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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Intraoperative recordings of evoked extraocular muscle activities to monitor ocular motor nerve function.

During 22 operations in 18 patients, we stimulated the ocular motor nerves electrically, intracranially, and recorded compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) directly from the extraocular muscles with a ring electrode that we developed. Recording electrodes were applied in 52 instances to the superior rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, or lateral rectus muscle and to the levator palpebrae superioris in 2 instances; CMAP were recorded successfully from 22 muscles. Evoked CMAP were not recorded in 2 instances because of problems with recording equipment; in the remaining 30 instances, no evoked CMAP were recorded because 1) the oculomotor or abducens nerve was not exposed during the operation; or 2) the recording electrode on the superior oblique muscle had not been properly placed to record trochlear nerve CMAP. Placement of this electrode is difficult. Ocular motor nerve function was analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the usefulness of this intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring method in preventing damage to ocular motor nerves. The results of this study showed that monitoring enables surgeons to locate precisely ocular motor nerves that would otherwise have been overlooked and thus possibly injured during surgery. Monitoring results also confirmed the surgeons' visual findings, thus helping the surgeons operate with greater confidence. Further, intraoperative monitoring provided us with some insights into the pathophysiology of ocular motor nerve dysfunction caused by skull base lesions; we documented electrophysiologically the occurrence of the slowing of conduction in the ocular motor nerves. We conclude that monitoring ocular motor nerve CMAP can reduce the incidence of surgical complications such as functional blindness due to inadvertent sectioning of one of these nerves and that it would be worthwhile to conduct studies of this technique in many more cases to validate our findings.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed2006

Design and implementation of an electronic data recording and processing system for physics quality control checks in external beam radiotherapy.

Quality control (QC) of external beam radiotherapy equipment ensures that commissioning performance is maintained. Paper based data recording is still used for QC, but this is resource intensive in terms of data calculation and processing. Electronic systems of data recording have many advantages; for example, they facilitate the analysis of data on a regular basis, allowing the user to examine the "health" of each machine; they help review and audit local frequencies of each check and can possibly predict component failure. They also allow for secure calculation of results and automatic charting for routine trend analysis. Initially, data recording at our centre was paper-based for daily, weekly and monthly checks. This paper system has been successfully replaced with an electronic system for QC data recording and processing for linear accelerators and superficial units. The system makes use of personal digital assistants and networked laptops for online recording of data, and networked desktop PCs for offline work. The systems of data recording have been designed using the power of macros within Microsoft Excel, which automatically calculate each QC parameter and charts the data recorded for long-term analysis of trends. As of the beginning of 2006, these systems have been fully implemented. The benefits of implementing such a system are numerous, for example, central storage, backup and archiving of data, for greater security and reducing operator errors in calculations. Other benefits are discussed within the paper. In the future, we hope to develop similar systems of data recording for QC checks on other radiotherapy equipment.

Computers, Handheld↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous recording of gastric electrical activity (electrogastrography): its technique and analysis].

In 1922, Alvarez made some electrical recordings from cutaneous electrodes, but the method has not been widely adopted. It has been caused by the technical difficulties in recording, and in extracting consistent information from the recording. Therefore in an effort to improve the ability to routinely obtain a recording of the gastric electrical activity, using cutaneous electrodes (electrogastrography, EGG), we have investigated different electrodes placement and bipolar recording techniques. We studied 10 healthy asymptomatic volunteers. Frequency and power product have been used to help interpret the potential change. We found significant frequency component at approximately 3 cycle/min. Recordings from the upper part of epigastrium were better than those from the lower part of epigastrium. This suggests that these recordings are taken from electrical activity of the stomach. We found the good placement of cutaneous electrodes and good recording techniques.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of feeding on recording characteristics of electrogastrography (EGG) in normal subjects].

