tissue following 6-hydroxydopamine treatment of the animals, reserpine treatment produced a divergent effect suggestive of possible differences either in the localisation and/or release mechanisms for noradrenaline and the peptide within the same neurons. Thus reserpine produced a depletion of noradrenaline but not of the immunohistochemically demonstrable neuropeptide-Y in the nerve plexuses of the tissue.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repetitive electrical stimulation of X-area and parabrachial lateral nucleus: effects upon ponto-geniculo-occipital activity in the reserpinized cat.

The ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) activity is a characteristic field potential of paradoxical sleep, that can be continually induced by reserpine administration. It has been postulated that the X area (XA) and parabrachial lateral nucleus (Pbl) contain the generator cells for the PGO activity. In this study, repetitive electrical stimulation in the XA and Pbl was applied, with the aim of inducing progressive plastic changes in PGO activity, which was recorded from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Reserpinized cats were used; they were curarized and maintained with artificial respiration. We analyzed the PGO spike frequency at one, five and sixty minutes after stimulation, which was given every 30 minutes for at least 8 consecutive hours. Stimulation of the XA did not produce changes, while that of the Pbl induced a relatively poor progressive increment in the PGO spike frequency. The findings obtained with XA stimulation discard the possibility of inducing functional plastic changes in this region. On the other hand, the response to Pbl stimulation indicates an activation of the PGO spike generator system. These differences suggest that these nuclei have different influence on PGO activity, although it is possible that the responses found in the Pbl were indirect effects, given its anatomical relationships.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in the progesterone serum concentration of sexually immature rat pups treated with estradiol and reserpine].

The authors carried out studies on sexually immature rats of Wistar strain. After exact determination of the day of delivery rats were divided into 4 groups: I--injected with 0.9% of sodium chloride on 35th, 36th and 37th day; II--injected with the reserpine only on the same days; III--injected with estradiol on the same days; IV--injected with estradiol on the same days. The animals were killed on the 38th day after delivery. The obtained results revealed that progesterone concentration in sera of sexually immature rats was not increased after treatment with estradiol. This showed that similar effect, established in sexually mature rats, was observed in sexually immature rats as well. Serum progesterone concentration of sexually immature rats was elevated after treatment with estradiol and reserpine. This is a new original fact for participation of adrenergic system in formation of steroid sexual hormone--progesterone in the ovary.

Aging↗