Cutaneous recording of electrogastrography reflects gastric mechanical activity. Epigastric leads are superior in recording characteristics than meso-gastric leads, in fasting state, 3.0 cpm waves dominate EGG recording in fasting state. In this study, we analyzed the EGG recording characteristic after feeding in 10 normal subjects. Though the physical changes of gastric shape and volume after feeding, EGG recording was dominated by 3.0 cpm waves. Epigastric leads are still superior in recording characteristics, amplitude of EGG waves and read-abilities, than meso-gastric leads, after feeding. Amplitude of EGG waves increased after feeding when compared to fasting state, suggesting increased mechanical activity of the stomach. We conclude that epigastric leads are suitable in recording of EGG in fasting and in fed state in normal subjects. This position could be most standard recording leads for EGG in clinical settings.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2004

[Indicators of quality for medical records and ambulatory care in Maringá (state of Paraná, Brazil), 1991: an exercise in evaluation].

This study sought to establish health-care quality indicators based on data from routine clinical records produced by the Municipal Health Department in Maringá, Paraná State. Records for 7813 patients seen in the month of October 1991 at three Integrated Health Centers (IHC) were assessed to determine whether the recorded information allowed for the formulation of quality indicators. Indicators of data quality, demand, coverage, resolubility, and geographic distribution of the clientele by IHC were formulated. Some 49.7% of records had no diagnostic hypothesis, and 14.8% of recorded diagnoses were illegible, 78% of visits were by residents of the IHC's cachement areas; there was a low estimated coverage of pre-natal care of 37%; an estimated 70% of children under one year of age residing in the area were seen during the month; patients seen in October 1991 had a mean of 3 physician visits per person during the preceding year and 4.3% of records specified a referral to another service. Patient records in the centers studied are precarious as information services for either routine internal use or external evaluation. In spite of these deficiencies, it was possible to extract some indicators of quality; however, significant improvements in recording are needed to support more in-depth evaluation.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1976

Self-recording in training girls to increase work and evoke staff praise in an institution for offenders.

Self-recording procedures were used by four adolescent girls to increase work and comments (cues) that evoked staff praise during vocational training sessions in a maximum-security institution for offenders. The girls were selected on the basis of their not responding to a staff-directed token program. The self-recording procedures were directed by a therapist who saw the girls outside the vocational training sessions. According to a multiple-baseline design, self-recording of work was introduced sequentially to each of the two or three settings the girls attended each day. A few days after work had increased, self-recording of cues was introduced. Tokens were delivered by the therapist for work and cues recorded by the girls. Work and cues increased following self-recording for three of the girls and increased cues evoked higher rates of staff praise. Girl and staff behaviors were maintained during short follow-up periods when tokens were not given for the girls' records. The procedures failed to effect desirable changes with a fourth girl's work and self-recording of work was terminated without introducing cueing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[A procedure for electroretinogram (ERG) recording in mice--effect of monoiodoacetic acid on the ERG in pigmented mice].

A procedure for recording the electroretinogram (ERG) in pigmented mice, C57BL, based on the ERG recording technique reported previously in albino mice, ICR, and giving careful consideration to the influence of anesthetics and dark-adaptation, was developed in order to examine retinal toxicity. Pigmented mice were given a single i.v. injection of monoiodoacetic acid (IAA), a known retinotoxic compound, via a tail vein at a dose of 30, 45 or 60 mg/kg, and the ERG was recorded periodically over the next 14 days. In addition, the retinas were examined histopathologically on day 15. The results were as follows. 1. The oscillatory potentials were not distinct in the ERGs from mice anesthetized with pentobarbital as compared to the ERGs from non-anesthetized mice. ERG waveforms obtained from mice anesthetized with a mixture of urethane, xylazine and ketamine or xylazine and ketamine were almost the same as those obtained from non-anesthetized mice. Therefore, the ERGs were recorded under mixed anesthesia, ketamine and xylazine, in the following study. Stable ERGs could be recorded after 40 min of dark-adaptation. 2. IAA at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg caused slight depression of the amplitudes of the a-, b- and c-waves; however, these changes were no longer observed 7 days after dosing. At a dose of 60 mg/kg, the ERG waves were markedly depressed 1 day after dosing, and recovery was not observed until day 14. 3. Upon histopathologic examination of the retinas, a remarkable decrease in visual cells and thinning of the rod and cone layers and outer plexiform layer were observed with IAA at a dose of 60 mg/kg. 4. Using this newly developed recording technique, it was confirmed that stable ERGs could be recorded from pigmented mice repeatedly for 14 days, and the effects of IAA on the ERG could be detected. Histopathological abnormalities in the retinas correlated well with the changes in the ERGs. These results indicate that the newly developed ERG recording procedure is useful for evaluating retinal toxicity in pigmented mice.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2007

Technical note: A system for continuous recording of ruminal pH in cattle.

Continuous recording of ruminal pH in cannulated cattle has been practiced to study rumen metabolism. However, most systems reported did not permit animal mobility during pH recording. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a continuous rumen pH data acquisition system that permitted animal mobility during data acquisition. A further objective was to compare the pH readings obtained using the continuous recording system to readings obtained at the same time using spot sampling. The continuous recording system was composed of a heavy-duty electrode and a data logger. The electrode was attached to a 0.5-kg weight to help maintain the electrode in the ventral sac of the rumen. The electrode was connected via a 0.5-m cable to a lightweight data logger that was mounted on the animal's back using a belt wrapped around the girth. The data logger was battery powered and could hold over 13,000 pH data values. A personal digital assistant was used to configure and download data from the data logger during the experiment. Ruminal pH was continuously recorded (every 10 s) using a dry Holstein cow fed alfalfa hay ad libitum in a 3-d experiment to compare the performance of the continuous system to spot samples taken from the ventral sac of the rumen, the same location as the continuous electrode. The spot samples were collected 3 times per d for 3 d. At every sampling time, 3 replicate samples were collected, pH was determined immediately using a handheld pH meter, and readings were averaged (n = 3) and compared with the average of the 3 pH readings recorded using the continuous system at the same time. The pH recorded by spot sampling (6.63 +/- 0.04) was greater (P = 0.009) than that of the continuous system (6.56 +/- 0.03), with a correlation of r = 0.88 (P = 0.002). The continuous recording system has the potential to facilitate measurement of ruminal pH in free-roaming cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Combining genetic test information and correlated phenotypic records for breeding value estimation.

The use of marker assisted selection in the beef cattle industry to date has involved using traditional EPD in tandem with molecular test information. In the current study, a multiple-trait simulation was carried out to create a beef cattle data set using genetic parameter estimates from the literature to identify the best procedure for combining both sources of information and to assess the added benefit of the procedure. To reach these objectives, the following simulation/ analysis steps were implemented: (1) varying percentages (100, 5, or 0) of available records for the trait of interest, (2) varying percentages (100, 50, 25, or 0) of animals with molecular information, (3) scenarios where the favorable (F) or the unfavorable (U) allele was more frequent, and (4) analysis of the response due to selection over 5 generations. The data sets included 3 correlated traits in which 2 of them, birth weight and postweaning gain, had complete recording and the availability of records for the third trait (marbling score) varied. It was further assumed that molecular information was available for the third trait for a causative gene that explained 10% of the genetic variation. Estimates of Pearson correlations between true and predicted breeding values for marbling score declined as the amount of information declined, and instances in which the molecular information was recorded were always closer to the true values than in the case in which the molecular information was absent. When the U allele was more frequent, rank correlation estimates were increased among top sires, low accuracy sires, and high accuracy sires by approximately 24.9, 12.1, and 4.7% with limited marbling score records and complete genotyping compared with limited marbling score records and no genotyping. Similar results were seen when the F allele was more frequent. When there was a complete absence of recording for the trait of interest, the same trends in correlations were observed and were lower than when the trait of interest was recorded. Jointly considering molecular and phenotypic information showed a greater long-term response compared with tandem selection, showing that discrimination of candidates for selection based solely on molecular information is not optimal.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Inclusion of partial lactations in the genetic analysis of yield traits by differential weighting of records.

Mixed model equations are constructed using the convention of regression on dummy variables that are given values of either unity (presence of the effect) or zero (absence of the effect). In the proposed method, incomplete records were included by computing regression coefficients of sire effects as the regression of the effect on the partial record on the same effect on the complete record. Partial and complete records were treated equally for other effects. Regression and the error components of variance were estimated as simple functions of the length of the partial records. The only additional computation required in sire evaluation was the differential weighting of records in the construction of the mixed model equations. This method was tested on field data and was slightly more accurate than evaluations including partial records without differential weighting and significantly more accurate than evaluations obtained with partial records deleted.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Simplified esophageal electrocardiography using bipolar recording leads.

Diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias is easier if the P wave can be identified clearly. Esophageal electrocardiography with a unipolar recording lead attached to the V1 terminal of an ECG machine has been used in the past to show P waves. We used both bipolar and unipolar recording leads and standard ECG equipment to record the esophageal ECG and then compared the results obtained with both leads. Twenty-two cardiac rhythms were evaluated in 15 patients. The unipolar lead recorded a P wave that was smaller than the QRS complex (0.83 +/- 0.47 mV and 1.28 +/- 0.79 mV, respectively, p less than 0.01) and was obscured when the two depolarizations were nearly simultaneous. The bipolar lead recorded a P wave that was larger than the QRS complex (0.93 +/- 0.62 mV and 0.33 +/- 0.3 mV, respectively, p less than 0.001) and was never obscured. The unipolar lead recorded a P-to-QRS ratio that was smaller than that recorded by the bipolar lead (0.8 +/- 0.5 and 3.3 +/- 1.8, respectively, p less than 0.001). A bipolar esophageal lead can be recorded simply at the bedside using a standard ECG machine and is superior to the conventional unipolar lead.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1990

[Amiodarone and propafenone: evaluation using serial Holter recordings in patients with ventricular arrhythmia].

OBJECTIVE: To review the experience of the Arrhythmology Department in evaluating antiarrhythmic therapy for ventricular arrhythmias with serial Holter electrocardiographic recordings (ECG-H). To compare the results obtained with the most used drugs in this Department: amiodarone and propafenone (groups AMIO and PROP). DESIGN: Retrospective study. No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in respect to age, sex, underlying disease, functional class, left ventricular function and associated therapy. SETTING: Arrythmology Department at a Cardiology Service. PATIENTS: 105 sequential patients with ventricular arrhythmias in a basal ECG-H recording, that were evaluated within 1 year with a new recording on amiodarone or propafenone, without major clinical events or therapeutic changes between the two recordings. INTERVENTIONS (daily oral doses): Amiodarone 200-600 (mean 270) mg or propafenone 300-900 (mean 602) mg. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups, in either the basal ECG-H or that recorded on therapy. The two drugs were similar in the degree of suppression of ventricular premature complexes per hour (VPCH): equal or superior to 75% in 64.3% of the patients on amiodarone and in 63.9% of those on propafenone. The following reductions on therapy were statistically significant (p less than 0.001 if not specified): VPCH, from 346 +/- 480 to 86 +/- 158 on amiodarone and from 418 +/- 524 to 110 +/- 215 on propafenone; most complex arrhythmia recorded, on both drugs; number of patients with pairs, from 72.1 to 34.9% on amiodarone and from 69.4 to 33.9% on propafenone; number of patients with runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), from 27.9 to 2.3% on amiodarone (p less than 0.01); number of runs of VT per recording, from 3 +/- 5 to 1 on amiodarone (p less than 0.06); and maximum number of complexes per run of VT, from 8 +/- 8 to 4 on amiodarone and from 7 +/- 4 to 5 +/- 1 on propafenone (both with p less than 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Holter recordings were useful in evaluating antiarrhythmic therapy. The effectiveness of amiodarone and propafenone in treating ventricular arrhythmias was not significantly different. The choice between one of these drugs must rely on their collateral effects profile.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Recording rod ON and OFF responses in ERG and multifocal ERG].

PURPOSE: To investigate feasibility and recording conditions of recording rod on and off responses in electroretinograms (ERG) and multifocal electroretinograms (mf-ERG), and observe character and influence factors of these responses. METHODS: ERG responses were recorded using the rectangle stimulus, sawtooth rapid-on and rapid-off stimulus in normal subjects after dark adaptation. Flash frequency and flash intensities varied to obtain appropriate recording conditions for clinical use. Mf-ERG responses were recorded in using simulated rectangle stimulus, saw tooth rapid-on and rapid-off stimulus. RESULTS: A large positive wave was found in ERG of rectangle stimulus and rapid-on stimulus. Increasing flash frequency decreased response amplitudes, however, the latency time changed little. A small negative wave with 80 ms latency time was found in ERG of rapid-off stimulus, and a very small positive wave with 75 ms latency time was found in the downhill of the negative wave. Increasing flash frequency increased latency time of the negative wave, but decreased the amplitude of the small positive wave. Oscillatory wave-like waves were found in the responses when flash frequency increased to 3 Hz. A large negative wave following a positive wave was found in mf-ERG of simulated rapid-off stimulus, which was difference from the wave of simulated rectangle stimulus and rapid-on stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: Rod on and off responses of ERG can be recorded with sawtooth rapid-on and rapid-off stimulus. There is a small positive wave in downhill of negative wave in rod off response. Rod on response of mf-ERG can be recorded with simulated rapid-on stimulus. The flash frequency of 0.5-1 Hz and small flash intensity were suggested to appropriate conditions for recording rod on and off responses in ERG. The simulated rapid-on, sawtooth rapid-on and rapid-off stimulus can be used to investigate retinal disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monopolar recording of H reflexes at various sites.

Various monopolar recording electrode sites have been used to record H reflexes and M responses. This investigation revealed a decrease in maximum M response amplitude accompanied by an increase in the H/M amplitude ratio as the active recording electrode was positioned more distally, below the gastrocnemii muscle bellies. H and M latencies were also significantly longer at the most distal recording site, but the latency difference is relatively independent of recording site. Serial variation was least at the most proximal recording site for an immobilized ankle. For an unrestrained ankle, serial variation was greater, but was least at the most distal site. The standard recording site, midway between knee and ankle, was not the best site for minimizing serial variation, and it was the least sensitive to vibration-induced reflex excitability changes. For serial testing of H reflex excitability, an immobilized ankle and measured proximal and distal recording sites are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new portable device for recording 24-h indirect blood pressure in hypertensive outpatients.

To simplify 24-h blood pressure (BP) recording in hypertensive outpatients, we devised a new portable, automatic BP recorder and studied its accuracy and usefulness. The fully automatic recorder, measuring 5 x 16 x 18 cm with a cuff of usual size, weighs approximately 1 kg and is driven by a rechargeable battery. The cuff is inflated by a compact CO2 cartridge and two microphones are used to detect differentially the Korotkoff sounds in the upper arm. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) are automatically measured, displayed with the time of measurement, and recorded on a memory card at intervals of 15 min for 24 h. This equipment has high noise immunity and works very quietly. It predicts approximate BP during the period of increasing cuff pressure, and measures BP more quickly than the conventional method (the time required for each measurement was reduced by about half). Afterwards, mean values with standard deviations, trendgrams and histograms of BP and HR over a certain period of time can be displayed and recorded with an accessory analyser. The accuracy of the BP values recorded by this device were compared with those measured by the auscultatory method. The average differences were -0.6 +/- 2.1 (s.d.) mmHg for SBP and 0.2 +/- 3.0 mmHg for DBP (n = 152). The BP values by this method were also compared with those obtained directly from the brachial artery, the differences being -5.8 +/- 5.9/0.3 +/- 6.0 mmHg (n = 85). In 30 ambulatory hypertensive patients, 24-h BP was recorded using this recorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Auscultation↗
PubMed1988

Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region. II. Intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings of local circuit synaptic interactions.

Simultaneous intracellular recordings were obtained from stratum lacunosum-moleculare (L-M) interneurons and CA1 cells, and their local circuit synaptic interactions were examined. Synaptic interactions with pyramidal cells were evaluated in both intrasomatic and intradendritic pyramidal cell recordings. Stimulation of L-M interneurons evoked small-amplitude IPSPs in 21% of intrasomatic (9/42 cell pairs) and in 26% of intradendritic (11/43) pyramidal cell recordings. The IPSP mean peak amplitude was 0.91 mV for intrasomatic and 0.67 mV for intradendritic recordings. IPSPs had slow onset and decay (approximately 80-90 msec), decreased in amplitude with membrane hyperpolarization, and were not associated with any apparent change in input resistance. No physiologic evidence of synaptic connections was found from pyramidal cells to L-M interneurons. Inhibitory synaptic interactions were also seen between L-M interneurons and stratum pyramidale interneurons (2 of 4 cell pairs). The IPSPs recorded in pyramidale interneurons were similar to the IPSPs recorded in pyramidal cells. During simultaneous recordings, L-M interneurons were activated at a shorter latency, i.e., in a feedforward manner with respect to pyramidal cells. Thus, L-M interneurons may mediate feedforward inhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells. The L-M interneuron-evoked IPSPs in pyramidal cells share some characteristics of the late IPSP recorded in CA1 pyramidal cells and may therefore contribute to this component of the IPSP.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[A new electrocardiographic technic: voluntary, sequential ambulatory recording].

Voluntary sequential ambulatory electrocardiographic is a new electrocardiographic diagnostic method. The recorder weighs 300 g and measures 156 X 95,5 X 19 mm. The electrodes, which are an integral part of the device, record the cardiac potentials from the hands and chest wall for a programmed interval of 40 or 20 seconds which can be repeated four or eight times. The recordings are in a solid memory and restituted on an electrocardiograph directly using a cable or by telephonic transmission. The bandpass ranges from 50 Hz to 0.05 Hz (analysis of the ST segment). Our experience after several hundreds of recordings shows: - that the recordings obtained are of good quality and perfectly interpretable (even the ST segment) when the patient cooperates satisfactorily; - that the "diagnostic return" is high because the patient only records when he experiences symptoms (the small size of the recorder enables the patient to wear it continuously for periods of several days); - that the need for the patient to play an active role always requires detailed instructions, a condition which sometimes limits the use of this technique (very old or very young patients). These results indicate that voluntary sequential ambulatory electrocardiography is a very promising technique for diagnosing some paroxysmal symptoms (palpitations, episodes of dizziness, chest pain). It does not supplant continuous electrocardiographic recording (Holter method), a more exacting and costly technique, but could significantly reduce its indications.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ECG recorder distribution and hospital utilization.

Although use of the portable ECG recorder is commonplace, information on actual daily use in an acute care hospital is scarce. To determine whether machines are efficiently used, we attached timers to ECG recorders in 17 wards and clinics to collect data on the time of actual use. Usage ranged from 31 min/day in the coronary care unit to 0.7 min/day in the postpartum ward, and averaged 8.0 +/- 8 min/day for all locations. Seventy-five percent of the recorders were used less than 10 min/day and 25 percent of the recorders were used less than 2 min/day. On a per-bed basis they were used 0.8 +/- 1.4 min/day. Almost no correlation was found between the number of portable ECG recorders and number of beds in 20 teaching and 23 nonteaching hospitals. The number of beds ranged from 11 to 70 per ECG recorder in teaching hospitals and from 14 to 122 in nonteaching hospitals. Nonteaching hospitals averaged 59 +/- 26 beds per recorder; teaching hospitals averaged 34 +/- 17 beds per machine. Some ECG recorders seem to be markedly underutilized and some hospitals seem to be oversupplied with these devices. To reverse this, establishing an equipment committee to see that equipment is efficiently used is recommended.

Coronary Care Units↗